문화대혁명(文化大革命) 시기 광서(廣西) 무선현(武宣縣)의 파벌투쟁과 식인(食人)

구소영 ( Ku¸ Soyoung ) 중국사학회 2021 中國史硏究 Vol.- No.134

In this article, I explored that the political causes of cannibalism in Wuxuan, Guangxi, China between spring and summer 1968. Wuxuan’s cannibalism was not just the result of the decisions of some leaders in the center of the Chinese Communist Party or intermediate leaders of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In addition, it cannot be seen only by the decision of the perpetrators, such as cadres of Wuxuan County and each district, and members of 'the Alliance Command'. It should be understood as a result of the interaction between the central and autonomous districts, prefectures, and districts on the literary situation of Guangxi Autonomous Region at the time. The center of China stimulated slaughter and cannibalism by defining the forces that denied the Revolutionary Committee as "enemies" of the counter-revolution and justifying attacks on them. In addition, the leaders of Preparation Group of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Revolutionary Committee and Armed Forces Department attempted to achieve important ideological or political purposes by inducing many people to participate in attacks against those perceived as "class enemies" by stigmatizing political rivals by fabricating the "Anti-Communist National Salvation Army in Guangxi". In the meantime, the perpetrators of Wuxuan devised slaughter and cannibalism as the final solution that was very effective in preventive suppression of the current entire social group or members. Therefore, the strategic goals of the leaders of the central and Guangxi autonomous districts of China and the situational pressure of Wuxuan County interacted, acting as a strong motive for Wuxuan cannibalism in 1968.

Induction of autophagy by oleifolioside A in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells

An So-Young,An Hyun-Kyu,Kim Kyoung-Sook,Lee Young-Choon,Kim Seok-Ho 한국응용생명화학회 2023 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.66 No.-

In current study, we addressed the anti-cancer effect of oleifolioside A and its mechanism on the regulation of cell death in HCT-116 human colorectal cancer cells. Oleifolioside A inhibited HCT-116 cell proliferation and caused apoptosis associated with sequential activation of caspases 8 and 3, followed by PARP cleavage. Moreover, anti-LC3-positive granules and the increased LC3-II level were observed in HCT-116 cells treated with oleifolioside A, which is the specific characteristics of autophagy. Treatment of autophagy inhibiors, 3-MA and Wort, markedly accelerated the cell death by oleifolioside A and, furthermore, knockdown of Beclin-1 and Atg7 using shRNA increased oleifolioside A-induced apoptosis, suggesting a cytoprotective function of autophagy against oleifolioside A-triggered apoptosis. Treatment of HCT-116 cells with oleifolioside A time-dependently activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Oleifolioside A-induced autophagy was dramatically inhibited by pretreatment with an ERK inhibitor, U0126, which resulted in a marked reduction in cell viability. These findings indicate that oleifolioside A induce autophagy through ERK activation in HCT-116 cells and that autophagy suppression enhances apoptosis induced by oleifolioside A.

Prediction of the Clinical Outcome of Pediatric Moyamoya Disease With Postoperative Basal/Acetazolamide Stress Brain Perfusion SPECT After Revascularization Surgery

So, Young,Lee, Ho-Young,Kim, Seung-Ki,Lee, Jae Sung,Wang, Kyu-Chang,Cho, Byung-Kyu,Kang, Eunjoo,Lee, Dong Soo Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2005 Stroke Vol.36 No.7

<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We evaluated whether basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT performed after revascularization surgery can predict the further clinical outcome of patients with pediatric moyamoya disease. METHODS: A total of 77 (31 males, 46 females, age 6.6+/-3.2 years) patients with postoperative pediatric moyamoya disease who underwent basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT 6 to 12 months after revascularization surgery and who were followed-up >12 months after SPECT were included. Mean follow-up period after SPECT was 36+/-19 months. Sixty-two patients underwent bilateral ribbon encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis (EDAS), 14 bilateral EDAS, and 1 unilateral EDAS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis using 5 independent variables (infarction on preoperative MRI, age at the first operation, highest Suzuki stage on cerebral angiography, and regional cerebrovascular reserve on postoperative SPECT) against postoperative clinical outcomes was performed. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients had preserved reserve on postoperative SPECT and their clinical outcomes were excellent (30), good (15), fair (4), and poor (2); 26 patients had decreased reserve (excellent, 1; good, 7; fair, 14; poor, 4). On ordinal logistic regression analysis, age at the first operation (P=0.033) and reserve on postoperative SPECT (P<0.001) were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Basal/acetazolamide stress brain perfusion SPECT performed at 6 to 12 months after the indirect bypass operation could predict the further clinical outcome of pediatric patients with moyamoya disease. Patients with decreased cerebrovascular reserve will have remaining neurological deficit and ischemic attacks on follow-up.</P>

Determination of the optimal time for radioiodine therapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma using the adenovirus-mediated transfer of sodium iodide symporter gene

SO, YOUNG,LEE, YONG JIN,LEE, WON WOO,CHUNG, JUNE-KEY Spandidos Publications 2013 ONCOLOGY REPORTS Vol.29 No.4

Detection of skeletal muscle metastasis: torso FDG PET-CT versus contrast-enhanced chest or abdomen CT

So, Young,Yi, Jeong Geun,Song, Inyoung,Lee, Won Woo,Chung, Hyun Woo,Park, Jeong Hee,Moon, Sung Gyu Acta Radiologica 2015 Acta radiologica Vol.56 No.7

Transcription of human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) is downregulated by curcumin through AMPK signaling in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells

An So-Young,Kim Kyoung-Sook,Lee Young-Choon,Kim Seok-Ho 한국유전학회 2023 Genes & Genomics Vol.45 No.7

Background In this study, we observed that in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells mRNA level of the human β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (hST6Gal I) was decreased by curcumin. FACS analysis using the α2,6-sialyl-specific lectin (SNA) also showed a noticeable decrease in binding to SNA by curcumin. Objective To investigate the mechanism for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription. Methods The mRNA levels of nine kinds of hST genes were assessed by RT-PCR after curcumin was treated in HCT116 cells. The level of hST6Gal I product on cell surface was examined by flow cytometry analysis. Luciferase reporter plasmids with 5’-deleted constructs and mutants of the hST6Gal I promoter were transiently transfected into HCT116 cells, and the luciferase activity was measured after treatment with curcumin. Results Curcumin led to significant transcriptional repression of the hST6Gal I promoter. Promoter analysis using deletion mutants proved that the − 303 to − 189 region of the hST6Gal I promoter is required for transcriptional repression in response to curcumin. Among putative binding sites for transcription factors IK2, GATA1, TCF12, TAL1/E2A, SPT, and SL1 in this region, by site-directed mutagenesis analysis the TAL/E2A binding site (nucleotides − 266/− 246) was proved to be crucial for curcumin-triggered downregulation of hST6Gal I transcription in HCT116 cells. The transcription activity of hST6Gal I gene in HCT116 cells was markedly suppressed by compound C, an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. Conclusion These indicate that gene expression of hST6Gal I in HCT116 cells is controlled through AMPK/TAL/E2A signal pathway.

피아노 교육에 있어서 피아노 교사들의 테크놀로지 도구 사용과 인식 조사

오소영 ( Oh¸ So Young ) 한국피아노교수법학회 2015 음악교수법연구 Vol.15 No.-

현대사회의 과학기술 발전은 교육 환경에 큰 변화를 가져다주었다. 이 변화는 인문, 과학, 예술 분야를 가리지 않고 테크놀로지를 융합한 학문 또는 테크놀로지를 활용한 학문으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 피아노 교육에 테크놀로지가 얼마나 적용되고 있는지 교사의 인식과 실제 활용 실태에 대해 알아보고자 한다. 연구자는 피아노 교사 295명에게 테크놀로지 도구 사용에 대한 인식, 사용하고 있는 도구의 종류, 학생의 연령과 학습수준에 따른 테크놀로지 도구의 종류 등을 설문조사하여 얻어낸 결과를 통계프로그램 SAS를 통해 분석하였다. 그 결과, 피아노 레슨에 테크놀로지 도구를 사용하고 있는 교사는 52.2%였고, 테크놀로지 도구 사용에 대해 긍정적으로 응답한 교사는 51.2%였다. 교사들은 연령과 학습수준을 통틀어 시청각 자료인 유튜브가 가장 적합하다고 생각하고 있으며, 실제로 가장 많이 쓰고 있는 도구는 CD플레이어였다. 그리고 교사의 테크놀로지 도구 사용에 대한 개선과 발전을 위해 테크놀로지 도구의 활용에 관한 교육과 정보의 제공이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. The development of science and technology in the contemporary society brought a considerable change in the environment of education. This change appears in various fields including the humanities, science, and art as a study converging technology or a study applying technology. Hence, this research aims to identify to what extent the technology is employed in the education of piano by exploring the teachers’ perception and current state of actual application. The survey was conducted targeting 295 piano teachers with regard to the perception on the use of technological devices, the types of devices in use, the type of technological devices according to the students’ ages and learning level, etc. and the findings were analyzed through SAS statistical software. The results show that 52.2% of the teachers are using the technological devices in their piano lessons and 51.2% replied positively about the use of technological devices. Concerning the age and the learning level as a whole, the teachers consider that the audio and visual material of YouTube is most appropriate while the most frequently used device was a CD player. In addition, it deemed necessary to provide education and information relevant to the application of technological devices in order to improve and develop the ways that teachers use technological devices.

공손한 거절

이소영 ( Lee¸ So-young ) 한국독일어교육학회 2020 외국어로서의 독일어 Vol.47 No.-

일상적으로 일어나는 언어적 상호작용에서 특히 어려운 과제 중 하나가 ‘공손한 거절’일 것이다. 상대방의 기분을 상하게 하지 않으면서도 분명한 거절의 의사를 효과적으로 전달해야하기 때문이다. Bonacchi(2011)는 독일과 이탈리아, 그리고 폴란드어의 모어화자들을 대상으로 언어에 나타나는 공손성을 상호문화적 관점에서 연구하였다. 그는 연구를 위해 특히 공손한 거절을 하기 위한 언어적 관행과 그에 대한 화자들의 판단을 설문조사를 통해 알아보고 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 유럽 언어문화권 안에서도 공손성을 표현하는 언어적 관행과 평가는 상이하게 나타난다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본고에서는 이와 비교하여 한국어 화자들의 공손 관행과 판단을 알아보기 위해 설문조사를 하고 분석하는 방식으로 연구를 진행하였다. 분석 결과 한국어 화자들은 폴란드어와 이탈리아어 화자들과 마찬가지로, 사실 중심적이기보다는 관계 중심적으로 상호작용하는 것을 선호하는 것으로 나타났으며, 상대방에게 거절하기 위해 그의 행위공간을 급속히 축소시키는 것을 지양하는 성향을 갖고 있는 것으로 보였다. 이러한 이유로, 공손한 거절을 위해서는 상대방과의 상호작용을 통해 점차로 서로의 행위공간을 조절해가는 방식으로 대화를 진행한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본고에서는 이러한 설문조사 결과의 분석을 통해서 한국어 모어 화자들의 공손성에서 중요한 규범과 금기를 제안하는 시도를 하였다. Eine der besonders schwierigen Aufgaben, bei alltäglichen verbalen Interaktionen, ist die “höfliche Verweigerung”. Dies liegt daran, dass man klare Absicht der Verweigerung effektiv äußern muss, ohne unhöflich zu sein. Bonacchi(2011) untersuchte die Höflichkeit der Sprache aus der Perspektive des Interkulturalismus und richtete sich an Muttersprachler aus Deutschland, Italien und Polen. Für ihre Forschung untersuchte und analysierte sie die Sprachpraxis für höfliche Verweigerung und die Meinungen von Sprechern darüber durch eine Umfrage. In der vorliegenden Forschung wurde auch eine Umfrage durchgeführt und analysiert, um die höflichen Handlungen und Urteile der koreanischsprachigen Muttersprachler im Vergleich herauszufinden. Als Ergebnis der Analyse wurde festgestellt, dass koreanisch sprechende Menschen ebenso wie polnische und italienische Muttersprachler es vorziehen, eher beziehungsorientiert als sachenorientiert zu interagieren, und die Tendenz haben, den Handlungsspielraum vom interaktiven Partner nicht rasch zu verkleinern. Während des Verweigerungsprozesses ist daher zu erkennen, dass das Gespräch so abläuft, dass der Handlungsraum des anderen durch Interaktion mit dem Gesprächspartner schrittweise angepasst wird.

Exploring Innovative Teaching Methods in University Major Courses through the Synergy of AI and HI

Soyoung Lee(Soyoung Lee),Sangyun Ahn(Sangyun Ahn) J-INSTITUTE 2024 Robotics & AI Ethics Vol.9 No.-

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore innovative teaching methods to enhance the effectiveness of university major courses which is “Service interview practice ll” through the synergy between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Intelligence (HI). To achieve this, a quality management system for the curriculum was established based on the ADDIE model, and the direction for curriculum improvement was presented through learner needs analysis and the setting of learning objectives. The study aims to contribute to the development of learner-centered curricula by effectively utilizing AI technologies. Method: This research was conducted by analyzing a course that took place over one semester. Following the ADDIE model, the course syllabus was reviewed, and improvement points were derived based on student evaluations. The researcher utilized AI tools to generate course plans and assessment criteria, collecting various responses in the process to ultimately select the most suitable outcomes. This methodology facilitated a collaborative approach between AI and HI. Results: The analysis of the course syllabus revealed that overall course objectives, as well as the concepts of coaching by instructors, peer coaching, and self-coaching, were clearly articulated, and assessment criteria were strengthened. Notably, the introduction of results-oriented goal-setting allowed students to conduct self-assessments after midterm exams through discussions with instructors, thereby establishing a framework to monitor learner progress. The assessment methods were divided into external and internal evaluations, providing a foundation for more systematic and specific feedback. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for continuous enhancement of teaching effectiveness through collaboration between AI and HI. It particularly suggests that the design of major courses should enable learners to acquire competency-based skills, highlighting the necessity for the development and improvement of diverse teaching methods. Future research should seek ways to improve classes by leveraging the various functionalities of AI and expanding the possibilities of generative AI. These efforts will ultimately contribute to enhancing the quality of higher education.

Anne Riceʼs Vampire Myth and Its Gothic Tradition

Soyoung Lee 국제언어인문학회 2010 인문언어 Vol.12 No.2

Anne Rice's Vampire Myth and Its Gothic Tradition Soyoung Lee (Sangmyung University) Before the familiar image of Count Dracula was immortalized in literary world during the nineteenth-century, the origin of vampires would be traced back to the far-distant, unknowable past. The vampiric being used to be omnipresent in the human world both in terms of time and place; Bram Stoker created a new type of vampire who was disarmed by dropping old vampiric images such as horror and fear. Genealogically, Anne Rice's vampires, Louis and Lestat, succeeds Count Dracula; they are imbued with Romantic idealism and Decadent spirit, rather than the Medieval images. All Gothic elements such as the fantastic, imaginative, immoral, irrational and negative are associated with the Romantic pioneer, Lord Byron. With his work “The Giaour,” he created the first figure in English literature, representing the paradoxical qualities as a Gothic villain-hero. That is, Lestat echoes Dracula, and Dracula echoes Giaour as ‘Byronic Heroes.’ Understanding the social, moral and literary context covers how Rice's vampires embrace generic and aesthetic Romantic conventions. Gothic spirit celebrates the sublime, which is associated with excessive emotions first, and then, with the supernatural, sensational and superstitious fancies. Excessive emotions erase the proper limits of order, and obscure the boundaries of life: Gothic transgressions bring both an overflow of strong creative force and a fear of moral collapse. Endless inquiries about God and Devil, sexual debauchery, the incestuous relationship, and the game-like killing touch the bottom of corruptible fin de siecle notions. As asserted by Horace Walpole, the Gothic spirit is more related with ‘spreading a pleasure’ than ‘producing a lesson.’ A number of the Victorian writers, however, happily adopted the realism techniques based upon probability in life. The majority of Victorian writers wanted to portray their world as it were: exotic settings were displaced with more familiar realms such as the bourgeois domestic world or the new urban landscape. This is also adopted by Anne Rice to portray her vampiric atmosphere in terms of a compromise between the simple, detailed description and the imaginative expansion in writing. Anne Rice, as a Romantic successor to Stoker, sincerely follows Gothic conventions; she also brings her innovative adaptations of these conventions by moving her figures both temporally and spatially. She makes her vampires humanized to bring them into human society. Today, her vampires are not marginal any more. They are just a bit different from human being, as composites of half-human/half-inhuman entities. They do not convey Victorian issues such as darkness, danger and mystery any more.