북한 형사소송법상의 인권보호 조항과 그 적용사례 : 모성보호 조항을 중심으로

김소라 ( Kim¸ So Ra ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소(구 동국대학교 안보연구소) 2020 북한학연구 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 북한 형사소송법 인권보호 조항 중에서 모성보호 조항을 중심으로 사례를 분석하였다. 북한법의 규범력과 북한 형사소송법 목표(원칙)조항을 통한 내재적 접근법으로 북한 형사소송법 모성보호 조항 적용사례를 분석한 결과, 일반범에 대해 모성보호 조항을 적용하지만, 정치범 유사범(탈북범)에 대해 모성보호 조항을 적용하지 않고, 강제낙태 후 형사절차와 법적처벌(형집행)을 진행하여 형사소송법 목표(원칙)에 따라 모성보호 조항을 차등 적용하고 있음을 확인하였다. This research is to analyze cases focused on the maternity protection clauses among the human rights protection articles of the North Korean Criminal Procedure Act. As the result of analyzing the application cases of the maternity protection clauses(- It was analyzed by using the normative power of the North Korean law and the immanent approach through the purpose clauses of the North Korean Criminal Procedure Act), the maternity protection clauses were applied to general offenders, but the clauses were not applied to similar political offenders (defectors). Criminal procedures and legal punishments were carried out after forced abortion without applying to the clauses to similar political offenders (defectors) It was confirmed that the maternity protection clauses were differentially applied according to the purpose of the North Korean Criminal Procedure Act.

광무양전과 방위(方位) 인식

김소라 ( Kim¸ So-ra ) 대구사학회 2020 대구사학 Vol.140 No.-

본고는 충청남도 한산군 4개 마을의 광무양안과 식민지기 토지대장, 지적도를 비교 분석하여 양안에 기록된 양전 방향과 四標의 의미, 역할에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 조선은 물론 대한제국기에도 양안에는 개별 필지의 위치를 나타내는 별도의 지적도가 부기되지 않았다. 대신 매 필지마다 양전 방향과 사표를 동서남북 네 개 방위로 기록해 두었다. 분석 결과 문자로 기록된 양전 방향이 이웃한 두 개 필지간의 실제 위치관계를 객관적으로 묘사하고 있지 않는 경우가 약 30%에 달했다. 이 경우 사표 역시 비뚤어진 方位를 기준으로 작성되어, 제3자로 하여금 필지의 위치비정을 어렵게 했다. 그럼에도 이들이 4방위만을 활용하며 위치 정보를 텍스트로만 제시했던 것은, 실제 양안의 정보를 사용할 이들 간에는 해당 정보 만으로도 의사소통에 무리가 없었기 때문이었다. 山林天澤 인근에서 남북 축 자체가 재설정되곤 했으나, 이 역시 해당 현장에서 양전 경로를 효율적으로 설계하기 위한 하나의 과정이었다. 결국, 양전 경로와 사표는 해당 정보의 위치를 객관적으로 증빙하기 위한 수단이 아니라 효과적인 양전 수행을 위한 경로 안내의 역할을 담당했던 것이다. This paper examines the indigenous sense of directions in the Chosŏn society by comparing directional records in the Kwangmu Land Registers and the colonial cadastral maps. The analysis shows that although Chosŏn had a detailed 24-directional system, only the four-cardinal-points were used for the Kwangmu land survey. The accuracy of cardinal information of the Kwangmu registers was not high, and the axis of north-south was readjusted near the natural terrains. However, this was not just a mistake, but a result of a flexible sense of directions in the society. The realism was the most important, which made records for someone who will be in the same environment with the surveyors. For them, it was no matter whether a third party can find the exact location of each land piece. (Ph.D. Candidate, Korean History Department, Seoul National University / sorakhis@naver.com)

쓰기 윤리로서의 ‘인용’ 교육 내용 개선 방안 연구-2015 개정 교육과정과 중학교 국어 교과서 분석을 중심으로

이소라 ( Lee¸ So-ra ),류수경 ( Ryu¸ Su-kyeong ) 청람어문교육학회 2021 청람어문교육 Vol.- No.83

본고는 2015 개정 교육과정과 중학교 국어 교과서에 나타난 쓰기 윤리 교육으로서의 인용 교육 내용을 비판적으로 분석하여 교육 내용 개선 방안을 제시하였다. 쓰기 윤리와 인용 교육에 관한 2009 개정 교육과정과 2015 개정 교육과정을 분석한 결과 전반적으로 쓰기 윤리 교육의 비중이 축소되고 쓰기 기능보다 태도 측면을 강조하여 교과서와 교수·학습으로 구현될 때 쓰기 윤리 태도가 쓰기 윤리 실천으로 이어지기 어려운 문제가 나타났다. 2015 개정 중학교 국어 교과서에서 쓰기 윤리로서의 인용은 소략하게 다루어지고 있었다. 인용의 개념은 당위적 측면에서 원칙 중심으로 제시되며, 인용의 방법적 측면은 명시적이기보다 간접적인 방식으로 드러나는 경향이 있었다. 또한 인용의 전략적 활용에 관한 내용은 거의 다루어지지 않았다. 이에 본고는 쓰기 윤리로서의 인용 교육 관련하여 교육 내용 및 교과서 측면에서 개선방안을 제안하였다. The purpose of the present study is to improve the educational contents oft quotation for ethical writing in primary, secondary school. To achieve the goal, the study analyzes middle school textbooks developed according to 2015 revised national curriculum and focuses on ‘quotation’ because it is a typical method for ethical writing. The study suggests that we should consider sequencing educational contents of quotation in primary and secondary school. To help students write ethically, the purpose of quotation and the methods for quotation should be described in textbooks. We need Explicit activities are required for students to quorate correctly and write ethically. It should be linked to other language activities.

mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens is critical for promoting resilience to chronic stress

Shin, Sora,Kwon, Obin,Kang, Jee In,Kwon, Somin,Oh, Sora,Choi, Jiwon,Kim, Chul Hoon,Kim, Dong Goo NATURE AMERICA 2015 NATURE NEUROSCIENCE Vol.18 No.7

Resilience to aversive events has a central role in determining whether stress leads to the development of depression. mGluR5 has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, but the effect of mGluR5 activity on stress resilience remains unexplored. We found that mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> (also known as Grm5<SUP>−/−</SUP>) mice displayed more depression-like behaviors (for example, learned helplessness, social withdrawal and anhedonia) than control mice following exposure to various stressful stimuli. Lentiviral 'rescue' of mGluR5 in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) decreased these depression-like behaviors in mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. In the NAc, ΔFosB, whose induction promotes stress resilience, failed to be upregulated by stress in mGluR5<SUP>−/−</SUP> mice. Notably, targeted pharmacological activation of mGluR5 in the NAc increased ΔFosB expression. Our findings point to an essential role for mGluR5 in promoting stress resilience and suggest that a defect in mGluR5-mediated signaling in the NAc may represent an endophenotype for stress-induced depression.

DNA barcoding of the stem borer, Stathmopoda spp. (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae)

Sora Kim,Wonhoon Lee,Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

The mitochondrial COI gene has proven successful for identifying the lepidopteran species. In addition, this gene has been applied to recognize cryptic species and confirm a polyphagous species as one species. However, it has been also reported misidentification in the COI gene. As a result, some researchers have suggested the use of additional genes in species identification, especially, nuclear genes. In this study, we observed that a nuclear EF1agene is better than the mitochondrial COI gene in recognizing Stathmopoda species. For example, among the all species, 47 individuals of nine species, a large intraspecific pairwise difference were detected, up to 15.0% in universal barcoding regions of the COI gene, 22.0% in other part of the COI gene; however, 2.0% in EF1a. In contrast, Stathmopoda sp2 and S. commoda were separated into several clusters in each different COI regions, and some individuals of S. auriferella and S. commoda, were closer to each other separating from the cluster of the same species. But, we get clear results from the EF1a, Stathmopoda species well clustered and could be distinguished.

The System of Radiation Dose Assessment and Dose Conversion Coeffcients in the ICRP and FGR

Sora Kim,Byung-Il Min,Kihyun Park,Byung-Mo Yang,Kyung-Suk Suh 대한방사선방어학회 2016 방사선방어학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Background: The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommendations and the Federal Guidance Report (FGR) published by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been widely applied worldwide in the fields of radiation protection and dose assessment. The dose conversion coeffcients of the ICRP and FGR are widely used for assessing exposure doses. However, before the coeffcients are used, the user must thoroughly understand the derivation process of the coeffcients to ensure that they are used appropriately in the evaluation. Materials and Methods: The ICRP provides recommendations to regulatory and advisory agencies, mainly in the form of guidance on the fundamental principles on which appropriate radiological protection can be based. The FGR provides federal and state agencies with technical information to assist their implementation of radiation protection programs for the U.S. population. The system of radiation dose assessment and dose conversion coeffcients in the ICRP and FGR is reviewed in this study. Results and Discussion: A thorough understanding of their background is essential for the proper use of dose conversion coeffcients. The FGR dose assessment system was strongly influenced by the ICRP and the U.S. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), and is hence consistent with those recommendations. Moreover, the ICRP and FGR both used the scientific data reported by Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) and United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) as their primary source of information. The difference between the ICRP and FGR lies in the fact that the ICRP utilized information regarding a population of diverse races, whereas the FGR utilized data on the American population, as its goal was to provide guidelines for radiological protection in the US. Conclusion: The contents of this study are expected to be utilized as basic research material in the areas of radiation protection and dose assessment.

Development of Freshwater Foodchain Model for Calculating Tritium Transfer in Aquatic Organisms in Freshwater Following Nuclear Accident

Sora Kim,Kyung-suk Suh,Byung-Il Min,Kihyun Park,Byung-Mo Yang,Jiyoon Kim 한국방사성폐기물학회 2019 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.2019 No.05

A Study on the Considerations in Introducing Reusable Delivery Packaging

( Sora Yi ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1

As the boycott of waste plastic bag collection by waste disposal services in Seoul and its surrounding cities in April 2018 revealed, Korea is in need of a fundamental solution to reduce waste generation at its source. In particular, active efforts must be made to reduce packaging waste, which takes up approximately 30% of the municipal waste (34% in terms of weight, 50% in terms of volume) generated in Korea. Meanwhile, more and more people are making their purchases through online channels, causing a rapid increase in packaging waste, which calls for a close review of the status and problems of retail packaging materials as well as a plan for reducing the use of packaging. In 2018, the number of retail packages delivered via courier in Korea increased by 9.6% year-on-year to 2,542.78 million packages, and on average, Koreans use package delivery services 49.1 times a year per capita. Under Korea’s Comprehensive Measures for Recycled Waste Management announced on May 8, 2018, whose major goals include establishing guidelines for packaging materials and improving the regulations to reduce overpackaging, additional policies need to be developed to control the use of delivery packaging materials and promote their reuse. Also, a legal basis needs to be established to introduce new regulations on delivery packaging materials. In this context, this study reviews the problems and considerations in implementing reusable delivery packaging as shown in Table 1. Five aspects are considered concerning the introduction of reusable delivery packaging, namely, the costs involved in reusing the packaging materials including the retrieval and cleaning of packaging materials, delivery packaging design, the establishment of appropriate logistics systems, the hygienic management of reusable delivery packaging, and the involvement of consumers and industries.

Upcycling strategies for waste electronic and electrical equipment based on material flow analysis

Sora Yi,Hisun Lee,Jeongmin Lee,Woong Kim 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.1

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as “the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value.” Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.

Acoustic Performance Enhancement in PVDF Speakers by Using Buckled Nanospring Carbon Nanotubes

Sora Ham,Won Kook Choi,Yun Jae Lee,Jung-Hyuk Kim,Sung-Ryong Kim 한국센서학회 2019 센서학회지 Vol.28 No.6

A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based film speaker is successfully fabricated with enhanced bass sound by incorporating buckled nanospring carbon nanotubes (NS-CNTs) as fillers. Various concentrations up to 1–7 wt% of uniformly dispersed buckled NS-CNTs are loaded to increase the beta (β)-phase fraction, crystallinity, and dielectric constant of the speaker, and this results in the bass part enhancement of about 19 dB full scale (dBFS) at 7 wt% filler loading of the piezoelectric film speaker.