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The Flowering of Optimality Theory: Ponapean Nasal Substituion and the Problem of Intermediate Forms
Stuart Davis 한국음운론학회 2000 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.6 No.2
Davis, Stuart. 2000. The Flowering of Optimality Theory: Ponapean Nasal Substitution and the Problem of Intermediate Forms. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 6.2. 249-305. One of the challenges that has confronted Optimality Theory resides in Phenomena that seem to require reference to an intennediate fonn that is neither the underlying input nor some actual occurring output. Typically, in rule-based phonology, such phenomeana reflect opaque rule interaction involving counterfeeding or counterbleeding relationships. In order to account for such pheneomena in Optimality Theory, McCarthy(1997) Proposes that an Optimality-theoretic grammar can permit candidate-to-candidate faithfulness. In this paper I show that the incorporation of candidate-to-candidate faithfulness allows for an insightful analysis of the different patterns of nasal substitution found in reduplication and suffixation in Ponapean. The analysis offered here avoids the shortcomings of previous analyses, accurately captures the generalization as to when nasal substitution occurs, and offers striking evidence for the nature of opacity in Optimality Theory independent of rule-based notions like counterfeeding and counterbleeding. (Indiana University)
Stuart Hampshire,Michael J. Pomeroy 한국세라믹학회 2012 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.49 No.4
SiAlON glasses are silicates or alumino-silicates, containing Mg, Ca, Y or rare earth (RE) ions as modifiers, in which nitrogen atoms substitute for oxygen atoms in the glass network. These glasses are found as intergranular films and at triple point junctions in silicon nitride ceramics and these grain boundary phases affect their fracture behaviour. This paper provides an overview of the preparation of M-SiAlON glasses and outlines the effects of composition on properties. As nitrogen substitutes for oxygen in SiAlON glasses, increases are observed in glass transition temperatures, viscosities, elastic moduli and microhardness. These property changes are compared with known effects of grain boundary glass chemistry in silicon nitride ceramics. Oxide sintering additives provide conditions for liquid phase sintering, reacting with surface silica on the Si3N4 particles and some of the nitride to form SiAlON liquid phases which on cooling remain as intergranular glasses. Thermal expansion mismatch between the grain boundary glass and the silicon nitride causes SiAlON glass properties. The tensile residual stresses in the glass phase increase with increasing Y:Al ratio and this correlates with increasing fracture toughness as a result of easier debonding at the glass/β-Si3N4 interface.
Stuart Coulson 한국유체기계학회 2019 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.12 No.1
In 29<SUP>th</SUP> IAHR symposium in Kyoto 2018, Mr. Coulson gave a lecture entitled “Changes in Hydro Turbine Design -The Last 40 Years, and into The Future -” Recent runner design trends were overviewed. Future turbine techniques were also introduced.
A New View of Reality: Mind and Actualization of Quantum Potentia
( Stuart Kauffman ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2020 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.21 No.3
I build upon Heisenberg’s proposal in 1958 that quantum states are ontologically real “potentia.” On this view reality consists in ontologically real Possibles and ontologically real Actuals. Then measurement converts Possibles to Actuals. This ontological hypothesis, explicit in Heisenberg’s proposal, suggests a natural place for “mind.” Mind converts Possibles to Actuals. This role for mind is a scientific hypothesis open to test. Modest evidence now supports the hypothesis. If very well confirmed, such results alter the foundations of quantum mechanics and afford a role of mind in the becoming of the universe. More, the ontological proposal is not a substance dualism, for potentia are not substances. Thus, this proposal for the role of mind does not seem to inherit many of the problems raised in a substance dualism such as Descartes’ Res cogitans and Res extensa, (Descartes), or in a substance neutral monism such as Russell, (Russell). The proposal is radical. Far more evidence is needed.
The Impact of Wireless Data Technologies in New Zealand
Stuart J. Barnes 한국전자거래학회 2004 한국전자거래학회 학술대회 발표집 Vol.2004 No.-
The rapidly improving price-performance of wireless technologies is providing an unprecedented platform for the development of wireless applications for the business. Such applications are able to take advantage of a new paradigm of mobility for data services, with the ability to sensitize to location, time and personal features. While big business has been a central feature of wireless implementation, it is now clear that small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are beginning to take advantage of the strategic benefits of wireless data communications. This study examines the state-of-the-art of wireless data services in New Zealand. It provides a survey of 127 current applications in use, as well as two short illustrative cases of application use. The paper rounds off with a summary and conclusions.
회사임원과 이사의 책임 : Altherton v. FDIC FIRREA § 1821(K)를 둘러싼 문제에 관한 최종분석
Stuart, Tiffany Z. 東國大學校 大學院 法學科 商事法 2000 商事法 세미나 Vol.9 No.-
Atherton v. FDIC사건에 관한 판결에서 마침내 미연방대법원은 지극히 혼란스러운 Corporate Governance의 분야를 해결했다. 대법원에 따르면 FIRREA의 1821(k)에 관한 적절한 해석은 의회가 적용되는 주법에서 정의된 대로 중과실보다 낮은 이사와 임원의 책임기준을 정한 주법에 우선하기만을 의도했다는 것이다. FIRREA의 1821(k)가 회사책임기준이 더 이상 낮아지지 않는 "최저한도 (floor)"로써 작용한다고 판결함으로써 대법원은 대부분의 주에서 부실경영으로 인한 개인적 책임으로부터 파산한 금융기관의 임원과 이사를 보호하는 그들의 자격을 효과적으로 제거했다. 그 결과 적어도 일부 주에서 정부가 파산의 경우에 금융기관이 입은 손해의 일정 부분에 대하여 회사의 임원에게 개인적인 책임을 부과하는 것을 어렵게 않게 한다.