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Site-selective C–H nitration of <i>N</i>-aryl-7-azaindoles under palladium(II) catalysis
Chun, Rina,Kim, Saegun,Han, Sang Hoon,Pandey, Ashok Kumar,Mishra, Neeraj Kumar,Kim, In Su Elsevier 2018 Tetrahedron letters: the international organ for t Vol.59 No.43
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The site-selective C–H nitration reaction of 7-azaindoles with <I>t</I>-butyl nitrite under palladium catalysis is described. This protocol provides an efficient method for the construction of <I>ortho</I>-nitrated <I>N</I>-aryl-7-azaindoles with excellent site-selectivity and functional group compatibility. The formed 7-azaindole derivatives can be readily transformed into 7-azaindoles containing an aniline functional group under palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation conditions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Site-selective nitration of 7-azaindoles. </LI> <LI> Use of inexpensive organic nitrating agent (<I> <SUP>t</SUP> </I>BuNO<SUB>2</SUB>) </LI> <LI> Gram-scale synthesis and reductive transformation of nitro group. </LI> <LI> Mechanistic investigation for catalytic cycle. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Bohui Wang,Yulong Luo,Rina Su,Duo Yao,Yanru Hou,Chang Liu,Rui Du,Ye Jin 한국미생물학회 2020 The journal of microbiology Vol.58 No.6
Mongolian sheep are an indigenous ruminant raised for wool and meat production in China. The gut microbial community plays an important role in animal performance and metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of two feeding regimens on the diversity and composition of gut microbiota and metabolite profiles of feces and plasma from Mongolian sheep. A total of 20 Mongolian sheep were assigned to one of two feeding regimens: free grazing (FG) and barn confinement (BC). When samples were collected, the average live weights of the sheep were 31.28 ± 1.56 kg and 34.18 ± 1.87 kg for the FG and BC groups, respectively. At the genus level, the FG group showed higher levels of Bacteroides, RC9_gut_group, Alistipes, Phocaeicola, Barnesiella, and Oscillibacter, and lower levels of Succinivibrio, Treponema, and Prevotella, compared to the BC group. The butyric acid content in feces was lower in the FG group (P < 0.05). Higher levels of palmitic acid, oleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, L-carnitine, L-citrulline, and L-histidine, and lower levels of L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, and L-kynurenine were found in the plasma of the FG sheep. Moreover, there were substantial associations between several gut microbiota genera and alterations in feces and plasma metabolites especially those involved in the metabolism of butyric acid, linolenic acid, and L-tyrosine. Feeding regimens can not only influence the composition of gut microbiota, but also alter metabolic homeostasis in sheep.
Effects of sheep slaughter age on myogenic characteristics in skeletal muscle satellite cells
Han Yunfei,Guo Wenrui,Su Rina,Zhang Yanni,Yang Le,Borjigin Gerelt,Duan Yan 아세아·태평양축산학회 2022 Animal Bioscience Vol.35 No.4
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sheep slaughter age on myogenic characteristics in skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs).Methods: Primary SMSCs were isolated from hind leg biceps femoris muscles of Wurank lambs (slaughtered at three months, Mth-3) and adults (slaughtered at fifteen months, Mth-15). SMSCs were selected by morphological observation and fluorescence staining. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expressions of SMSCs were analyzed on days 1, 3, 4, and 5.Results: The expressions of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic differentiation (MyoD), Myf6, and myogenin (MyoG) in Mth-15 were significantly higher in Mth-15 than in Mth-3 on days 1, 3, and 4 (p<0.05). However, MyoG expression in Mth-15 was significantly lower than in Mth-3 on day 5 (p<0.05). The expressions of MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx in Mth-15 were significantly higher than in Mth-3 on days 1 and 3 (p<0.05), and MyHC IIb were significantly lower than in Mth-3 on days 3 and 4 (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of MyHC IIx in Mth-15 was significantly lower and MyHC IIb was significantly higher than in Mth-3 on days 5 (p<0.05).Conclusion: The slaughter age altered the expression of MRFs and MyHCs in SMSCs while differentiation, which caused the variation of myogenic characteristics, and thus may affect the meat quality of Wurank sheep. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sheep slaughter age on myogenic characteristics in skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs). Methods: Primary SMSCs were isolated from hind leg biceps femoris muscles of Wurank lambs (slaughtered at three months, Mth-3) and adults (slaughtered at fifteen months, Mth-15). SMSCs were selected by morphological observation and fluorescence staining. Myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expressions of SMSCs were analyzed on days 1, 3, 4, and 5. Results: The expressions of myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic differentiation (MyoD), Myf6, and myogenin (MyoG) in Mth-15 were significantly higher in Mth-15 than in Mth-3 on days 1, 3, and 4 (p<0.05). However, MyoG expression in Mth-15 was significantly lower than in Mth-3 on day 5 (p<0.05). The expressions of MyHC I, MyHC IIa, and MyHC IIx in Mth-15 were significantly higher than in Mth-3 on days 1 and 3 (p<0.05), and MyHC IIb were significantly lower than in Mth-3 on days 3 and 4 (p<0.05). In contrast, the expression of MyHC IIx in Mth-15 was significantly lower and MyHC IIb was significantly higher than in Mth-3 on days 5 (p<0.05). Conclusion: The slaughter age altered the expression of MRFs and MyHCs in SMSCs while differentiation, which caused the variation of myogenic characteristics, and thus may affect the meat quality of Wurank sheep.
Ru(II)-Catalyzed C-H Aminocarbonylation of <i>N</i>-(Hetero)aryl-7-azaindoles with Isocyanates
Jeong, Taejoo,Lee, Suk Hun,Chun, Rina,Han, Sangil,Han, Sang Hoon,Jeon, Yeong Uk,Park, Jihye,Yoshimitsu, Takehiko,Mishra, Neeraj Kumar,Kim, In Su American Chemical Society 2018 Journal of organic chemistry Vol.83 No.8
<P>The ruthenium(II)-catalyzed C-H aminocarbonylation of <I>N</I>-(hetero)aryl-7-azaindoles with isocyanates is described. The excellent site selectivity at the <I>ortho</I>-position within the <I>N</I>-(hetero)aryl ring was observed to provide <I>ortho</I>-amidated <I>N</I>-(hetero)aryl-7-azaindoles under the mild reaction conditions. The resulting 7-azaindole derivatives can be readily transformed into 7-azaindoles containing carboxylic acid and alkyl amine functional groups.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>