북한문학과 근대성

김형수 국립7개대학공동논문집간행위원회 2004 人文學論叢 Vol.4 No.-

The discussion North Korean literature has to be begun from researching its modernity. The realization of the modernity for the North Korean socialism is propeled by Kim Ilsungism, North Korean predominant ideology. Therefore, the study for Kim Ilsungism is the first work of the discussion of the North Korean literature. The Kim Ilsungism has based on Juche ideology. But, not like Juche ideology as a doctrine for a human being, the Kim Ilsungism has took its root in the doctrine for the head. This means that the Kim Ilsungism is a kind of identical logic which is concentrative itself with never accepting other thought. This identical logic is a product of making Kim Ilsung as national philosophical subject with desiring for establishment of solitary controlling system. With putting Juche ideology into Kim Ilsung himself, he makes his position to the top as the object which has absolute powered. This is the right reason why people has not been the subject of the history. The Kim Ilsungism emphasize that the modernity of North Korean socialism through the reconstruction of human being, society and nature has to be actualized by only its boos, Kim Ilsung. As this reason, I stand on my opinion that the discussion of the North Korean literature has to set its starting on researching Kim Ilsungism.

클럽 샤프트(Club Shaft) 특성에 따른 골프 스윙(Golf Swing)동작 분석

김성일,김기형,김형수,이현섭,김진욱,안찬규,김희진 한국운동역학회 2002 한국운동역학회지 Vol.12 No.2

본 연구는 클럽 샤프트의 대표적인 재질인 그라파이트(graphite)의 유연한(flexible) 클럽 샤프트(club shaft)의 특성에 따라 피험자가 운동학적(kinematics) 요인이 되는 관절의 각변위, 각속도, 각가속도, 클럽헤드의 속도와 가속도와 같은 변인들이 어떻게 적응하는지 비교 분석하여 보다 효율적인 드라이버 선택에 도움을 주며 샤프트 특성에 따른 신체관절의 움직임에 대한 자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 고속 카메라 2대의 속도는 500fps로 하였고 각 regylar,stiff, x-stiff, 자신의 클럽을 포함 각 4개의 클럽을 사용하여 각 클럽당 3번씩 촬영하였으며 목표방향에서 20m이상 벗어나는 경우의 촬영은 다시 촬영하였다. 본 연구에서는 디지타이징(digitizing)을 신체 9개 마커는 강체로 가정된 클럽과 신체분절 모델로 정의하였으며 2 대의 카메라(500fps)로부터 얻은 avi화일을 컴퓨터에 저장하고 자료로부터 Butterworth 6th order recursive digital filter를 사용하여 1차 자료를 smoothing 하고 DLT를 이용하여 3차원 좌표를 구성하도록 한다. 좌표값을 얻기 위하여 kwon3d v3.0을 이용하였다. 본 실험은 피험자 스스로 클럽의 특성에 따라 스윙의 속도를 달리 하기 때문에 스윙의 시간이 달라지며 어느 정도 클럽이 강성에 따라 스윙시간이 빨라지는 결과로 나타났다. 이것은 피험자가 샤프트가 강성(stiffness)에 따라 스윙 속도를 빨리 하게 되는 원인이 되는 것으로 생각된다. 어깨의 각변위는 클럽이 regular의 경우 임팩트에서 각속도를 계속 유지하고 있으며 stiff, x-stiff의 경우에는 어깨의 움직임이 임팩트에서 급격하게 감소되는 것을 알 수 있다. 이것은 팔의 동작과 클럽의 힘을 크게 하기 위한 동작으로 생각된다. 어깨 각속도는 클럽이 stiff할수록 각속도가 큰 감속하는 것으로 나타났다. 손목속도는 regular 클럽의 경우 손목의 감속이 늦게 되고 임팩트에서 손목의 감속이 적게 하는 것으로 나타났으며 stiff와 x-stiff의 클럽에서 임팩트 시에 순간적인 감가속으로 인해 클럽의 속도를 증가시키고 있다. 임팩트 시에 손목의 감가속은 클럽헤드의 임팩트 시 속도를 증가시키는 결과를 보였다. 클럽헤드는 regular 클럽이 임팩트전에는 속도 증가가 커지는 결과와 일치된 결과를 보이고 있다. The purpose of this study was to find the rational method to analyze golf swing with specific property of club shaft. Three subjects were filmed by two high speed digital cameras with 500fps. The phase analyzed was downswing of each subject. The three-dimensional coordinates of the anatomical landmarks were obtained with motion analysis system Kwon3d 3.0 version and smoothed by lowpass digital filter with cutoff frequency 6Hz. From these data, kinematic and kinetic variables were calculated using Matlab(ver 5.0) The variables for this study were angular velocity and accelerations, which were calculated and following conclusions have been made : 1) Golf swing time of stiff club is faster than that of regular club. 2) In shoulder joint motion of swing with the stiff club, x-stiff showed mort rapid negative acceleration than that of regular club. 3) In regular club, the velocity of club head would be more effective velocity, which was increasing, than those of other clubs before impact. 4) In wrist joint motion of swing with stiff club, x-stiff club showed faster than regular club in the downswing and impact more rapid negative acceleration.

Consonant gemination and glide strengthening in Lugamda : A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their interaction

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1993 언어학 Vol.1 No.-

Hyung-Soo Kim(1993), Consonant gemination and glide strengthening In Luganda: A theoretical analysis of two universal phonological processes and their Interaction Linguistics, vol 1. Theoretical Phonology maintains that rules used in description and explanation of language must be universal, belonging to the set of universal phonological processes. This conception of phonological explanation is applied to the analysis of geminate consonants in West Germanic, Italian, and Luganda (Eastern Bantu). Analysis of West Germanic and Italian data illustrates the relative phonological strength on parameters, the Inertial Development Principle, and a universal condition that stipulates preferential application of consonant gemination in sufficiently strong environment. Analysis of Luganda data reveals how the universal processes of consonant gemination and glide strengthening interact to produce previously unexplained consonant-cum-geminate clusters. In addition, it shows that consonant gemination in Luganda occurs essentially under the sanle condition as in West Germanic and Italian, thus refuting the .p!$os claim by Clements (1986) that Luganda gemination occurs as a result of compensatory lengthening of consonant. `ham concluded that Luganda gemination is not an isolated case of oompensatory 'consonant' lengthening but its application is governed by the universal conditions on consonant gemination, occurring, as in West Germanic and Italian consonant gemination, in contiguity with a sufficiently strong resonant consonant.

장기간의 에어로빅스 운동이 골형성 및 각종 호르몬과의 상관관계

김종인,김은희,김주혁,김수진,김도형,장성동 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

Selected girl mid㎗e school of 14- and 15- years-old who got 35% body fat rate and are obese, and have them aerobics exercise for 20 weeks, the conclusion on the matter of change between Osteoporosis and Hormones showed. The contents of Calcium has significant difference(p<.05) between 9.38±0.34㎎/㎗ pre-exercise and 9.34±0.29㎎/㎗ post-exercise, and the contents of Glucose has significant difference (p<.05) between 78.0±5.38㎎/㎗ pre-exercise and 81.3±5.91㎎/㎗ post-exercise. parathyroid hormone (PTH) is shown as 11.2±3.06pg/㎖ at pre-exercise arid 13.8± 4.41pg/㎖ at post-exercise, hyperparathyroidism and osteoporosis (Osteocalcin) is shown as 6.04±3.56ng/㎖ at pre-exercise and 5.29±4.92ng/㎖ at post exercise, there is no significant difference. Deoxypyridinoline is shown as like 8.18±2.43nM/mMcre pre-exercise arid 9.97±2.76nM/mMcre post-exercise, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which has an effect on the born disease, is shown 229.7±61.66[U/㎖ pre-exercise and 224.3±8.27 [U/㎖ post-exercise, there is significant difference(p<.0l). There is significant difference (p<.05) between Growth Hormone and Parathyroid hormone(PTH) which is bone absorption hormone, the Osteocalcin which is the mark of born-formation, there is no significant difference among the index of born formation mark, lipid, and hormones.

Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000)

Hyung-Soo Kim 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.1

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 2002. Underlying representations in glide formation in Korean: A reply to Cho (2000). Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.1. 65-83. One of the most recalcitrant problems in Korean phonology has been the explanation of the irregular continuative form wa<oa ""come[continuative]""(cf inf. o-ta) where, unlike verbs such as poa, pwa ""see[continuative]""(cf. inf. po-ta), glide formation occurs obligatorily without compensatory lengthening. In Kim (1999) it has been proposed that the exceptional behavior of the verb 0- can be most aptly explained by positing its underlying form as WΛ, whose stem vowel drops before a vowel-initial ending but contracts with the preceding W to become 0 before a consonant-initial suffix. Cho (2000), however, has criticized this analysis as being too opaque, employing a synchronically unmotivated underlying representation. This paper responds to her criticism by reviewing and revaluating all of the underlying representations posited in previous analyses while offering additional arguments for the abstract underlying form WΛ. (Jeonju University)

부산지역 수돗물과 지하수의 중금속 농도

김준연,손지언,김형수,김두희,원미숙,김인식,이혜령 동아대학교 산업의학연구소 2000 산업의학연구소 논총 Vol.- No.5

This study investigated mean airborne CO concention of 15 workplaces, suspected of CO exposure and conducted self-reported questionnaire completion and indirect COHb concentration measure using Micro II Smokerlyzer to healthy 702 adult subjects from 1999 May to 1999 September in order to find a relation of CO exposure and occupational factors, socioeconomic factors, and health related behaviors and confirm the related conditions in the screening test for CO exposure. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of the smokers were 2.55±0.96% and 2.21±0.97% and that got a statistically significant difference, There were not statistically significant differences in the age and total smoking index. Passed times after the last smoking, Working time/day, and working duration were statistically significant difference (p〈0.05). 2. In the CO exposed and non exposed group, COHb concentrations of non-smoking group were 0.94±0.35% and 0.68±0.47% and that got a statistically significant difference. There were not statistically significant differences in the age and working duration but Working time/day was a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 3. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple regression of the smokers was 38.5 % and passed time after the last smoking, working time/day, and job category were statistically significant differences (p〈0.05). And r-square in the CO non-exposed group was 38.3 % and age, passed time after the last smoking, and total smoking index were statistically significant difference. 4. In the CO exposed group, r-square of multiple repression of the non-smokers was 66.3% and job category and airborne CO concentration were statistically significant differences(p〈0.05). But r-square of non-smokers in the CO non-exposed group was 1.0% and there was not a statistically significant difference(p〈0.05). 5. In the smokers of CO exposed and non exposed groups, relation of COHb concentration and passed time after the last smoking was expressed as exponential function, Y = 2.9182e-0.0083x and r-square of this function was 37.4%. Therefore it was more than 150 minutes that passed time after the last smoking was when COHb concentrations were measured as less than 1%. In conclusion, variable, that was statistically significant to COHb concentraion in the both CO exposed and non-exposed smokers, was a passed time after the last smoking. We suggest that you have to restrict the smoking of smokers at least 150 minutes in the exposed and non exposed group before COHb concentration measure in order to exclude smoking effects

인천지역 TDI 노출 작업자에서 직업성천식 유병율

김형렬,김철우,홍윤철,전형준,김치년,김현수,이지나,신주연,고동희,노재훈 大韓産業醫學會 2004 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : TDI는 직업성천식을 일으키는 대표적인 물질로 알려져 있다. 과거 TDI에 노출된 작업자들의 천식 발생률을 5~6%가량 보고하였고, 국내에서도 2-20%에 이르는 유병율을 보고한바 있다. 작업환경이 많이 개선되고, 노출량이 감소된 최근에도 TDI에 의한 직업성천식에 대한 보고가 많이 이루어지고 있어, 이에 대한 적극적인 조사와 진단과정을 통해 유병율을 구하고 질병발생의 변화양상을 파악해 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 인천지역에서 특수건강진단을 수행하는 2개 기관의 TDI 노출 근로자 400여명 중, 사업장의 규모가 50인 이상이며 사업주가 연구진행을 허락한 사업장에서 근무하는 근로자 중 직접적으로 TDI에 노출되는 작업에 종사하는 근로자 170명을 연구대상으로 하였다. 이들에 대해 설문지와 산업의학의사의 면담을 통한 작업관련성 평가를 근거로 정밀대상자를 선정하고 이들에 대해 메타콜린 유발시험, TDI 유발시험 등을 수행하여 직업성천식을 확인하였다. 결과 : 설문조사 결과 11명이 직업과 관련하여 천식증상을 보이는 것으로 나타났고(6.9%), 이중 7명에서 메타콜린 유발검사 양성소견을 보였다. TDI에 의한 특이유발시험 결과 1명에서 양성반응이 나타나, 이 집단에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율은 0.58%였다. 결론 : 과거 국내연구에서 TDI에 의한 직업성천식의 유병율이 2~20%에 이르렀던 데 비해, 본 연구에서는 0.58%로 나타났다. 이는 국외 논문에서도 나타나는 경향으로 작업장 노출량 감소로 점차 발생률이 감소하는 양상을 보이고 있다. 그러나 이미 증상이 나타난 근로자들이 부서를 옮기거나, 직장을 그만둠으로 인해 그 유병율이 과소평가되었을 가능성도 있다고 판단된다. Objecdives: This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of isocyanate-induced occupational asthma in toluene diisocyanate (TDI) exposed workers. Methods: We examined 170 workers who had been directly exposed to TDI through a medical questionnaire, physical examination, and pulmonary function test. Based on screening examination, workers with suspected occupational asthma were selected for further evaluation such as methacholine and TDI challenge tests. Results: Eleven (6.9%) among 170 workers complained of symptoms of occupational asthma. and 7 among these 11 symptomatic workers showed positive responses to the methacholine challenge test (4.1 %). One spray painter was confirmed as having the TDI induced occupational asthma following a positive response to TDI challenge test. Conclusions: The prevalence of TDI-induced asthma was at 0.58% was lower than that for former studies (2-20%). Improved workplace environment, lower level of TDI exposure compared to the past, and the healthy workers effect may have contributed to this low rate of asthma prevalence in workers with TDI exposure.

정형물리치료의 적정 의료보험수가에 관한 연구

김명준,황성수,김호봉,김수형 대한정형물리치료학회 2000 대한정형도수물리치료학회지 Vol.6 No.2

Glide Formation and Compesatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited

Kim Hyung Soo 현대문법학회 1999 현대문법연구 Vol.17 No.-

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Glide Formation and Compensatory Lengthening in Korean Revisited. Studies in Grammar 17, 15-31. This paper reanalyzes three phonological problems in glide formation and compensatory lengthening in Korean: 1) the obligatory glide formation with no compensatory lengthening in wa˘ <*o-a "come", 2) the lack of glide formation in coa <*coh-a "like, not ψcwa (cf. noa, nwa￣ "put"), and 3) the problematic use of global rules in explaining compensatory lengthening in examples such as na￣myen < *nah-imyen "give birth". These problems have been well known in previous analyses whose attempts to provide reasonable explanations have all failed. In this paper novel solutions to them are offered by making use of etymological reconstruction and preferential conditions on rules and the Principles governing their operation in Theoretical Phonology. In particular, the first problem is solved by reconstructing the underlying form of the verb o- "come" as *wΛ, whose stem vowel elides before vowel initial endings but undergoes contraction with the preceding w to become o: *wΛ-a >wa˘ but *wΛ-ta>ota. For the second and third problems, two new theoretical concepts are introduced to explain the rule ordering paradox and the use of global rules: 1) the principle of rule interruption that partially identical rules are interruptible and 2) the principle of strength conservation that morphological units such as words and syllables maintain a certain inherently constant strength.

Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited : with special reference to Chibemba

Kim, Hyung Soo 대한언어학회 1999 언어학 Vol.7 No.2

Kim, Hyung-Soo. 1999. Meinhof's Rule in Bantu Revisited. Linguistics 7-2, 183-206. Well known to any Bantu phonologist is Meinhof's Rule, a dissimilation phenomenon observed between two nasal compounds in successive syllables. This paper analyzes application of this rule in Chibemba, a Bantu language spoken in Zambia. Chibemba has been previously classified by Meeussen(1963) and Meinhof(1932) as one of those Bantu languages in which the dissimilation rule occurs under a more limited condition. It is argued that such restriction is unnecessary in light of the data presented by Mann(1977). It is shown that the application of Meinhof's Rule in Chibemba occurs essentially under the same universal condition on dissimilation as in other Bantu languages, for example, Luganda. To place the analysis in proper context, I begin with discussion of Meinhof's Rule as a dissimilation; its interpretation, the mechanism of change, and the rule's condition and reflexes in Bantu languages. (Jeonju University)