Meeting Report: Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting

Mark Steven Miller,Peter J. Allen,Powel H. Brown,Andrew T. Chan,Margie L. Clapper,Roderick H. Dashwood,Shadmehr Demehri,Mary L. Disis,Raymond N. DuBois,Robert J. Glynn,Thomas W. Kensler,Seema A. Khan 대한암예방학회 2021 Journal of cancer prevention Vol.26 No.1

The Division of Cancer Prevention of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the Office of Disease Prevention of the National Institutes of Health co-sponsored the Translational Advances in Cancer Prevention Agent Development Meeting on August 27 to 28, 2020. The goals of this meeting were to foster the exchange of ideas and stimulate new collaborative interactions among leading cancer prevention researchers from basic and clinical research; highlight new and emerging trends in immunoprevention and chemoprevention as well as new information from clinical trials; and provide information to the extramural research community on the significant resources available from the NCI to promote prevention agent development and rapid translation to clinical trials. The meeting included two plenary talks and five sessions covering the range from pre-clinical studies with chemo/immunopreventive agents to ongoing cancer prevention clinical trials. In addition, two NCI informational sessions describing contract resources for the preclinical agent development and cooperative grants for the Cancer Prevention Clinical Trials Network were also presented.

Anemia Screening, Prevalence, and Treatment in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States, 2010–2014

Steven D. Miller,Carmelo Cuffari,Eboselume Akhuemonkhan,Anthony L. Guerrerio,Harold Lehmann,Susan Hutfless 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: We examined the prevalence of anemia, annual screening for anemia, and treatment of anemia with iron among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A retrospective study of U.S. pediatric patients with IBD was performed in the MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010–2014. Children (ages 1–21) with at least two inpatient or outpatient encounters for IBD who had available lab and pharmacy data were included in the cohort. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria. We used logistic regression to determine differences in screening, incident anemia, and treatment based on age at first IBD encounter and sex. Results: The cohort (n=2,446) included 1,560 Crohn's disease (CD) and 886 ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, 85% of CD and 81% of UC were screened for anemia. Among those screened, 51% with CD and 43% with UC had anemia. Only 24% of anemia patients with CD and 20% with UC were tested for iron deficiency; 85% were iron deficient. Intravenous (IV) iron was used to treat 4% of CD and 4% UC patients overall and 8% of those with anemia. Conclusion: At least 80% of children with IBD were screened for anemia, although most did not receive follow-up tests for iron deficiency. The 43%–50% prevalence of anemia was consistent with prior studies. Under-treatment with IV iron points to a potential target for quality improvement.

Anemia Screening, Prevalence, and Treatment in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States, 2010-2014

Miller, Steven D.,Cuffari, Carmelo,Akhuemonkhan, Eboselume,Guerrerio, Anthony L.,Lehmann, Harold,Hutfless, Susan The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.2

Purpose: We examined the prevalence of anemia, annual screening for anemia, and treatment of anemia with iron among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods: A retrospective study of U.S. pediatric patients with IBD was performed in the MarketScan commercial claims database from 2010-2014. Children (ages 1-21) with at least two inpatient or outpatient encounters for IBD who had available lab and pharmacy data were included in the cohort. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria. We used logistic regression to determine differences in screening, incident anemia, and treatment based on age at first IBD encounter and sex. Results: The cohort (n=2,446) included 1,560 Crohn's disease (CD) and 886 ulcerative colitis (UC). Approximately, 85% of CD and 81% of UC were screened for anemia. Among those screened, 51% with CD and 43% with UC had anemia. Only 24% of anemia patients with CD and 20% with UC were tested for iron deficiency; 85% were iron deficient. Intravenous (IV) iron was used to treat 4% of CD and 4% UC patients overall and 8% of those with anemia. Conclusion: At least 80% of children with IBD were screened for anemia, although most did not receive follow-up tests for iron deficiency. The 43%-50% prevalence of anemia was consistent with prior studies. Under-treatment with IV iron points to a potential target for quality improvement.

외생균근이 수분결핍된 루브라 오리나무 묘목의 생리활동에 미치는 영향

구창덕,Molina, Randy,Miller, Steven L. 한국임학회 2000 한국산림과학회지 Vol.89 No.4

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings inoculated with Frankia pure cultures were grown in a walk-in growth chamber for sixteen weeks. Half were inoculated with the spores of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Alpova diplophloeus (Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith. The mycorrhizal seedlings were significantly larger than nonmycorrhizal plants in diameter, and nodule and shoot dry weight by 6 to 16% when their heights were very similar. The mycorrhizal effects on water relations of red alder seedlings were explored in a 30 hours water stress. Mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal seedlings did not significantly differ in leaf water potentials, CO₂ exchange rates or N₂-fixation rates during the drought. Our results suggests that A. diplophloeus mycorrhizas increased red alder seedling growth under well-watered conditions but do not affect water relations of the plant under water-stress.

질소와 인산 시비가 루브라 오리나무 ( Alnus rubra Bong . ) 묘목의 외생균근발달과 질소고정 및 생장에 미치는 영향

구창덕(Chang Duck Koo),(Randolph J . Molina),(Steven L . Miller),(Ching Y . Li) 한국산림과학회 1996 한국산림과학회지 Vol.85 No.1

Red alder(Alnus rubra Bong.) seedlings inoculated with Frankia only or both Frankia and spores of Alpova diplophloeus(Zeller & Dodge) Trappe & Smith were grown in a greenhouse for ten weeks. The ten-week-old seedlings were fertilized with six nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertility regimes (no fertilization, 10mM NH₄NO₃, 50mM NH₄NO₃, 5mM KH₂PO₄, 10mM NH₄NO₃+5mM KH₂PO₄, and 50mM NH₄NO₃+5mM KH₂PO₄) three times a week for ten weeks. The higher N-fertilization significantly increased mycorrhiza formation by greenhouse contaminant mycorrhizal fungi, but decreased N-fixation and P concentration in nodule tissues. P-fertilization significantly increased nodule and shoot dry weight, and P concentration in plant tissues. When N was highly fertilized, however, the P-fertilization effect disappeared in nodule P concentration but doubled in leaf P concentration. A. diplophloeus inoculation significantly increased diameter growth and CO₂ exchange rate, but decreased leaf dry weight. Our results suggest that the higher N- or P-fertilization affect nitrogenase activity and mycorrhizal development but the effects are changed by their interactions.

Effect of Water Stress on Ectomycorrhizal Development and Growth of Alnus rubra Seedlings

Chang-Duck Koo(구창덕),Randy Molina,Steven L. Miller,James M.Trappe 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

Historical review of occupational exposures and cancer risks in medical radiation workers.

Linet, Martha S,Kim, Kwang Pyo,Miller, Donald L,Kleinerman, Ruth A,Simon, Steven L,Berrington de Gonzalez, Amy Academic Press 2010 Radiation research Vol.174 No.6

<P>Epidemiological studies of medical radiation workers have found excess risks of leukemia, skin and female breast cancer in those employed before 1950 but little consistent evidence of cancer risk increases subsequently. Occupational radiation-related dose-response data and recent and lifetime cancer risk data are limited for radiologists and radiologic technologists and lacking for physicians and technologists performing fluoroscopically guided procedures. Survey data demonstrate that occupational doses to radiologists and radiologic technologists have declined over time. Eighty mostly small studies of cardiologists and fewer studies of other physicians reveal that effective doses to physicians per interventional procedure vary by more than an order of magnitude. For medical radiation workers, there is an urgent need to expand the limited information on average annual, time-trend and organ doses from occupational radiation exposures and to assess lifetime cancer risks of these workers. For physicians and technologists performing interventional procedures, more information about occupational doses should be collected and long-term follow-up studies of cancer and other serious disease risks should be initiated. Such studies will help optimize standardized protocols for radiologic procedures, determine whether current radiation protection measures for medical radiation workers are adequate, provide guidance on cancer screening needs, and yield valuable insights on cancer risks associated with chronic radiation exposure.</P>

Effect of Water Stress on Ectomycorrhizal Development and Growth of Alnus rubra Seedlings

Koo, Chang-Duck,Molina, Randy,Miller, Steven L.,Trappe, James M. 한국토양비료학회 2001 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.34 No.4

수분 스트레스가 루브라오리나무(Alnus rubra) 묘목의 균근(Alpova diplophloeus) 발달과 생장에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 5일 주기의 수분 스트레스를 10주 동안 처리한 결과 A. diplophloeus 균근의 형성, 묘목의 생리활동 및 생장이 감소하였다. A. diplophloeus 균근균이 접종된 묘목과 접종되지 않은 묘목은 수분 스트레스에 관계없이 생리활동이나 생장에서 차이가 없었다. 질소고정활동은 탄소동화작용보다 수분스트레스에 덜 민감하였다. 이 결과는 수분스트레스 상태에서 A. diplophloeus 균근은 오리나무의 적응도(fitness)에 기여하지 못함을 의미한다. The effects of water stress on the development of Alpova dipiophloeus ectomycorrhizas and on the growth of nodulated Alnus rubra Bong seedlings were investigated. Five-day cyclic water stress significantly decreased the ectomycorrhizal development and the seedling growth. However, A. diplophloeus inoculated seedlings did not significantly differ from the non-inoculated seedlings in the growth and physiological activities under both well watered and water stressed conditions. $N_2$-fixation was less sensitive than $CO_2$ fixation to water stress. We conclude that under water stress conditions A. diplophloeus mycorrhizas do not contribute to the fitness of red alder seedlings.