Elektronische Kompensationskalorimetrie als Verfahren zur Messung von Quantenwirkungsgraden und zur Unterscheidung verschiedener nichtstrahlender Zerfallsprozesse in Laserkristallen

Stark, Eberhard [s.n.] 1983 국내박사

Isolierung und Charakterisierung der Thylakoidmembranen von Rhodopseudomonas viridis

Stark, Wilhelm [s.n.] 1984 국내박사

Photochemische intramolekulare Alkylierung als Zugang zu neuartigen Kohlenhydratstrukturen

Stark, Markus Universit¨at Hamburg 1998 국내박사

ALTERNATIVE RAINFOREST ECONOMIES OF MALUKU, INDONESIA : A REPLY TO THE "WILD YAM HYPOTHESIS" FROM THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD (FORAGING)

STARK, KENNETH JAMES University of Hawaii 1996 해외박사

Spatial and temporal dynamics of influenza

Stark, James H University of Pittsburgh 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Despite the significant amount of research conducted on the epidemiology of seasonal influenza, the patterns in the annual oscillations of influenza epidemics have not been fully described or understood. Furthermore, the current understanding of the intrinsic properties of influenza epidemics is limited by the geographic scales used to evaluate the data. Analyses conducted at larger spatial scales may potentially conceal local trends in disease structure which may reveal the effect of population structure or environmental factors on disease spread. By using influenza incidence data from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and United States influenza mortality data, this dissertation characterizes seasonal influenza epidemics, evaluates factors that drive local influenza epidemics, and provides an initial assessment in how administrative borders influence surveillance for local and regional influenza epidemics. Evidence of spatial heterogeneity existed in the distribution of influenza epidemics for Pennsylvania counties resulting in a cluster of elevated incidence in the South Central region of the state that persisted during the entire study period (2003-2009). Lower monthly precipitation levels during the influenza season (OR = 0.52, P = 0.0319), fewer residents over age 64 (OR = 0.27, P = 0.01) and fewer residents with more than a high school education (OR = 0.76, P = 0.0148) were significantly associated with membership in this cluster. In addition, significant synchrony in the timing of epidemics existed across the entire state and decayed with distance (regional correlation rho = 62%). Synchrony as a function of population size displayed evidence of hierarchical spread with more synchronized epidemics occurring among the most populated counties. A gravity model describing movement between two populations was the best predictor of influenza spread suggesting that non-routine and leisure travel drive local epidemics. Within the United States, clusters of epidemic synchronization existed, most notably in densely populated regions where connectivity is stronger. Observation of county and state epidemic clusters highlights the importance and necessity of correctly identifying the ontologic unit of epidemicity for influenza and other diseases. Recognition of the appropriate geographic unit to implement effective surveillance and prevention methods can strengthen the public health response and minimize inefficient mechanisms.

The effect of full-day kindergarten on test scores in grade five

Stark, Kathleen M Temple University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to provide the administrators and members of the Board of Education of the Hazleton Area School District in northeastern Pennsylvania with a longitudinal study of the effect of the implementation of a full-day kindergarten program on fifth grade achievement test scores. The independent variables in this study were the length of the school day, gender, and economic status. The study used a sample of students who entered kindergarten in the Hazleton Area School District in the fall of 1993, 1994 or 1995. All those who entered in the fall of 1993 were enrolled in a half-day program while those who entered in 1994 were in a full-day or half-day program depending on the location of their residence. All students who entered kindergarten in the fall of 1995 were enrolled in a full-day kindergarten program. Data were collected using archived student achievement test scores. The test scores were the mathematics and reading subtests of the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) and the Stanford Achievement Test, ninth edition. Analyses of the data revealed that students identified as having low economic status generally scored statistically lower on the PSSA reading and mathematics subtests than the students not identified as having low economic status as determined by Pennsylvania Department of Education guidelines. The students identified as having low economic status who entered school in the fall of 1995 had reading scores that were lower than students not so identified by levels that are statistically significant when analyzed through the use of MANOVAs and ANOVAs. The students of low economic status who entered the full-day program in 1994 had higher reading and mathematics averages than those not so identified with the females having the highest scores. In the other cohorts, the females not eligible for free or reduced lunch service had higher reading than mathematics scores while the males not eligible for free or reduced lunch and the males and females identified as having low economic status had higher mathematics scores than reading scores.

The Search for Supersymmetry in Hadronic Final States Using Boosted Object Reconstruction

Stark, Giordon Holtsberg ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) operates at the highest energy scales ever artificially created in particle collision experiments with a center-of-mass energy "the square root of"s = 13 TeV. In addition, the high luminosity allows the unique opp.

Perceived benefits of group music therapy for breast cancer survivors: Mood, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life

Stark, Jody Conradi Michigan State University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

There are currently an estimated 2.6 million breast cancer survivors living in the United States, with over 90% having survived more than five years (American Cancer Society, 2012). Survival rates have been increasing since 1990 due to improved early detection and methods of treatment; however, women in the first-year of post-treatment survival continue to experience quality of life needs in physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains. Studies demonstrate the effectiveness of music therapy during cancer treatment for pain and procedural anxiety, distraction, and increased relaxation (Bradt, Dileo, Grocke, & Magill, 2011), but there remains a need for research on the effects of music therapy during the post-treatment experience of cancer survivors. The initial purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of a music therapy group intervention on mood, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Study aims were (a) to examine the effect of group music therapy on the overall quality of life of breast cancer survivors in post-treatment survivorship; (b) to determine the differential effects of group music therapy on the quality of life domains of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being; and (c) to examine whether the intervention effects were sustained over time. The music therapy group intervention was six weekly 90-minute sessions, incorporating both active (music making, such as singing or instrument playing, music improvisation, and improvisatory songwriting) and receptive (music listening, music-assisted relaxation, and forms of music with guided imagery) techniques. Originally, the research sought to use an experimental design with repeated measures throughout the treatment protocol of 6 weeks and at 2-week follow-up, using inferential statistical analysis of the dependent variables between and within groups for the criterion measures: Profile of Mood States - Short Form (POMS-SF), Quality of Life - Cancer Survivors (QOL-CS), and Coping Resources Inventory (CRI); however, the reality that the recruitment yielded only three participants required a shift in emphasis using qualitative data, originally gathered for more anecdotal purposes. The qualitative data acquired through the Music Therapy Questionnaire and session videotapes provided evidence of perceived treatment benefits noted by the women in the study, as well as the researcher. Major themes gleaned from these data through qualitative approaches suggested that (1) The impact of cancer affected all aspects of quality of life and extended into survivorship; (2) Participants preferred silence during cancer treatment and/or used music listening to impact mood and express emotions during cancer treatment and recovery; (3) Music therapy techniques increased self-awareness, emotional expression and insight, leading to therapeutic growth and change; and (4) Participation in music therapy group provided social support and validation, enhanced coping skills, and served as an outlet for emotional expression. These findings support the efficacy of a music therapy group intervention on mood, psychosocial well-being and quality of life for three breast cancer survivors who were participants in the study. Positive benefits were documented for all quality of life domains, including physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being, and were sustained at least over a short-term period of time. These findings further suggest implications for the field of music therapy concerning service delivery in the treatment and aftercare of cancer patients. Interpretations of these findings suggest (1) the importance of aftercare and cancer survivorship services; (2) the power of music and the need for its informed therapeutic application; and (3) the impact of group support and potential effectiveness of short-term music therapy groups.

The role of temporal construal in understanding the processes that underlie the framing effect

Stark, Emily Nichole University of Minnesota 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

Although the principle that people are risk-averse when making decisions involving potential gains but risk-seeking when considering potential losses has been strongly supported (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981), the processes underlying the framing effect are not well understood. Most researchers (Kuhberger, 1998) only measure preference for a certain or uncertain (risky) option, rather than examining psychological processes that may account for these preferences. The current research applies construal level theory (CLT, Trope & Liberman, 2003) as a way of understanding whether participants are thinking about framed options in an abstract (high-level) or detailed (low-level) manner, and how construal of the options relates to choice. In Study 1, participants read two decision scenarios with certain and uncertain options framed as gains or losses, and indicated how they construed those options. Results did not show strong influences of either frame or option type (certain or uncertain) on how options were construed. In Study 2, the temporal distance of the decision scenario was manipulated such that the scenario was presented as occurring in either two weeks (near temporal distance) or in several years (far temporal distance). In the near condition, options were construed at a lower level than in the far condition. Also, gain-framed options were construed at a lower level than loss-framed options, and certain options were construed at a lower level than uncertain options. Neither temporal distance nor construal of options related to choice. In Study 3, participants were directly instructed to construe options at a high or low level. However, this manipulation did not affect how options were construed, and again, there was no relation between construal and choice. These findings are discussed in terms of understanding construal of options in a decision-making domain. Also discussed are issues of measurement of construal in this domain.

Developing lymphoblastoid cell line models for pharmacogenomic studies of anticancer agents in an African population

Stark, Amy L The University of Chicago 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

Lymphoblastoid cell line models in pharmacogenomics are a vital discovery tool and can be used to discover pharmacogenomic markers for clinical evaluation. In some cases, LCLs are used in discovery work; however, LCLs also provide a model system to manipulate gene expression to better understand its role in cellular susceptibility to drugs. The ever-evolving pathway of discovery, replication, and functional work can alternate between cell lines and clinical trials, each with their own advantages and limitations. HapMap LCLs enable different worldwide populations to be studied in pharmacogenomics. In order to most effectively utilize these cell lines, evaluating and understanding potential confounding variables is essential. The work presented here evaluates cellular growth rate, baseline EBV copy number, and ATP levels and identified cellular growth as an important confounding variable as well as a heritable trait. Cellular growth rate, therefore, can be used to inform subsequent pharmacogenomic studies and genome-wide association studies. The studies in this thesis focus on pharmacogenomic discovery work in LCLs derived from the Yoruba population from Ibadan, Nigeria. Cell growth inhibition to 7 chemotherapeutics, cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide, daunorubicin, pemetrexed, cytarabine, and 5'-deoxyfluorouridine (pro-drug of capecitabine), was analyzed for association with over 2 million SNPs. One SNP associated with cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, rs17115814, which was also a local and distant eQTL for target genes also correlated with cisplatin sensitivity led to functional experiments. Functional follow-up implicates PRPF39 in modulating cisplatin sensitivity through downstream expression modification.