Characterization of Interface States in MOS Systems by Using Photonic High-Frequency Capacitance-Voltage Responses

S.J.Song,H.T.Kim,S.S.Chi,M.S.Kim,W.S.Chang,S.D.Cho,H.T.Shin,T.E.Kim,H.J.Kang,D.J.Kim,D.M.Kim 한국물리학회 2002 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.41 No.6

Based on the photonic high-frequency capacitance-voltage response of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors, we report an improved characterization method for the analyzing of interface states in MOS systems. An optical source with a photonic energy $E_{ph}$ = 0.943 eV ($\lambda$ = 1314.5 nm) is employed for photonic deep-depletion (fast sweep rate) high-frequency Capacitance-Voltage (photonic DD HF-CV) characterization of interface states distributed in the photo-responsive energy band. Using the photonic DD HF-CV characterization, we obtained a U-shaped distribution of $D_{it}$ over ($E_V + E_g/2 - q\phi_f) < E_t < (E_V + E_g/2 - q\phi_f + q\phi_S$) for N-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors and ($E_C - E_g/2 - q\phi_f + q\phi_S) < E_t < (E_C - E_g/2 - q\phi_f$) for P-type Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor capacitors.

Publisher Correction: Direct imaging of the electron liquid at oxide interfaces

Song, Kyung,Ryu, Sangwoo,Lee, Hyungwoo,Paudel, Tula R.,Koch, Christoph T.,Park, Bumsu,Lee, Ja Kyung,Choi, Si-Young,Kim, Young-Min,Kim, Jong Chan,Jeong, Hu Young,Rzchowski, Mark S.,Tsymbal, Evgeny Y.,E Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Nature nanotechnology Vol.13 No.7

In the version of this Letter originally published, in two instances in Fig. 1 the layers in the cross-sectional view of the (001) interface were incorrectly labelled: in Fig. 1b SrO<SUP>+</SUP> should have read SrO<SUP>0</SUP>; in Fig. 1c LaO<SUP>+</SUP>, AlO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>–</SUP>, LaO<SUP>+</SUP>, TiO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>0</SUP>, SrO<SUP>+</SUP>, TiO<SUB>2</SUB><SUP>0</SUP> should have read LaO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3–</SUP>, Al<SUP>3+</SUP>, LaO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>3–</SUP>, Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>, SrO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>4–</SUP>, Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>. In Fig. 3c the upper-right equation read –σ<SUB>s</SUB> = –e/2a<SUP>2</SUP> but should have read –σ<SUB>s</SUB> = e/2a<SUP>2</SUP> and in Fig. 3f the lower-right equation read –σ<SUB>s</SUB> = –e/2√3a<SUP>2</SUP> but should have read σ<SUB>s</SUB> = –e/2√3a<SUP>2</SUP>. These errors have now been corrected in the online version of the Letter.

Association of Extracellular Cleavage of E-Cadherin Mediated by MMP-7 with HGF-Induced in vitro Invasion in Human Stomach Cancer Cells

Lee, K.H.,Choi, E.Y.,Hyun, M.S.,Jang, B.I.,Kim, T.N.,Kim, S.W.,Song, S.K.,Kim, J.H.,Kim, J.-R. S. Karger AG 2007 European surgical research Vol.39 No.4

<P><I>Background:</I> Proteolytic shedding of the ectodomain of a variety of transmembrane proteins, including cell-to-cell adhesion molecules, has been observed in solid cancers. We have investigated whether extracellular cleavage of E-cadherin mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) is involved in hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) induced in vitro invasion in stomach cancer cells. <I>Methods:</I> The effects of HGF on the expression of E-cadherin/β-catenin and MMP-7 at both the protein and mRNA levels were assessed in stomach cancer cells, NUGC-3 and MKN-28, and in cells in which the expression of MMP-7 was downregulated by transfection with a MMP-7 short hairpin RNA plasmid. <I>Results:</I> Treatment with HGF increased the extracellular cleavage of E-cadherin and the release of MMP-7 and reduced the level of E-cadherin in a dose- and time-dependent manner. HGF treatment repressed the phosphorylation of β-catenin in a Triton-soluble fraction, but enhanced this phosphorylation in a Triton-insoluble fraction. The association of E-cadherin with β-catenin was decreased by HGF treatment in the Triton-soluble fraction. In addition, treatment of MMP-7 short hairpin RNA transfected NUGC-3 cells with HGF resulted in no extracellular cleavage of E-cadherin and also decreased the in vitro cell invasion. <I>Conclusions:</I> These results suggest that incubation with HGF mediated the release of MMP-7, resulting in extracellular cleavage of E-cadherin from stomach cancer cells. This might be a key mechanism in HGF-induced in vitro invasion and metastasis.</P><P>Copyright © 2007 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

A noncanonical E-box enhancer drives mouse Period2 circadian oscillations in vivo

Yoo, S.-H.,Ko, C. H.,Lowrey, P. L.,Buhr, E. D.,Song, E.-j.,Chang, S.,Yoo, O. J.,Yamazaki, S.,Lee, C.,Takahashi, J. S. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2005 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.102 No.7

<P>The mouse Period2 (mPer2) locus is an essential negative-feedback element of the mammalian circadian-clock mechanism. Recent work has shown that mPer2 circadian gene expression persists in both central and peripheral tissues. Here, we analyze the mouse mPer2 promoter and identify a circadian enhancer (E2) with a noncanonical 5'-CACGTT-3' E-box located 20 bp upstream of the mPer2 transcription start site. The E2 enhancer accounts for most circadian transcriptional drive of the mPer2 locus by CLOCK:BMAL1, is a major site of DNaseI hypersensitivity in this region, and is constitutively bound by a transcriptional complex containing the CLOCK protein. Importantly, the E2 enhancer is sufficient to drive self-sustained circadian rhythms of luciferase activity in central and peripheral tissues from mPer2-E2::Luciferase transgenic mice with tissue-specific phase and period characteristics. Last, genetic analysis with mutations in Clock and Bmal1 shows that the E2 enhancer is a target of CLOCK and BMAL1 in vivo.</P>

Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

Haider, M.G.,Chowdhury, E.H.,Khan, M.A.H.N.A.,Hossain, M.T.,Rahman, M.S.,Song, H.J.,Hossain, M.M. The Korean Society of Poultry Science 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

이 실험은 추백리의 병원성을 연구하고자 2006년 2월부터 12월까지 Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum 야외주를 분리한 후, 이를 건강한 닭에 실험적으로 감염시킨 다음 임상증상, 여러 기관의 육안 및 조직병리학적 검색과 아울러 공격주의 재분리와 동정을 시도하였다. S. Pullorum에 혈청학적으로 음성인 12주령의 100수의 암탉을 $A{\sim}E$까지 20수씩 5그룹으로 구분하였다. $A{\sim}DS$. Pullorum을 $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$로 각각 경구 감염시켰고, E는 비감염 대조군으로 삼았다. 실험 방법으로는 부검, 조직병리학적 검사, Salmonella에 대한 세균 배양, 염색, 생화학적 특성을 조사하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in <i>Echinochloa</i> spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches

Zhang, C. J.,Lim, S. H.,Kim, J. W.,Song, J. S.,Yook, M. J.,Nah, G.,Valverde, B. E.,Kim, D. S. Canadian Science Publishing 2015 Canadian journal of plant science. Revue canadienn Vol.95 No.6

<P> Zhang, C. J., Lim, S. H., Kim, J. W., Song, J. S., Yook, M. J., Nah, G., Valverde, N. E. and Kim, D. S. 2015. Quantifying herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa spp. by measuring root length in growth pouches. Can. J. Plant Sci. 95: 1181-1192. The aim of the presented study was to develop a bioassay for rapid diagnosis of herbicide dose-response and resistance in Echinochloa. Pre-germinated seeds of Echinochloa spp. were incubated in growth pouches (18 cm×16.5 cm) containing herbicide solutions in a range of concentrations. Shoot and root lengths were measured after 6 d of incubation. Dose-responses estimated by measuring root lengths in the growth pouches were well-described by the log-logistic dose-response model and similar to those estimated by a whole-plant assay. Accurate dose-response curves were successfully generated for several herbicides with different modes of action, suggesting that the growth pouch method can be used for herbicide bioassays. The suitability of the growth pouch method for rapid diagnosis of acetyl coenzyme-A carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in Echinochloa spp. was also tested. For cyhalofop-butyl, resistant and susceptible biotypes were discriminated at 180-300 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 80-120 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass (E. crus-galli) and late watergrass (E. oryzicola), respectively. For penoxsulam, the discriminatory dosage was 350-500 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for barnyardgrass and 650-1000 mg a.i. L<SUP>−1</SUP> for late watergrass. The method was further used to identify late watergrass biotypes resistant and susceptible to two other ALS inhibitors, azimsulfuron and bispyribac-sodium. Our results show that the growth pouch method can be reliably used in herbicide dose-response studies and to diagnose herbicide resistance in Echinochloa spp., with significant time and cost savings compared with conventional whole-plant assays. </P>

High lipid composition of particulate organic matter in the northern Chukchi Sea, 2011

Kim, B.K.,Lee, J.H.,Yun, M.S.,Joo, H.,Song, H.J.,Yang, E.J.,Chung, K.H.,Kang, S.H.,Lee, S.H. Pergamon Press 2015 Deep-sea research. Part II, Topical studies in oce Vol.120 No.-

We investigated the biochemical compositions (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) of particulate organic matter (POM) as a potential food source in the northern Chukchi Sea. We aimed to understand physiological status of phytoplankton, determine important controlling factors, and estimate the energetic contents of POM. The major inorganic nutrients were generally depleted at upper mixed-layer depth (>20m). The average chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration was 31.9mgm<SUP>-2</SUP> (S.D.=+/-31.3mgm<SUP>-2</SUP>) in this study, significantly higher than that reported previously in the northern Chukchi Sea. Small phytoplankton (0.7-5@?m) accounted for 65.9% of total chl-a concentration. The overall average compositions of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins were 50% (S.D.=+/-10.7%), 35% (S.D.=+/-11.0%), and 15% (S.D.=+/-11.2%) for POM, respectively. Along with other evidence (e.g., low N:P and protein-carbohydrate ratios), the high lipid and low protein compositions of POM in this study suggests that phytoplankton might have had a nitrogen limitation and/or stationary growth phase in the northern Chukchi Sea during the cruise period, 2011. The overall average calorific content of food material (FM) was 149.2μgL<SUP>-1</SUP> (S.D.=+/-36.5μgL<SUP>-1</SUP>) or 1.0Kcalm<SUP>-3</SUP> (S.D.=+/-0.2Kcalm<SUP>-3</SUP>). The relatively higher calorific contents in the northern Chukchi Sea were due to high lipid contributions and the considerably high calorific content of FM per POC.

도시 생활쓰레기 소각시설 주변지역 환경영향조사

송기신,공성호,김대은 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2002 環境科學論文集 Vol.23 No.-

오늘날 산업의 발달과 생활 수준의 향상 및 인구의 도시 집중으로 인한 폐기물의 발생량 증가와 질적인 다양화로 폐기물의 처리문제가 시급한 사회 문제로 대두되고 있다. 문제를 해결하기 위해 쓰레기 소각시설이 설치되고 있으나 쓰레기 소각과정에서 유해한 독성 물질인 Dioxin, SOx, NOx, CO, TSP, Pb등 Heavy Metal이 발생하게 된다. 본 연구는 2000년 상반기·하반기 구분하여 3월, 11월 총 2회를 조사하였으며 서울시에 소재한 Y쓰레기 소각시설 주변지역 3,000m이내에 존재하는 지점별 대기중에 분포한 대기오염물질중 TSP외 9개 항목, 수질오염물질은 BOD외 5개 항목을 조사하였고, 소음과 악취를 같이 조사 및 분석하였다. 조사결과는 본 시설 및 주변지역 TSP 농도분포는 55.4∼153.6㎍/㎡으로서 고르게 분포되었고 인체에 가장 유해한 물질인 PM_10은 최소 33.6㎍/㎡에서 최고 118.6㎍/㎡으로서 서울특별시가 정한 환경기준치를 하회하는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 O₃는 시기별 농도변화를 살펴보면 0.006∼0.0029㎍/㎡까지 농도로 고르게 분포가 되어있는 것을 알 수 있었으며 광화학 반응의 산출물로서 본 시설이 위치한 올림픽대로 및 주변지역의 교통량의 영향에 의해서 발생하는 물질로 추정된다. 대기환경에 유해한 물질로서 여러 가지 물질을 조사하였지만 쓰레기 소각에 의한 영향이 아니고 주로 교통지역에서 발생하는 오염물질로서 다소 영향이 있는 농도로 발생되는 것으로 조사되었다. Disposal matter of waste is the most significant problem today because of increase and variety of waste caused by development of industry, improvement of lifestyle and overpopulating of cities. Although there are waste incineration facilities to solve those problems, these facilities emit toxic materials like Dioxin, SOx, NOx, CO, TSP, Pb as combusting waste. This report examined air, water pollution materials and noise, smell pollution around the Y waste incineration facility two times at 2000 year. The result of this report came out that each concentration of pollution materials is under seoul city's environmental criterions. Because of the regional egoism, reclaimer is difficult to set up from the first foundation to the operation. Now Yang-Chun's resource reclaimer is operated well by the law to promote the foundation of waste treatment facilities and support the around area. And conference group of inhabitants is organized that play a role about the mutual restraining & observation and preserve a complementary relationship for residents and regional development. actually it is successful case in treatment facilities of urban waste.

A Sporadic Case of Ichthyosis Bullosa of Siemens

Choi, G. S Korean Dermatological Association 1997 Annals of Dermatology Vol.9 No.3

The effect of anion-ligand π-stacking interaction on silver(I) extraction by thiaoxa-macrocycles: A search for the evidences by X-ray and NMR approaches

Song, M.R.,Lee, J.E.,Lee, S.Y.,Seo, J.,Park, K.M.,Lee, S.S. Elsevier 2006 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY COMMUNICATIONS Vol.9 No.1

S<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>x</SUB> macrocyclic ligands with (L<SUP>1</SUP>: x=3 and L<SUP>2</SUP>: x=4) and without (L<SUP>3</SUP>: x=3 and L<SUP>4</SUP>: x=4) dibenzo-subunit were employed as extractants. All of the ligands shows silver(I) selectivity and the silver picrate was more extractable with L<SUP>1</SUP> and L<SUP>2</SUP> when compared with L<SUP>3</SUP> and L<SUP>4</SUP>. The enhanced extractability for the silver picrate by L<SUP>1</SUP> and L<SUP>2</SUP> was revealed due to the additional stabilization of the complexes, [Ag(L)picrate], by anion-ligand π-π interaction between the picrate ion and one benzo-subunit in the ligand.