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      • Tolerance of adzuki bean to preplant-incorporated, pre-emergence, and post-emergence herbicides in Ontario, Canada

        Stewart, Christie L.,Nurse, Robert E.,Gillard, Chris,Sikkema, Peter H. The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.1

        Weed management options for adzuki-bean growers in Ontario, Canada are limited due to few herbicide registrations. Four field trials were conducted at three locations in south-western Ontario in 2007 and 2008 to determine the tolerance of adzuki bean to several preplant-incorporated (PPI), pre-emergence (PRE), and post-emergence (POST) herbicides. All the herbicides were applied at the doses registered for use in soybean. The application of pendimethalin, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl (PPI), flumetsulam, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl (PRE), and acifluorfen and fomesafen (POST)caused ${\leq}15%$ crop injury; however, the injury was transient and did not reduce the adzuki bean yield. The POST application of cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr caused ${\leq}23%$ crop injury and reduced the biomass by ${\leq}50%$, but did not reduce the plant height or crop yield. Metribuzin, flumetsulam, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone (PPI), metribuzin, linuron, pyroxasulfone, and atrazine (PRE), and bentazon, imazethapyr plus bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl (POST) caused ${\leq}61%$ crop injury. These treatments reduced the biomass, plant height, and crop yield. Based on these results, pendimethalin, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl applied PPI, flumetsulam, cloransulam-methyl, and halosulfuron-methyl applied PRE, and acifluorfen and fomesafen applied POST might be potential weed management options for weed management in adzuki bean. Cloransulam-methyl and imazethapyr applied POST will need further evaluation due to phytotoxicity concerns. Metribuzin, flumetsulam, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone applied PPI, metribuzin, linuron, atrazine, and pyroxasulfone applied PRE, and bentazon, imazethapyr plus bentazon, halosulfuron-methyl, and thifensulfuron-methyl applied POST did not have an adequate margin of safety.

      • SSCISCOPUSKCI등재
      • The Case For The Inclusion of A Course on the Bible In The English Language And Literature Curriculum

        Stewart,Ruth G 관동대학교 1991 關大論文集 Vol.19 No.1

        The case for the inclusion of a course in Bible in the English Language and Literature Department curriculum is based on the fact that while the Bible is a religious book it is also a book of fine literature. As a religious book it belong to Christians and Jews. As a book of great literature it belongs to everyone. The Bible contains examples of nearly every literary genre, many of which are outstanding. The moral and ethical values of the Bible often make these excellent literary examples great literature. The Bible is a primary source of western cultural values. Anyone studying English literature must have a good understanding of western culture if they are to understand and critique its literature. The references to the Bible, both direct and indirect, in English literature are so numerous it is obivous that many western authors assume the readers have and acquaintance with the Bible. Many poems and dramas are based on Biblical stories. The number of English words and sayings arising form the Bible compel the serious student of English language and literature to be, at least, aware of their origin thereby having a deeper understanding of their meaning. The beauty of the language of the KIng James Version of the psalms, poetry and prose sections of the Bible are thought to be some of the finest use of the English language in the world. Students deserve to study and appreciate the finest English language in its original setting. Most of all the combination of superb literature and superb language make it a book through which the English student may first hand learn how universal themes and good language together make great literature. While overall survey coures of western culture are good, in studying the Bible as a primary source, the students have the opportunity to make their own discoveries and connection, which is the best form of education. If our English language and literature students are to excel in their field, they must have a depth of understanding of western culture, language and literature which only a study of the Bible effords. The Bible has abundant material for a course on the Bible as and in literature. Texts in English are already available in Kore. Recognition of the importance and need for such a course in essential.

      • KCI등재

        치주조직(齒周組織)이 약화(弱化)된 치아(齒牙)에 가철국소의치(可撤局所義齒)를 장착(裝着)하여 안정(安定)시킬수 있는 방법(方法)

        Stewart, K. L.,Rudd, K. D. 대한치과보철학회 1968 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.8 No.1

        주의(主意)깊게 계획(計劃)되고 제작(製作)된 guiding planes을 가진 국소의치(局所義齒)는 약화(弱化)된 치아(齒牙)를 안정(安靜)시키는데 효과적(效果的)이다. 설계(設計)에 있어서 중요(重要)한 요소(要素)들고 이러한 수부물(修復物)의 적합법(適合法)을 기술(記述)하였다.

      • KCI등재

        An agent-based blackboard system for multi-objective optimization

        Stewart Ryan,Palmer Todd S,Bays Samuel 한국CDE학회 2022 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.9 No.2

        In the field of multi-objective optimization, there are a multitude of algorithms from which to choose. Each algorithm has strengths and weaknesses associated with the mechanics for finding the Pareto front. Recently, researchers have begun to examine how multi-agent environments can be used to help solve multi-objective optimization problems. In this work, we propose a multi-objective optimization algorithm based on a multi-agent blackboard system (MABS). The MABS framework allows for multiple agents to read and write pertinent optimization problem data to a central blackboard agent. Agents can stochastically search the design space, use previously discovered solutions to explore local optima, or update and prune the Pareto front. A centralized blackboard framework allows the optimization problem to be solved in a cohesive manner and permits stopping, restarting, or updating the optimization problem. The MABS framework is tested against three alternative optimization algorithms across a suite of engineering design problems and typically outperforms the other algorithms in discovering the Pareto front. A parallelizability study is performed where we find that the MABS is able to evaluate a set number of designs, which require an evaluation time ranging from 0 to 300 seconds, quicker than a traditional optimization algorithm: this fact becomes more apparent the longer it takes to evaluate a design. To provide context for the benefits provided by MABS, a real-world nuclear engineering design problem is examined. MABS is used to examine the placement of experiments in a nuclear reactor, where we are able to evaluate hundreds of configurations for experimental placement while maintaining a strict set of safety constraints.

      • An anisotropic tertiary creep damage constitutive model for anisotropic materials

        Stewart, Calvin M.,Gordon, Ali P.,Ma, Young Wha,Neu, Richard W. Elsevier 2011 The International journal of pressure vessels and Vol.88 No.8

        <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>When an anisotropic material is subject to creep conditions and a complex state of stress, an anisotropic creep damage behavior is observed. Previous research has focused on the anisotropic creep damage behavior of isotropic materials but few constitutive models have been developed for anisotropic creeping solids. This paper describes the development of a new anisotropic tertiary creep damage constitutive model for anisotropic materials. An advanced tensorial damage formulation is implemented which includes both material orientation relative to loading and the degree of creep damage anisotropy in the model. A variation of the Norton-power law for secondary creep is implemented which includes the Hill’s anisotropic analogy. Experiments are conducted on the directionally-solidified bucket material DS GTD-111. The constitutive model is implemented in a user programmable feature (UPF) in ANSYS FEA software. The ability of the constitutive model to regress to the Kachanov-Rabotnov isotropic tertiary creep damage model is demonstrated through comparison with uniaxial experiments. A parametric study of both material orientation and stress rotation are conducted. Results indicate that creep deformation is modeled accurately; however an improved damage evolution law may be necessary.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P><P>► The deformation of anisotropic creeping solid is directionally dependent. ► Few constitutive models have been developed to deal with anisotropic behavior. ► A transversely-isotropic nickel base superalloy, DS GTD-111, is studied. ► A vector constitutive model based on the Kachanov-Rabotnov formulation is developed. ► The new model accurately models deformation at various orientations.</P>

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