수행평가가 초등학생의 체육학습활동에 미치는 영향

손천택,차인철 한국학교체육학회 1999 한국학교 체육학회지 Vol.9 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 수행평가가 초등학생의 체육수업 참여 행동에 미치는 영향을 규명하는 것으로 줄넘기 단원을 전통적인 평가방법과 수행평가 방법의 수업에 적용, 수업간의 비교 검 증하였다. 첫째, 전통적 평가방법과 수행평가 방법을 적용한 수업간의 학습자의 운동과제 참여시 간, 인지적 참여시간을 변인으로 하여 차이를 분석하였다. 둘째, 학습태도는 체육수업, 교우 관계, 교사에 대한 학생의 생각을 알아보는 것으로 하였다. 셋째, 두 평가방법 모두에게 인지적 평가를 실시하였다 운동과제 참여시간 분석은 각 영역별 관찰 빈도에 대한 백분율을, 학습태도 검사는 빈도분석을, 인지적 사고는 평균값을 구하였다. 본 연구문제의 결론은 첫째, 체육학습에서 학생들의 운동과제 참여시간에 관한 것으로 수행평가방법을 적용한 수업에서 보다 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 학습태도 검사에서 체육학습에 관한 학생들 인식의 변화는 수행평가를 적용한 체육수업에서 체육활동이 생활에 도움이 된다는 긍정적인 반응을 나타냈다. 셋째, 수행평가방법을 적용한 수업에서 학생들이 학습해야할 운동기능의 구조를 인지적으로 정확하게 파악하고 있었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the performance assessment can improve the quality of physical education in elementary schools. Performance assessment and traditional assessment were compared by such comparative factors as motor engaged time, teaming attitude and the level of cognitive thinking. Both performance assessment and traditional assessment were applied to actual classes. Six classes in the 6th grade were sampled, 3 classes for performance assessment and 3 for traditional assessment. On the basis of the analysis of the collected data the following conclusions were drawn; The classes of performance assessment were better than those of traditional assessment in the motor engaged time. Especially, moving and waiting time were low but active cognitive engaged time was very high in the performance assessment classes. And the students in the performance assessment showed lower neglect-teaming attitude than those of traditional assessment classes. The students in the performance assessment classes had better attitude toward physical education and a more friendly relationship with their pent and teachers. The students in the performance assessment classes showed higher level of cognitive thinking than those in the performance assessment classes. In conclusion, performance assessment classes were known to be more efficient than traditional assessment classes in 40-minutes of elementary schools physical education classes.

鍼灸治療의 配穴方法에 對한 考察

孫仁喆 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1992 원광한의학 Vol.2 No.1

An effective method to combinate the meridian point could be said, in this study, as follows: 1. A combination method of the meridian points of connecting meridian is the basic treatment combination point in disease of Meridian. 2. A combination method of the meridian points to mother and child is adapted in the treatment of bowels chiefly, but of Meridian additionally. 3. A combination method of the meridian points in anterior and posterior strengthen the function of the entrails as a mutual response. 4. A combination method of the meridian points in superficial and internal match the Meridian of Yin and Yang, specially the acupuncture of the back. 5. A combination method of the meridian points in upper and lower is to match arms and legs. 6. A combination method of the meridian points in fight and left is to treatment the disease of human bodies by matching the right and left sides effectively. 7. A combination method of the meridian points in far and near is to treatment the near and far side simultaneously. 8. A combination method of the meridian points according to some symptoms treatment the chief side of disease by finding a bad condition of human beings correctly. As above said, the combination method of the meridian points could accept a reactive way fundamentally in accordance with the cause and effect of disease, furthermore match more than two ways.

통합 STEM 교육에 대한 중등 교사의 인식과 요구

이효녕 ( Hyo Nyong Lee ),손동일 ( Dong Il Son ),권혁수 ( Hyuk Soo Kwon ),박경숙 ( Kyung Suk Park ),한인기 ( In Ki Han ),정현일 ( Hyun Il Jung ),이성수 ( Seong Soo Lee ),오희진 ( Hee Jin Oh ),남정철 ( Jung Chul Nam ),오영재 ( Young 한국과학교육학회 2012 한국과학교육학회지 Vol.32 No.1

Educational communities around the world have concentrated on integrative efforts among science, technology, engineering and mathematics (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: STEM) subjects. Korea has focused on integrative education among STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics) school subjects to raise talented human resources in the fields of science and technology. The purpose of this study was to analyze secondary school science, technology, and mathematics teacher`s perceptions and needs toward integrated education and integrative STEM education. A total of 251 secondary school teachers from all areas of the country who have taught science, mathematics, and technology were surveyed by using a self-reported instrument. The findings were as follows: First, teachers have used little integrated education in their classes due to insufficient time in the actual preparation of the integrated education and the lack of expertise, teaching experience, and teaching learning materials for the integrated education, while they have positive thoughts about the need of integrated education. Second, they presented several needs to facilitate the integrated education: development of a variety of integrated programs, school administrative and financial support, and in-service teachers` training. Third, overall perception toward integrated STEM education was not sufficient, but most teachers perceived the need toward integrated STEM education due to students` development in their creativity, thinking skills, and adaptability. Fourth, they perceived that it was imperative to develop the various integrated STEM education programs, distribute the materials, and help STEM teachers` understanding toward integrated STEM education. Fifth, they perceived that the most relevant method to integrate STEM subjects was the problem solving approach. In addition, they appreciate that the integrated STEM education is highly efficient in not only developing integrated problem solving skills and STEM related literacy, but also in positively impacting the rise of talented human resources in the fields of science and technology. In order to increase the awareness of STEM-related secondary school teachers and vitalize the integrated STEM education, it is necessary to develop and spread a variety of programs, effective teaching and learning materials, and teachers` training programs.

폐암 억제유전자 RRM1의 단일염기다형성 검사를 위한 PCR-RFLP법과 Real-Time PCR법의 유용성 비교

정주연 ( Ju Yeon Jeong ),김미란 ( Mi Ran Kim ),손준광 ( Jun Gwang Son ),정종필 ( Jong Pil Jung ),오인재 ( In Jae Oh ),김규식 ( Kyu Sik Kim ),김영철 ( Young Chul Kim ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2007 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.62 No.5

연구배경: 단일염기다형성(Single nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)은 인간의 유전자 서열 1000염기에 1개 빈도로 발견되어 인간은 대략 300만개의 유전자 다형성을 가지고 있다. 이 유전자 다형성의 조합결과로 인간의 개체 간 특성들이 결정되는 것으로 이해되고 있다. 이러한 다형성들의 조합양상에 따라 특이 질환에 대한 유전자 감수성 또한 달라지게 되므로 최근에는 많은 질환들과 유전자 다형성들과의 상관관계를 보는 연구들도 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 이러한 SNP분석은 큰 집단을 대상으로 진행되어지므로 적은 비용으로 정확하게 그리고 대용량으로 분석할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 방법: 대상 환자 89명의 genomic DNA를 가지고서 promotor상에 위치한 -37과 -524 염기부위에서 유전자 다형성을 보이는 것으로 보고되어져 있는 RRM1 (ribonucleotide reductase M1) 유전자를 대상으로 PCR-RFLP(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism)와 real-time PCR(RT- PCR, TaqMan probe assay)을 동시에 시행한 후 각각의 결과를 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 대상 DNA 89예 중 -37에서는 2예(2.17%), -524에서는 15예(16.26%)가 서로 다른 양상을 보였다. 결과 차이를 보인 샘플 17예를 대상으로 직접 염기서열 분석을 시행하여 본 결과, 17예 모두 RT-PCR에서 확인되었던 결과와 일치함을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가 샘플 138예를 대상으로 RT-PCR을 2회 연속 실행하여 genotyping을 해 본 결과 98%이상의 높은 일치율을 보였으며, 그 중 10예를 무작위로 골라 직접 염기서열 분석을 시행하여 본 결과, 역시 100%일치, 높은 정확도를 보였고 이는 in-tube assay 방식으로 샘플의 오염을 최소화 할 수 있었으며 72 well based system(Corbett Research)을 이용함으로 1회 유전자 증폭반응을 통해 많은 검체를 한 번에 확인할 수 있어 매우 빠른 검사방법 이었다. 결론: 큰 집단을 대상으로 다량의 SNP를 분석하기 위한 실험 방법으로는 RT-PCR이 신속하면서도 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있는 방법으로 사료된다. Background: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), which consist of a substitution of a single nucleotide pair, are the most abundant form of genetic variations occurring with a frequency of approximately 1 per 1000 base pairs. SNPs by themselves do not cause disease but can predispose humans to disease, modify the extent or severity of the disease or influence the drug response and treatment efficacy. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), particularly those within the regulatory regions of the genes often influence the expression levels and can modify the disease. Studies examining the associations between SNP and the disease outcome have provided valuable insight into the disease etiology and potential therapeutic intervention. Traditionally, the genotyping of SNPs has been carried out using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP), which is a low throughput technique not amenable for use in large-scale SNP studies. Recently, TaqMan real-time PCR chemistry was adapted for use in allelic discrimination assays. This study validated the accuracy and utility of real-time PCR technology for SNPs genotyping Methods: The SNPs in promoter sequence (-37 and -524) of lung cancer suppressor gene, RRM1 (ribonucleotide reductase M1 subunit) with the genomic DNA samples of 89 subjects were genotyped using both real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP. Results: The discordance rates were 2.2% (2 mismatches) in -37 and 16.3% (15 mismatches) in -524. Auto-direct sequencing of all the mismatched samples(17 cases) were in accord with the genotypes read by real-time PCR. In addition, 138 genomic DNAs were genotyped using real-time PCR in a duplicate manner (two separated assays). Ninety-eight percent of the samples showed concordance between the two assays. Conclusion: Real-time PCR allelic discrimination assays are amenable to high-throughput genotyping and overcome many of the problematic features associated with PCR-RFLP. (Tuberc Respir Dis 2007; 62: 406-416)

Photoreflectance 측정에 의한 In0.1Ga0.9As / GaAs 계면의 특성 조사

이철욱(Chul-Wook Lee),김인수(In-Soo Kim),손정식(Jeong-Sik Son),김동렬(Dong-Lyeul Kim),임재영(Jae-Young Leem),배인호(In-Ho Bae) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1997 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.6 No.3

In_(0.1)Ga_(0.9)As/GaAs의 계면 특성을 상온에서 photoreflectance(PR) 측정을 통하여 연구하였다. 에피층의 두께가 증가함에 따라 PR 신호에서 Franz-Keldysh oscillation(FKO)의 주기가 감소하였고, 계면 전기장은 감소되었다. 이것은 InGaAs와 GaAs의 이종정합계면 부근에서 격자부정합에 의한 결함이 증가되었기 때문으로 생각된다. 에피층의 두께가 300 Å보다 적은 경우 두께가 얇아짐에 따라 InGaAs 층이 임계 두께에 가까워져 strain의 영향으로 밴드갭 에너지가 크게 이동하였다. We studied an interfacial characteristics of In_(0.1)Ga_(0.9)As/GaAs by photoreflectance (PR) measurement at room temperature. With increasing thickness of epitaxial layer, Franz-Keldysh oscillation (FKO) periods of PR signals were decreased, and interfacial electric field was decreased. This can be explained by the increase of defects due to lattice mismatch near the heterointerface between InGaAs and GaAs. For the thickness of epitaxial layer thinner than the 300 Å, InGaAs epitaxial layer closed to critical thickness and increased strain, and then the bandgap energy shifted high energy greatly.

물리시험에 있어서 문항 제시방법에 따른 학생의 반응

강종철,손인석,윤지홍 濟州大學校 師範大學 科學敎育硏究所 1984 科學敎育 Vol.1 No.-

The method of item presntation was consisted of three types in the exa-mination concerning the same unit of study ; descriptive type of question, pictorial type of question, experimental type of questim. Among three types of questions student was allowed to select &answer one type of question which seemed to be favorable to him or her. The result showes that excellent students in achievement have a tendency to choose descrptive type of question, while the rest of the student do not make a clear difference in choosing any type of questions except descriptive type of questions. The research questionnaire also reveales that students are fond of this kind of questions and they respond i t helps improve their study.

사람 위선암에서 cathepsin L의 발현증가

홍원선,홍석일,박인철,손영숙,정훈용,양석균,김해련,민영일 울산대학교 의과대학 1996 울산의대학술지 Vol.5 No.1

cathepsin L은 lysosomal cysteine 단백분해효소로서 기저막(basement membrane)과 세포외기질(extracellular matrix)을 파괴하여 암세포의 침윤과 전이에 중요한 역할을 하는 물질로 알려져 있다. 이러한 cathepsin L에 대한 mRNA 발현도를 5개의 사람 위선암(gastric adenocarcinoma) 세포주와 5명의 위선암 환자에서 채취한 조직에서 방사능으로 표지된 cathepsin L특이 cDNA를 사용한 Northern blot법으로 측정하였다. 위암의 전이병소에서 수립한 세포주인 SNU-5, SNU-16, MKN-45와 Kato Ⅲ에서는 cathepsin L mRNA가 발현되었으나 원발병소에서 수립한 AGS 세포주에서는 mRNA의 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 5명의 위암 환자에서는 원발병소, 전이가 확인된 임파절 및 암 근처 정상 위점막에서 각각 조직을 채취하여 cathepsin L mRNA의 발현을 측정하였다. 원발병소와 전이병소에서는 모두 cathepsin L mRNA가 발현되었으나 정상 위점막조직에서는 전예에서 mRNA 발현이 관찰되지 않았다. 한편 mRNA의 발현도는 1예에서는 전이병소가 원발병소에 비해 높았으나, 2예에서는 전이병소에서 발현도가 낮았으며, 나머지 2예에서는 원발병소와 전이병소 사이에 차이가 없어, 원발병소와 전이병소 사이에 mRNA의 발현도의 일관성 있는 경향은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과는 cathepsin L은 위암의 발생과 진행에 있어 암세포의 침윤과 전이를 촉진하는 것 이외에 또 다른 역할을 할 가능성을 시사하고 있다고 사료된다. Cathepsin L, a lysosomal cysteine protease, is known to play an important role in cancer invasion and metastasis by degrading the components of basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The mRNA expression of cathepsin L was determined by Northern blot analysis using a radiolabeled cDNA specific for cathepsin L in five human gastric adenocarcinoma cell lines and five surgical specimens of primary gastric adenocarcinomas, their metastatic lymph nodes and matched adjacent normal mucosae. The mRNA of cathepsin L was expressed in all of the four cell lines established from the metastatic sites, SNU-5, SNU-16, MKN-45 and Kato Ⅲ, while not detected in one cell line established from the primary site, AGS. The mRNA was expressed in all of the five primary and five metastatic cancer specimens tested, while it was not detected in all matched normal mucosae. The intensities of the mRNA expressions, however, did not show the consistent pattern between primary sites and metastatic lymph nodes. These results suggest that cathepsin L may have the other function in addition to facilitation of the invasion and metastasis during the development and progression of stomach cancer.

단일 처리기간에 의한 들깨의 생육 및 개화조절

최영환,최영훈,강점순,손병구,김용철,최인수,주우홍 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2000 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.4 No.1

It's not uncommon for the amount of leaves to be reduced significantly due to the early differentiation of flower-bud by short-day condition when growing perilla for harvesting the leaves in the greenhouse during the winter. This study analyzed the effect of day-length on the growth and regulation of flowering, which are closely related with differentiation of flower and amount of leaves. Development of new leaf was inhibited by short-day treatment for more than 5 days. As the period of short-day was longer, the effect on the development of new leaf inhibition was more evident. Number of leaves was reduced in both 40 days and 110 days short-day treatments as period of short-day length was longer. Short-day treatment for less than 3 days did not induce flowering, but short-day treatment for more than 5 days induced flowering. As the period of short-day treatment was shorter, percentage of flowering was lower and days to flowering was longer. That is, when treated for 20 days, flowering began in 20 days. Seed weight was reduced as the length of short-day treatment was longer.

불명열 환자에서 진단된 중증 만성 활동성 Epstein-Barr virus 감염증

전경만,김응호,손준성,장현하,정숙인,오원섭,백경란,송재훈,고광철,정철원,고영혜 대한감염학회 2003 감염과 화학요법 Vol.35 No.4

최근 장기적이고 심각한 임상 증상을 유발하는 만성 활동성 EBV 감염증의 개념이 정립되면서 그 증례들이 보고되고 있다. 만성 활동성 EBV 감염증은 소아나 젊은 성인들에게서 주로 발생되며, EBV-VCA IgG, EBV-EA IgG의 수치가 높게 관찰되고, 지속적인 발열, 전신쇠약감, 광범위한 임파선비대증, 간비장비대, 범혈구감소증, 다크론성감마병증을 나타낸다. 이 질환은 환자의 임상소견, 혈액학적 소견, EBV 항체 역가 및 침범 장기의 EBV genome 검출로 확진 되며 치료로 항 바이러스 체제, 항암 치료, 골수이식술 등이 시도되고 있으나 아직 검증되어 있지 않다. 저자들은 불명열을 주소로 내원하여 중증 만성 활동성 EBV 감염증으로 진단된 증례 4례를 경험하였다. 한 례에서는 항 바이러스 제제를 추여 후 임상적, 혈액학적 호전을 보였으나 치료 20일째 발생한 세균성 복막염과 패혈증으로 사망하였고, 두 례에서 총 6회의 CHOP 항암치료와 자가조혈모세포이식을 시행 받은 후 현재까지 증상 없이 추적관찰 중이다. 지속되는 발열을 주소로 내원한 불명열 환자들에게서 EBV에 대한 검사를 시행할 경우 불명열의 원인을 규명하는데 하나의 단서를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is one of eight human herpesvirus. Primary infection with EBV in childhood is generally asymptomatic or mild, however, often causes overt diseases such as infectious mononucleosis (IM) and lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD), the latter occursing in immunologically compromised individuals. Historically, EBV has been considered to be etiologically linked to human malignancies such as EBV genome positive Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Recently, however, another category of EBV-related disease, "chronic active EBV infection", has been made to describe persons without a clearly defined underlying disease. We report 4 cases of patients, presented with episodic fever of unknown origin (FUO), who were diagnosed as severe chronic active EBV infection. A combined application of serology for EBV and in-situ hybridization established the diagnosis of the EBV infection.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.