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Approaching the assessment of ageing bridge infrastructure
Boller, Christian,Starke, Peter,Dobmann, Gerd,Kuo, Chen-Ming,Kuo, Chung-Hsin Techno-Press 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.3
In many of the industrialized countries an increasing amount of infrastructure is ageing. This has become specifically critical to bridges which are a major asset with respect to keeping an economy alive. Life of this infrastructure is scattering but often little quantifiable information is known with respect to its damage condition. This article describes how a damage tolerance approach used in aviation today may even be applied to civil infrastructure in the sense that operational life can be applied in the context of modern life cycle management. This can be applied for steel structures as a complete process where much of the damage accumulation behavior is known and may even be adopted to concrete structures in principle, where much of the missing knowledge in damage accumulation has to be substituted by enhanced inspection. This enhanced and continuous inspection can be achieved through robotic systems in a first approach as well as built in sensors in the sense of structural health monitoring (SHM).
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Dale Ding,Robert M. Starke,Avery J. Evans,Mary E. Jensen,Kenneth C. Liu 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.2
Treatment of giant intracranial aneurysms, via either surgical or endovascularapproaches, is associated with a high level of technical difficulty aswell as a high rate of treatment-related morbidity and mortality. Flow-divertingstents, such as the Pipeline embolization device (PED), have drasticallyaltered the therapeutic strategies for the treatment of giant aneurysms. Gaining endovascular access using a microcatheter to the portion of theparent artery distal to the aneurysm neck is requisite for safe and effectivestent deployment. Giant aneurysms are often associated with vasculartortuosity, which necessitates significant catheter support systems to enablemaneuvering of PEDs across the aneurysm neck. This is also requiredin order to reduce the probability of stent herniation within giantaneurysms. We report on a case of a giant supraclinoid internal carotidartery (ICA) aneurysm which was treated successfully with a PED utilizinga balloon anchor technique to facilitate direct microcatheter access acrossthe aneurysm neck.
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Surgical Approaches for Symptomatic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations of the Thalamus and Brainstem
Dale Ding,Robert M. Starke,R. Webster Crowley,Kenneth C. Liu 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2017 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.19 No.1
Objective:Surgical resection of thalamic and brainstem cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) is associated with significant operative morbidity, but it may be outweighed, in some cases, by the neurological damage from recurrent hemorrhage in these eloquent areas. The goals of this retrospective cohort study are to describe the technical nuances of surgical approaches and determine the postoperative outcomes for CCMs of the thalamus and brainstem. Materials and Methods:We reviewed an institutional database of patients harboring thalamic or brainstem CCMs, who underwent surgical resection from 2010 to 2014. The baseline and follow-up neuroimaging and clinical findings of each patient and the operative details of each case were evaluated. Results:A total of eight patients, including two with thalamic and six with brainstem CCMs, were included in the study cohort. All patients had progressive neurological deterioration from recurrent CCM hemorrhage, and the median modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at presentation was 3. The median CCM maximum diameter and volume were 1.7 cm and 1.8 cm3, respectively. The thalamic CCMs were resected using the anterior transcallosal transchoroidal and supracerebellar infratentorial approaches each in one case (13%). The brainstem CCMs were resected using the retrosigmoid and suboccipital trans-cerebellomedullary fissure approaches each in three cases (38%). After a median follow-up of 11.5 months, all patients were neurologically stable or improved, with a median mRS of 2. The rate of functional independence (mRS 0-2) was 63%. Conclusion : Microneurosurgical techniques and approaches can be safely and effectively employed for the management of thalamic and brainstem CCMs in appropriately selected patients.
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Approaching the assessment of ageing bridge infrastructure
Christian Boller,Peter Starke,Gerd Dobmann,Chen-Ming Kuo,Chung-Hsin Kuo 국제구조공학회 2015 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.15 No.3
In many of the industrialized countries an increasing amount of infrastructure is ageing. This hasbecome specifically critical to bridges which are a major asset with respect to keeping an economy alive. Life of this infrastructure is scattering but often little quantifiable information is known with respect to itsdamage condition. This article describes how a damage tolerance approach used in aviation today may evenbe applied to civil infrastructure in the sense that operational life can be applied in the context of modern lifecycle management. This can be applied for steel structures as a complete process where much of the damageaccumulation behavior is known and may even be adopted to concrete structures in principle, where much ofthe missing knowledge in damage accumulation has to be substituted by enhanced inspection. Thisenhanced and continuous inspection can be achieved through robotic systems in a first approach as well asbuilt in sensors in the sense of structural health monitoring (SHM).
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Dale Ding,Robert M. Starke,Kenneth C. Liu 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2014 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.16 No.1
Treatment of giant posterior circulation aneurysms, via endovascular or microsurgical approaches, carries a high risk of morbidity and mortality. While flow-diverting stents (FDSs) represent a potent therapy for endovascular reconstruction of complex aneurysms, they are also associated with novel complications for which effective salvage techniques are lacking. We present a unique complication from failed treatment with a FDS. A 51 year-old male presented with increasing headaches secondary to a giant, fusiform aneurysm of the left posterior cerebral artery, which was largely thrombosed. Due to progressive enlargement of the aneurysm corresponding to worsening clinical symptoms, the lesion was treated with two Pipeline embolization devices (ev3, Plymouth, MN, United States). Three months after Pipeline embolization device treatment, complete posterior cerebral artery occlusion was observed at the origin of the proximal stent. Despite the lack of arterial inflow, the aneurysm dome continued to grow, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus. Therefore microsurgical intervention was undertaken to trap and excise the aneurysm. The patient's postoperative course was complicated by multiple venous infarcts, ultimately resulting in death. Successful microsurgical obliteration of aneurysms previously treated with FDSs is extremely difficult. A combination of judicious preoperative planning and meticulous intraoperative surgical technique are requisite for effective management of these complicated cases.
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Dale Ding,Colin J. Przybylowski,Robert M. Starke,R. Webster Crowley,Kenneth C. Liu 대한뇌혈관외과학회 2017 Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neuros Vol.19 No.2
Large lobar intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) can cause rapid neurological deterioration, and affected patients have low rates of survival and functional independence. Currently, the role of surgical intervention in the management patients with lobar ICHs is controversial. Minimally invasive technologies have been developed which may potentially decrease the operative morbidity of ICH surgery. The aim of this case report is to describe the technical aspects of the use of a novel minimally invasive endoport system, the BrainPath (NICO, Indianapolis, IN, USA), through an eyebrow incision for evacuation of a large lobar hematoma. An 84-year-old female presented with a left frontal ICH, measuring 7.5 cm in maximal diameter and 81 cm3 in volume, secondary to cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Through a left eyebrow incision, a miniature modified orbitozygomatic craniotomy was performed, which allowed endoport cannulation of the hematoma from a lateral subfrontal cortical entry point. Endoport-assisted hematoma evacuation resulted in nearly 90% volume reduction and improvement of the patient's functional status at clinical follow-up. We found that minimally invasive endoport technology can be employed in conjunction with conventional neurosurgical skull base principles to achieve safe and effective evacuation of large lobar hematomas in carefully selected patients.
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The Arabidopsis vacuolar malate channel is a member of the ALMT family
Kovermann, Peter,Meyer, Stefan,Hö,rtensteiner, Stefan,Picco, Cristiana,Scholz-Starke, Joachim,Ravera, Silvia,Lee, Youngsook,Martinoia, Enrico Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2007 The Plant journal Vol.52 No.6
<P>Summary</P><P>In plants, malate is a central metabolite and fulfills a large number of functions. Vacuolar malate may reach very high concentrations and fluctuate rapidly, whereas cytosolic malate is kept at a constant level allowing optimal metabolism. Recently, a vacuolar malate transporter (<I>Arabidopsis thaliana</I> tonoplast dicarboxylate transporter, <I>At</I>tDT) was identified that did not correspond to the well-characterized vacuolar malate channel. We therefore hypothesized that a member of the aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) gene family could code for a vacuolar malate channel. Using GFP fusion constructs, we could show that <I>At</I>ALMT9 (<I>A. thaliana</I> ALMT9) is targeted to the vacuole. Promoter-GUS fusion constructs demonstrated that this gene is expressed in all organs, but is cell-type specific as GUS activity in leaves was detected nearly exclusively in mesophyll cells. Patch-clamp analysis of an <I>Atalmt9</I> T-DNA insertion mutant exhibited strongly reduced vacuolar malate channel activity. In order to functionally characterize <I>At</I>ALMT9 as a malate channel, we heterologously expressed this gene in tobacco and in oocytes. Overexpression of <I>At</I>ALMT9-GFP in <I>Nicotiana benthamiana</I> leaves strongly enhanced the malate current densities across the mesophyll tonoplasts. Functional expression of <I>At</I>ALMT9 in <I>Xenopus</I> oocytes induced anion currents, which were clearly distinguishable from endogenous oocyte currents. Our results demonstrate that <I>At</I>ALMT9 is a vacuolar malate channel. Deletion mutants for <I>At</I>ALMT9 exhibit only slightly reduced malate content in mesophyll protoplasts and no visible phenotype, indicating that <I>At</I>tDT and the residual malate channel activity are sufficient to sustain the transport activity necessary to regulate the cytosolic malate homeostasis.</P>
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Raman spectra of epitaxial graphene on SiC and of epitaxial graphene transferred to SiO2.
Lee, Dong Su,Riedl, Christian,Krauss, Benjamin,von Klitzing, Klaus,Starke, Ulrich,Smet, Jurgen H American Chemical Society 2008 Nano letters Vol.8 No.12
<P>Raman spectra were measured for mono-, bi-, and trilayer graphene grown on SiC by solid state graphitization, whereby the number of layers was preassigned by angle-resolved ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy. It was found that the only unambiguous fingerprint in Raman spectroscopy to identify the number of layers for graphene on SiC(0001) is the line width of the 2D (or D*) peak. The Raman spectra of epitaxial graphene show significant differences as compared to micromechanically cleaved graphene obtained from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystals. The G peak is found to be blue-shifted. The 2D peak does not exhibit any obvious shoulder structures, but it is much broader and almost resembles a single-peak even for multilayers. Flakes of epitaxial graphene were transferred from SiC onto SiO2 for further Raman studies. A comparison of the Raman data obtained for graphene on SiC with data for epitaxial graphene transferred to SiO2 reveals that the G peak blue-shift is clearly due to the SiC substrate. The broadened 2D peak however stems from the graphene structure itself and not from the substrate.</P>
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