로고스의 인자론적 해석 : 김기동의 요한복음 서언을 중심으로

손정분 베뢰아국제대학원대학교 2007 국내석사

전통적으로 요한복음 서언의 연구는 로고스를 주제로 해서 활발하게 논의 되어 왔다. 요한복음 신학자들은 통시적 방법론에 입각하여 역사적이고 편집 비평적으로 로고스의 사상적 배경을 연구했다. 그들은 로고스가 헬라 영지주의나, 헬라화된 유대사상, 구약성서 및 외경과 위경, 초대교회의 전승 등에서 영향을 받았는지를 고찰했다. 이를 바탕으로 하여 로고스의 성육신 사상을 다루었다. 서언에서의 로고스 연구는 말씀이 육신이 되신 1:14에 집중되어 왔다. 하나님이 독생자를 보내신 것이 인간을 구원하기 위해서라는 인류 구속사의 틀에서 1:14를 해석한 것이다. 혹자는 1:12의 이름을 영접하는 자에게 주어지는 자녀의 권세로 중심을 옮겨 보지만, 이것 역시 인간 중심적인 안경 안에서 초점만 달리 한 것에 지나지 않는다. 서언은 하나님의 자기 선언과 같은 이미지가 있는데 이것이 요한의 입을 통해서 증거되는 방식이다. 태초에 계신 로고스와 그를 보내신 하나님, 선재하신 로고스와 그 안에 있는 창조주의 생명, 어둠의 주관자도 감히 어쩌지 못하고 물러날 수밖에 없는 그 빛 등에는 인간이 끼어들 틈이 없다. 침례 요한의 증거나 그 이름을 믿음으로써 얻게 되는 자녀의 권세, 아버지의 독생자의 영광 등에서도 하나님의 주권적 역사가 강하다. 인간은 다만 그 예수를 영접함으로서 충만한 은혜를 받으며, 은혜와 진리 안에 거하게 된다. 따라서 이 서언은 히브리적 사고에 입각해서 하나님의 의도에 따라 조명해야 비로소 균형 잡힌 해석에 이를 수 있다. 로고스의 성육신의 궁극적인 목적을 인간이 범죄하는 것과 무관하며, 세상의 속죄나 구원보다 더 광범위한 것일 수 있음을 생각해야 한다. 김기동 신학에서는 성육신의 궁극적인 목적을 아버지와 아들의 관계에서 찾는다. 다시 말해서 태초에 계시는 로고스가 하나님의 후사가 되는 뜻을 성취하기 위해서 죽을 수 있는 몸을 가져야 했다. 하나님의 아들이 만유를 상속받으면 이로써 아들이 영광 받으시고, 아버지는 아들로 말미암아 영광 받으신다. 이 목적 외에 범죄한 천사를 심판하고 마귀에게 속은 인간을 구원하는 하나님의 뜻이 있다. 결국 로고스는 하늘을 상속받는 후사가 되기 위해서 음부에 들어오시고 몸을 취하시지만, 마귀를 심판하고 인간을 구원하는 일까지 감당하신다. 이러한 시각으로 요한복음의 서언을 대하면 인자의 오심에 대한 해석의 지평이 확대된다. 곧 인자 후사론, 인자 마귀 진멸론, 인자 구원론으로 대별할 수 있다. 후사로서의 인자는 만유를 통치하시는 분이며, 하나님의 아들로서의 인자는 마귀를 멸하시는 분이며, 구세주로서의 인자는 인간을 죄에서 구원하신다. 그러니까 요한복음 서언에는 아들을 후사로 앉히시는 아버지의 뜻과, 어두운 세상에 빛으로 오셔서 마귀를 심판하시는 아들의 뜻과, 인간을 구원하기 위해서 대속자로 오시는 그리스도의 뜻이 있다. 서언의 각 구절은 인자의 오심에 대한 삼중적인 의도를 내포하고 있다. 1-3은 로고스와 하나님의 관계를, 4-13은 로고스와 세상의 관계를, 14- 17은 로고스와 교회의 관계를, 그리고 18은 서언의 결론으로서 로고스의 자기 계시를 보여주고 있다. 이렇게 하나님의 경륜을 좇아서 온 자가 바로. 인자이신 예수 그리스도다. Traditionally, the studies of the preface of the book of John have been actively discussed with the theme of Logos. Theologians for the book of John have researched the ideological background about Logos in a historical and edition-critical way, based on diachronic methodology. They have considered how thoughts such as Greek gnosticism, Greek way judaism, the Old Testament, Apocrypha, pseudepigrapha, and the transmission of the early church have influenced on Logos. Under this background, they have dealt with the incarnation theory of Logos. The Study on Logos of the preface has been focused on chapter 1 verse 14, which the word became flesh. They interpreted chapter 1 verse 14 in the frame of mankind redemption, that God sent His one and only Son for the sake of man’s salvation. One tried to interpret the name in 1:12 as the authority given to the children who welcome the name. However, this just changes its point of view a little bit but is not that different from the man-centered glasses. The preface contains the image like the seif-declaration of God, and this is the way to testify though the mouth of John. Logos in the beginning and God who sent him, preexistent Logos and the life of Creator in him, the light which the ruler of darkness, who dare not do anything and cannot help being defeated. There is no gap for man to get in among the follows: God’s sovereign work is strong in the testimony of Baptist John, the authority as children to gain by believing in the name, the glory of the Father’s one and only Son. Man just welcomes Jesus and receive the fullness of grace, dwelling in grace and truth. Therefore, once we illuminate it according to the picture of God’s will based on the Hebrew way of thinking, this preface is able to be interpreted in a well balanced way at last. It is the required consideration that the extreme purpose of Logos’ incarnation is no related to man’s sinning and possible to be broader than redemption and salvation in the world. Ki-Dong Kim theology has found the ultimate purpose of incarnation in the relationship between the Father and the Son. In other words, Logos in the beginning must have had a mortal body in order to fulfill the will to be a God’s heir. When the Son of God inherits all things, the Son is glorified by this and the Father is glorified through the Son. Except of this purpose, there is the will of God: to judge fallen angels and to save man deceived by the devil. Logos eventually entered the Hades in order to be an heir inheriting the heaven, but he handled the work to judge the devil and to save man. Facing the preface of the book of John in this point of view, in terms of coming of the Son of Man, the horizon of interpretation is possible to be extended. That is, the Son of Man’s heir theory, the Son of man’s destruction of the devil, and the Son of Man’s soteriology. The Son of Man as an heir is the ruler of all things, the Son of Man as the Son of God is the destroyer against the devil and the Son of Man as the Savior is the saver for man from sins. Therefore, the preface of the bool of John contains the wills: the Father’s will to appoint the Son as an heir, the Son’s will to judge the devil as the light in the dark world, the will of Christ to come as a redeemer to save man. Each verse in the preface has those threefold intentions when it comes to the coming of the Son of Man. Verses 1 to 3 show the relationship between Logos and God, 4 to 13 between Logos and the world, 14 to 17 between Logos and the church. Verse 18 is the conclusion of the preface to show the self-revelation of Logos. Likewise, it is Jesus Christ, the Son of Man who came according to the dispensation of God.

기독교와 이슬람교의 신관 비교연구 : 기독교적 觀點을 통한 考察

손영광 明知大學校 大學院 1998 국내석사

Today, we reached the circumstances of the age of pluralism of religion. Christians who live in new environment of this times must adap to themselves in pluralistic religious circumstances with other religion man. so, this environment that christians rather meet other religion man than same one, Christians are claimed to know their's and to proclaim the gospel them. In this thesis I will conclude in order to have right perception after solve the misunderstanding between Christianity and Islam through comparitive study in God. Firstly, in a point of view about god's name, 'God' is not made by some special religion but is called a proper name of god of our people from for the first time. since the name is borrowed by christianity when it is transmitted to korea, and the expansion of understanding of the conception of God of Christinity, and it became a case of the name of God of christianity be for private used at present. The name 'God', in propagation of Islam to korea and process of translation of quran, the God's name that Allah translate into God by English is not very problem to be used God by korean. but to be used the same meaning is cause of the misunderstanding and the dispute, because it is a distinct different between Christianity and Islam, that the former is Trinity Only God and the latter is Only Monotheism. To be considered, in Arabic and English regions at present, generally the trend of Muslims are intend to use Allah instead of God as they written by English, also to be for private use god's name of Christianity. So I assert to translate Islamic god's name Allah into Allah by Korean. of course, it is considered that christians in Arabic regions write Allah when they god's name by Arabic. Secondly, in concept of God, Trinity of Christianity is God of Three Persons of Holy Father and Holy Son and Holy Spirit in Person. Holy Father is one who reveal Almighty and Love of Father, Holy Son is not concept of son with relation of flesh and blood like a son of man but concept of Unique Sonship. Holy Spirit is not just some spiritual creature but a Godhead of Trinity and the essencial cooperative God with Holy Father and Holy Son, and belongs to Holy Father and Holy Son in the essence, and one who takes part in the work of creature of Holy Father with Holy Son. Allah of Islam appears the Monotheism, therefore the Person is Only One and the work of Him is One, also the Attribute is oneness that there is no god except Only Allah. Thirdly, be divided the most difference between Christianity and Islam into four. First, formed the concept of saviour in a point of view of whether the deed of Adam and Eve who are Ancestor of mankind are Sin or not. Islam have denied to the complete corruption of man. on the other hand, Christianity have regarded man as one who can not save himself because of his Sin. Concerning this assertion of Christianity, Islam prescribed that man can save himself by the will of good deed of man and belief in One God. but Christianity empgasized that Atonement of Jesus Christ Son of God and belief in Jesus is Only Way. Second, Christisnity insist that Jesus whom God comes through the body of man calls God His Father, and He obeys to His Father and does the duty of Sonship whom He obeys to Father's Command. and Jesus is not son of man with relation of flesh and blood but Unique Sonshep from God. Islam have thoroughly denied that Jesus is Son of God, and insist that there is no god except Allah. and assert that Jesus is a teacher of man, and an apostle and a prophet who accomplishes God's work by the ability of God. therefore Islam completely denies to Trinity of Christianity, and proclaimed that there is no god except Allah. but Christianity persist that Islam did misunderstand Trinity of Christianity and they did understand it three gods-God, Jesus, Maria because they have been influenced by Apocrypha. Third, especially Islam denies Jesus' Death on the Cross and believes that Jesus ascend to heaven by the Power of God. but Bible have said that Jesus' Death on the Cross is the maximum expression of God's great Love for man. so, to deny Jesus' Death on the Cross is mistaken Gospel. Fourth, concerned Holy Spirit, Ismam regard Holy Spirit as Gabriel Angel and the revelation for appearance of Muhammad, and insist to believe Holy Spirit. but, in all respects, it is the belief that Holy Spirit is justly creature of Allah. this is the Islamic Faith, and assert that Holy Spirit himself not become one who is worthy to be worshiped. but Bible says that Holy Spirit is God and is the Spirit of Holy Father and Holy Son and accomplishes especially the His works. Now to conclude, there are some same aspects between two religions. but it is classfied the essencial differential of the concept for God. especially the denial of the Godhead of jesus in Islam is like to deny the origin of the thought of Christianity. Because of this differential, it is projected much problem in mutual studies and contacts of two religions. I expect that studies about the differential of the concept of God of two religions will be published as possible, and believe that these studies will distinguish the characteristic of two religions and will take the right aspects of understanding. Because of limit of time and lacks of collection of data, there are much aspects of lacks in this thesis. however, I have tried to arrange the realistic objectivity of two religions by investigations and analyses of data as possible. In a point of view of record, I clarify to write in the basis of the point of view of christianity. As we observe the increase of the degree of interesting of Christianity of Korea for Islam within the region of mission, and observe the tendency of Islamic worldwide actitity. so I expect that this thesis will even a little bit help to accomplish studies for Islam within Christianity in Korea.

(The) relationship between AI opportunity perception and job insecurity : the mediating role of employee's hope and the moderating role of tenure

Le Nguyen Son Tung Graduate School, Yonsei University 2024 국내석사

The increased use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the workplace has introduced new changes to traditional work environments. However, these changes are not only limited to employee productivity, but also to the way employees feel and think about their work. Based on past research that has suggested such connections between employees’ perception of AI and their emotions and thoughts at work, the present study tested a moderated mediation model in which AI opportunity perception is indirectly related to job insecurity via employee hope, with tenure as a moderator. Data from 290 Korean full-time employees illustrated that AI opportunity perception was negatively related to job insecurity through hope as a mediator. Additionally, this indirect relationship was found to be dependent on the moderating role of tenure. Specifically, at lower levels of tenure the aforementioned indirect relationship was statistically significant, but at higher levels of tenure this indirect relationship was no longer statistically significant. This paper examines the consequences, limitations, and potential areas for future research. 인공지능(AI)이 직장에서 활용되는 빈도가 점점 증가함에 따라 근로 환경에도 지속적인 변화가 생기고 있다. AI가 직장에 가져오는 변화는 단순히 직장인의 생산성에 국한되지 않고, 자신의 일에 대한 직장인의 감정과 생각에도 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 이와 같이 AI에 대한 직장인의 평가가 직장인의 정서와 일에 대한 평가에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 선행연구를 바탕으로 본 연구를 설계하였다. 구체적으로 AI 기회 인식과 직무불안정성의 간접적인 관계를 희망이 매개하고, 이를 재직기간이 조절할 것이라는 조절된 매개효과 모형을 분석하였다. 참가자 290명의 직장인 데이터를 분석한 결과, 희망을 매개로 AI 기회 인식과 직무 불안정성 간의 부적인 간접관계가 있는 것으로 확인하였다. 또한 재직기간의 조절효과가 있다는 점도 확인하였는데, 구체적으로 재직기간이 낮은 경우에는 AI 기회인식과 직무불안정성 간의 간접관계가 통계적으로 유의했지만, 재직기간이 높은 경우에는 유의하지 않은 것으로 확인하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과의 함의와 향후 연구과제에 대하여 제안하였다.

(The) ban on quantifier floating in theta-positions : West Ulster English and Dutch : West Ulster English와 Dutch

강은경 Kyungpook National University 2019 국내석사

이 논문은 Bošković (2004)가 제기한 유동양화사(floating quantifier)의 일반화 이론에 대한 확장을 목적으로 한다. 유동양화사는 자신의 논항자리에 나타날 수 없다고 하지만, 표준영어(Standard English) 뿐만 아니라 다른 언어들, 특히 West Ulster English (WUE, 아일랜드 북서쪽의 Ulster 지방에서 쓰이는 방언)와 뒤섞기 언어(scrambling language)인 한국어와 일본어 같은 언어들 안에서도 동일한 효과를 검증하는 것이다. 이것은 Bošković의 유동양화사 일반화 이론을 구체화하고, 적용범위를 확대할 수 있다는 논의를 검증하는 것이다. WUE와 Dutch(네덜란드어)는 표준영어와의 차별성은 wh-의문문에서도 양화사(all/allemaal)를 좌초시키는 흥미로운 특징에 있다. 이런 현상은 다른 언어들 속에서는 거의 찾아 볼 수 없다. McCloskey(2000)는 유동양화사 'all'은 wh-구와 하나의 통사적 성분을 이룬 후에 그 wh-구가 상위로 이동해나갈 경우 양화사는 그것의 논항자리 혹은 종속절의 보문소의 지정어 자리에서 유동할 수 있다고 주장한다. 반면에 Koopman(2009)은 네덜란드어의 유동양화사인 ‘allemaal'은 처음부터 동사구 (ѵP)의 왼쪽 주변부에 병합되어져 있다고 주장하여 대별된다. 이와 같이 양화사의 다른 분포에도 불구하고 Chomsky(1986)의 주장인 wh-구가 이동할 때 동사구의 왼쪽 모서리 자리를 지나간다는 점을 인용하면서 유전적으로 유사한 두 언어의 간단한 어순을 비교하여 두 양화사의 분포를 분석한다. 이럴 경우 전체 동사구의 이동이 필수적인 요소로 작용하지만, 두 언어에서 는 사소한 정도의 차이만 존재한다고 주장한다. 결과적으로 WUE의 'all'도 사실은 wh-구의 생성자리에 있는 것이 아니라 Dutch의 'allemaal'처럼 동사구의 왼쪽 주변부에서 유동하고 있다는 사실이 확인되었다. 일본어의 경우, Miyagawa(2013)는 수량양화사가 그 명사구의 흔적사이에서 국부조건(locality condition)을 반드시 지켜야한다고 하였지만, 사실 그 제약을 따르지 않는 수많은 반례들이 존재한다고 논리가 제기되었다. 즉 표준유형(standard paradigm)과 비표준유형(non standard paradigm)의 대조현상을 보인 것이다. Miyagawa는 비표준유형의 문법성을 AspQP를 가정함으로써 주어와 목적어의 흔적이 각각의 논항자리에 출현해서 그 문장들은 문법성을 획득한다고 주장했지만, “주어는 술어 안에 존재한다.”는 가설(Predicate Internal Subject Hypothesis, PISH)과 정면으로 배치된다. 그러므로 Son(2018l)은 이 PISH가 비표준유형 뿐만 아니라 표준유형에도 동일하게 적용되어야한다고 주장한다. 이 경우 문법적인 비표준유형의 수량양화사는 비논항자리에, 또 비문법적인 표준유형의 양화사는 논항자리에 좌초될 수가 있다는 것이다. 그리고 한국에서는 목적어 명사구의 이동으로 좌초된 수량양화사가 동사구(ѵP)내부에 배치되어있는 부사적인 요소들 사이에 끼여 있는 재미있는 현상이 나타난다. 이것은 동사구내에서 목적어명사구의 단거리 이동이 있음을 보여주는데, 이것 역시 한국어의 수량양화사도 그 논항자리를 벗어나서 유동하고 있음을 암시한다. Bošković(2004)의 일반화에 대한 반례들로 여겨지는 언어들을 면밀하게 검토한 결과 유동양화사들이 피상적으로 간주되는 논항자리가 아니라, 오히려 그 장소를 벗어난 곳(the case checking position)에서도 발견됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 사실들로 인하여 Bošković (2004)의 일반화가 표준영어 뿐만 아니라 여러 나라의 언어들안에서도 그것의 동일한 효과가 잘 유지되고 있다는 사실을 확인할 수 있었다.

Clinical Nutritional Approach to Human Studies on Health Functional Foods

손금희 경희대학교 대학원 2023 국내박사

A Study on the Assessment of Nutritional Adequacy and the Effects of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Extracts on Sleep Quality Improvement in Korean Adults with Poor Sleep Quality by Kumhee Son Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Nutrition Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Hyunjung Lim Background & Aims: “Coronasomnia” is a newly coined word as sleep problems during the pandemic. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has been known to contain hypnotic substances that induce sleep. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the effect of lettuce extract on the adults who have poor sleep quality, and to assess the nutritional adequacy of those with poor sleep quality. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study from February 2021 to February 2022. Subjects aged from 30 to 65 who had poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) > 5) were enrolled. The subjects took 2 capsules of test or placebo every day for 4 weeks. PSQI, insomnia severity index (ISI), Epworth sleep scale (ESS), Stanford sleep scale (SSS) were measured to assess sleep quality. Actigraphy, sleep diary, and polysomnography (PSG) were used to assess sleep quantity. In addition, to assess sleep related symptoms, depression, anxiety, and fatigue were measured. Dietary intake during the study period was analyzed through 3-day food diary. The nutritional adequacy was analyzed by comparing with the estimated average requirement (EAR) from 2020 Dietary Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). Also, biochemical measurement, and adverse events were investigated for safety assessment. Results: Among the indices of sleep quality, the amount of changes in PSQI showed significant difference between the test and placebo group (daytime dysfunction: -0.87 ± 0.80 vs. -0.48 ± 0.82, p = 0.0221; global score: -4.91 ± 3.30 vs. -3.55 ± 2.66, p = 0.0328). The amount of changes in SSS showed significant difference between the test and placebo group (-0.66 ± 0.92 vs. -0.18 ± 1.02, p = 0.0206). Among the indices of sleep quantity, total sleep time (actigraphy: 27.48 ± 59.09 min vs. -8.26 ± 59.69 min, p = 0.0051; sleep diary: 32.11 ± 40.62 min vs. 14.20 ± 37.63 min, p = 0.0320) , sleep efficiency (PSG: 4.81 ± 9.53 % vs. -4.74 ± 12.06 %, p = 0.0103), and wake after sleep onset (PSG: -19.55 ± 32.59 min vs. 18.50 ± 39.16 min, p = 0.0025) improved significantly in the test group compared to the placebo group. In addition, the depression, anxiety, and fatigue symptoms improved after 4 weeks in the test group, whereas there was no significant difference in fatigue symptoms in the placebo group. As a result of evaluating nutritional adequacy, it was found that the intake of vitamin D (41.4 ± 40.3%) and magnesium (33.2 ± 14.2%) were insufficient compared with the EAR. Although there was no difference in nutritional adequacy according to severity of poor sleep quality, BMI was higher in the group with worse sleep quality. Conclusion: Lettuce extract showed possibility of improving sleep quality and quantity in the test group compared with the placebo group. As safety was also identified, it suggests that the lettuce extract can be an effective functional food to improve sleep quality. In addition, this study also showed that clinical nutritional intervention is necessary to improve sleep quality through nutritional adequacy assessment of people with poor sleep quality in Korea. Effects of Lotus and Turmeric Complex Extracts with Medical Nutrition Therapy on Blood Lipid Level in Adults with Borderline Dyslipidemia by Kumhee Son Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Nutrition Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University Advised by Dr. Hyunjung Lim Background & Aims: Lotus and turmeric extracts has been reported to have lipid-lowering effect. Medial nutrition therapy (MNT) is essential for dyslipidemia management. This study aimed to examine the effects of the lotus and turmeric complex (LTC) extracts with MNT on blood lipide levels in adults with borderline dyslipidemia in Korea. Methods: This is randomized, single-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Subjects aged from 20 to 60 with borderline dyslipidemia were enrolled. They were randomly assigned to 4 groups; Placebo (P) group, Placebo with MNT (PM) group, Test (T) group, Test with MNT (TM) group. To evaluate the effect of intervention, anthropometric measurement, blood lipid profile, dietary intakes were investigated. Results: MNT was only effective in subjects who took placebo. Changes of dietary intake such as energy (P: 215.0 ± 606.2 kcal/day; PM: -394..9 ± 542.1 kcal/day, p = 0.0041), carbohydrate (P: 23.9 ± 87.2 g/day; PM: -52.3 ± 66.2 g/day, p = 0.0073), fat (P: 7.6 ± 36.4 g/day; PM: -15.5 ± 59.6 g/day, p = 0.0212), and protein (P: 8.3 ± 27.1 g/day; PM: -15.3 ± 26.8 g/day, p = 0.0159), waist circumference (P: 091 ± 2.36 cm; PM: -2.18 ± 2.33 cm, p = 0.0006) and hip circumference (P: 0.87 ± 1.57 cm; PM: -0.92 ± 2.49 cm, p = 0.0174), triglyceride (P: 32.8 ± 61.5 mg/dL; PM: -13.1 ± 56.6, p = 0.0302) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, P: -3.1 ± 9.5 mg/dL; PM: 3.4 ± 7.8 mg/dL, p = 0.0373) were significantly larger in the group PM than P (p < 0.005). LTC was only effective in subjects who did not undertake MNT. The change of HDL-C (P: -3.06 ± 9.49 mg/dL; PM: 5.06 ± 6.43 mg/ dL, p = 0.0075) was bigger of group T than P. Conclusion: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of the LTC extract on blood lipid levels in combination with MNT in adults with borderline dyslipidemia in Korea. Dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and blood lipid profile were improved only in the MNT with placebo combination group. LTC only influenced HDL-C improvement in group that did not perform MNT.

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Bacteria, and Their Structural Characterization and Applications

손용준 부산대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

Metal nanoparticles show unique physical and chemical properties that are different from those of macro scale metals. In particular, among the metal nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles feature to make them interesting for use in many fields of science and technology. Generally, gold nanoparticles are synthesized using various physical and chemical methods. However, these methods have high energy consumption, high cost, and toxic chemicals used are harmful to humans and the environment. Therefore, the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by bacteria is to have an alternative, as these are rapid, inexpensive, and eco-friendly. In the present study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized by biological methods using culture supernatant of Lactobacillus plantarum K-21. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles was the maximum when the culture supernatant was treated with 5.0 mM HAuCl4 at pH 9 and 60 ℃ for 6 h. The presence of gold nanoparticles was confirmed from the surface plasmon resonance intensified at ~540 nm and change in color for the culture supernatant from yellow to purple. Gold nanoparticles were characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD and particle size analysis. The stability of the synthesized gold nanoparticles was analyzed by zeta potential measurement. Moreover, the cytotoxicity, dye degradation and tyrosinase inhibition activity of biosynthesized gold nanoparticles were also investigated.

(A) self-psychological approach to the 1907 Revival Movement in Korea

장정은 ProQuest LLC UMI Dissertation Publishing 2014 국내박사

Localization method for autonomous underwater vehicles using forward-looking sonar

표주현 Pohang University of Science and Technology 2018 국내박사

본 논문은 수중환경조사를 위해 무인수중로봇이 전방주시소나를 사용하여 위치를 추정하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 전방주시소나의 데이터 특성을 고려한 수중 음향 랜드마크 개발과 이를 인식하는 알고리즘의 제안을 포함한다. 수중 음향 랜드마크는 효과적인 인식을 위해 콘크리트 기둥의 조합으로 구성되었으며, 해양 생물 오염에 강해 특별한 유지보수 없이 장시간 사용 가능한 장점이 있다. 개발한 랜드마크를 인식하는 방법은 두 단계로 나뉜다. 먼저 배경으로부터 기둥 모양의 물체를 분리하고 그림자 길이로부터 기둥의 높이를 계산한다. 이미지에서 기둥의 높이를 바로 계산하는 것보다 그림자 길이를 사용하는 것이 인식률과 정확도 측면에서 훨씬 효과적이다. 인식한 기둥의 높이와 랜드마크로 설정한 기둥의 높이를 비교하여 랜드마크의 아이디를 확인하고, 전방주시소나의 지오메트리를 기반으로 무인수중로봇의 위치를 추정할 수 있다. 제안하는 위치 추정 방법은 실내 수조 실험과 무인수중로봇을 사용한 연안 실험을 통해 성능을 검증하였다. 제안하는 방법은 무인수중로봇의 연안 환경조사 임무에서 보다 정확한 위치정보를 제공할 수 있는 새로운 방법으로 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. In this paper, we propose a localization method for an autonomous underwater vehicle(AUV) using a forward-looking sonar(FLS) for underwater environmental survey. The proposed method includes the development of an underwater acoustic landmark considering the characteristics of the FLS and the algorithm to recognize it. The proposed acoustic landmark consists of a combination of concrete columns for effective recognition, and it can be used for a long time without maintenance load due to robustness against marine biofouling. The recognition method of the developed landmark is divided into two steps. First, the acoustic columns are separated from the background, and the height of the column is calculated from the its shadow length. The use of shadow length is much more effective in terms of recognition rate and accuracy than calculating the height of a column directly in a sonar image. Then, the height of the column is compared with the landmark to recognize the ID, and the position of the AUV can be estimated based on the FLS geometry. The proposed localization method is verified by indoor water tank experiment and field experiment using AUV. The proposed method can be effectively used as a novel method to provide more precise position information of AUV in ocean environmental inspection.

Anti-demineralization effect of orthodontic bonding agents containing bioactive glass with zinc, silver and graphene oxide

이승민 Pusan National University 2019 국내박사

법랑질 백색 병소는 교정 치료로 인해 발생하는 대표적인 부작용 중 하나로 법랑질 표면에서 무기질 칼슘 이온이 유출되어 발생한 탈회로 인한 것이다. 교정용 접착제에 법랑질 백색 병소의 발생을 방지할 수 있다면, 생체 활성 물질을 첨가 시 환자 협조도가 필요 없다는 장점이 있다. 이 연구는 교정용 접착제에 생체활성 유리와 아연, 은, 그래핀 옥사이드를 첨가하면 탈회를 방지 할 수 있는 지를 알아 보고자 시행 하였다. 본 연구의 첫번째 연구에서는 생체활성 유리에 은 1% 혹은 아연 5%를 첨가하여 합성한 후 교정용 접착제인 프라이머에 0.2, 1.0% 비율로 합성하였다. 두번째 연구에서는 생체 활성유리에 그래핀 옥사이드를 1:40의 비율로 첨가하여, 교정용 접착레진에 1,3,5% 비율로 첨가하여 합성하였다. 각각 합성물의 형태를 분석하기 00위해 주사현미경, 화학적 특징을 분석하기 위해 X-선 회절검사를 시행하였다. 합성물을 교정용 접착제에 첨가한 시편의 물리적 특성을 분석하기 위해 미세경도, shear bond strength (SBS), 접착물잔여지수를 시행하였다. 생물학적 세포독성 확인을 위해 cell viability를 통한 세포활성도 검사를 시행하였고. 합성된 재료들을 Streptococcus mutans로 항균력을 분석하였다. 탈회 방지 효과를 평가하기 위해 발거 된 치아에 각 합성물을 접착하고 산-염기 순환 실험을 시행하였다. 합성물을 접착한 치아의 CBCT 데이터를 획득한 후 법랑질 표면의 탈회정도를 평가하기 위하여 ImageJ 사용하여 분석하였다. 주사현미경, X-선 회절검사 결과는, 아연을 포함하는 생체활성 유리와 그래핀 옥사이드를 함유한 생체 활성 유리는 합성이 적절하게 되었음이 확인되었다. 첫번째, 은 혹은 아연을 프라이머에 혼합하여 치면에 적용한 연구 결과 실험군이 대조군에 비하여 미세경도는 다소 감소하였고 SBS는 다소 증가하였다. 접착물잔여지수 결과 실험군과 대조군의 유의한 차이는 없었다. Cell viability 결과 24시간과 48시간 까지는 실험군과 대조군이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나 72시간 실험에서는 실험군이 대조군에 비하여 다소 감소하는 경향을 보였다. S.mutans를 이용한X-선 회절검사 실험결과 실험군은 대조군에 비해 항균력이 있었다. 산-염기 실험 결과 실험군이 대조군에 비해 탈회 방지 효과가 있었다. 두번째, 그래핀 옥사이드를 교정용 접착 레진에 혼합하여 치면에 적용한 연구 결과 대조군에 비해 실험군은 미세경도는 증가하였고, SBS는 감소하였다. 접착물잔여지수는 실험군과 대조군 사이 유의한 차이는 없었다. Cell viability 결과 실험군과 대조군의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 실험군은 대조군에 비해 항균력이 있었다. 산-염기 실험 결과 실험군이 대조군에 비해 탈회 방지 효과가 있었다. 본 연구에서 시도한 새로운 교정용 접착제들은 물리적 교정용 접착제로 사용할 수 있는 요건을 충족하였으며, S.mutans에 대한 항균 효과 및 화학적 탈회 감소 효과가 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 임상적으로 법랑질 백색 병소의 발생을 예방 할 수 있는 가능성을 보여주었다. White spot lesions (WSLs), a side effect of orthodontic treatment, can result in reversible and unaesthetic results. For anti-demineralization, I conducted the biomaterials in orthodontic bonding agents. Bioactive glass (BAG) and silver-doped and zinc-doped BAGs was mixed with orthodontic bonding primer in a ratio of 0.2 and 1.0%. Graphene oxide (GO) with a bioactive glass (BAG) mixture (BAG@GO) was added to Low-Viscosity Transbond XT (LV) in a ratio of 1, 3, and 5%. The composite’s characterization and its physical and biological properties were verified with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD); its microhardness, shear bond strength (SBS), cell viability, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were also assessed. Efficiency in reducing WSL was evaluated using antibacterial activity of Streptococcus mutans. Anti-demineralization was analyzed using a cycle of the acid-base solution. The microhardness statistically significantly increased in the primer-containing BAG, while the other samples showed no statistically significant difference compared with the control group. The shear bond strength of all samples increased compared with that of the control group. The cell viability of the control and sample groups was similar within 24 h, but decreased slightly over 48 h. All samples showed antibacterial properties. Regarding anti-demineralization property, the group containing 0.2% of the samples showed anti-demineralization properties compared with the control group, but was not statistically significant; further, the group containing 1% of the samples showed a significant difference compared with the control group. Among them, the orthodontic bonding primer containing 1% silver-doped BAG showed the highest anti-demineralization property. Adhesives with 3 wt. % or 5 wt. % of BAG@GO showed significant increase in microhardness compared with LV. The sample and LV groups showed no significant differences in SBS or ARI. The cell viability test confirmed that none of the sample groups showed higher toxicity compared to the LV group. Antibacterial activity was higher in the 48 h group than in the 24 h group; the 48 h test showed that BAG@GO had a high antibacterial effect, which was more pronounced in 5 wt. % of BAG@GO. Anti-demineralization effect was higher in the BAG@GO-group than in the LV-group; the higher the BAG@GO concentration, the higher the anti-demineralization effect. The new orthodontic bonding agents used in this study showed an antimicrobial effect, chemical anti-demineralization effect, and WSL prevention as well as clinically applicable properties, both physically and biologically.

Amperometric detection of H2O2 with shape-controllable Pt electrode

Kim, Junghyun Sungkyunkwan University 2015 국내석사