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Establishment of Pathogenicity Test Method for Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Soybean Charcoal Rot
An So Hyeon,김흥태 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.1
The establishment of a laboratory assay and a greenhouse assay was conducted for evaluating the pathogenicity of Macrophomina phaseolina causing soybean charcoal rot established. In the laboratory assay, microsclerotia and hyphae were used as inoculum. In the laboratory assays using microsclerotia as an inoculum, disease incidences of M. phaseolina NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 were higher at 35°C than 25°C. Of the two isolates NSW17-108 and HSM17-034, the disease incidence of HSM17-034 isolated from diseased sesame is higher than that of NSW17-108 isolated from diseased soybean. When the mycelia of M. phaseolina were used as an inoculum, the disease incidence of NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 at 35°C exceeded 80% even after only 5 days of inoculation. Even at 25°C, furthermore, that of HSM17-034 exceeded 80% 5 days later. In the pathogenicity assays at a greenhouse, toothpicks where microsclerotia were produced or microsclerotia harvested from potato dextrose agar medium were used as an inoculum. In all greenhouse assays, M. phaseolina NSW17-108 and HSM17-034 showed 40–60% of disease incidences 35–65 days after inoculation with the pathogen, depending on the inoculation method. Between the two isolates, the pathogenicity of HSM17-034 was stronger than that of NSW17-108, and this result was consistent with laboratory assay results. Since the laboratory and greenhouse test methods tested in this study have different advantages and disadvantages depending on each test method, it is thought that the test method that can meet the purpose of the study should be selected and used.
SoHyeon Kim(SoHyeon Kim),Youn Hye Jo(Youn Hye Jo) 대한안과학회 2023 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.37 No.1
Purpose: To investigate the impact of uncomplicated cataract surgery on the measurement of Bruch’s membrane opening- minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. Methods: This retrospective study included 63 eyes of 63 patients, including 32 POAG eyes and 31 normal eyes who underwent uneventful cataract surgery and follow-up for at least 6 months. Using SD-OCT, BMO-MRW and RNFLT were measured preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months. Paired t-test was used to compare intraocular pressure (IOP), BMO-MRW, RNFLT, and image quality before and after surgery. These parameters and their changes were compared between POAG and normal groups. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with the postoperative change (Δ) in RNFLT and BMO-MRW. Results: BMO-MRW and RNFLT were significantly increased and IOP was decreased after phacoemulsification in both groups (p < 0.001, respectively). The ΔRNFLT was significantly greater in POAG eyes compared with the normal eyes (p < 0.001). The ΔRNFLT was associated with the postoperative IOP reduction and glaucoma diagnosis (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). In the normal group, only the ΔIOP had a significant influence on the ΔRNFLT (p = 0.003), but in the POAG group, not only the ΔIOP (p = 0.044) but also preoperative visual field mean deviation (p = 0.029) showed a significant influence. The ΔBMO- MRW showed no difference between POAG and normal eyes. Conclusions: The postoperative increase of RNFLT was significantly greater in the POAG group, and the postoperative increase of RNFLT was associated with the preoperative visual field mean deviation and ΔIOP in POAG eyes and with the ΔIOP in normal eyes. Our results imply that RNFLT is more affected than BMO-MRW in POAG eyes compared to normal eyes by cataract surgery.
Platycodon grandiflorum 사포닌 생합성에 관여하는 UGT73 유전자 후보에 대한 qPCR 분석
Sohyeon Park,Jemin Yoo,Yurry Um,Ok Tae Kim,Chang Pyo Hong,Seong Cheol Kim,Yi Lee 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.05
Background : Platycodon grandiflorum is a perennial plant and a member of Camanulaceae family. Since ancient times, they have been using P. grandiflorum as an important medicinal plant in Korea. Platycodin D is the most abundant saponin derived from P. grandiflorum and pharmacologically active component. UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) are important enzymes in the saponin biosynthesis. UGT is a glycosyltransferase and act on the final step of the secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Methods and Results : We tried to identify UGT genes related to saponin biosynthesis of P. grandiflorum through RNA-seq analysis. The sequencing was performed using Illumina Hi-Seq platform after cDNA library preparation. The produced reads were assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench software (CLC Bio, Inc.). We obtained 122,663 contigs and found 137 putative UGT genes. Familes of UGT71, UGT73, and UGT74 were selected as putative saponin biosynthesis related gene families using phylogenetic relationship analysis. qPCR condition about UGT73 is preheating 94℃ 180 sec, denaturation 94℃ 60 sec, annealing 53℃ 60 sec, extension 72℃ 90 sec, final extension 72℃ 600 sec, 45 cycles repeated. Conclusion : The results in this study could help to find the UGTs related to saponin biosynthesis pathway of P. grandiflorum.
( Sohyeon Jeong ),( Hyun-woong Cho ) 대한산부인과학회 2022 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.108 No.-
Objective: After the COVID-19 pandemic emerged, the access to public health care such as cancer screening to decrease due to enforced quarantine. Cervical cancer screening is essential to the prevention of cervical cancer and the influence of COVID-19 on cervical cancer screening in the Republic of Korea has not yet been assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cervical cancer screening, especially in disabled women. Methods: Using Korean National Health Insurance Service Database, women eligible for cervical cancer screening from 2017 to 2020 (n = 21,002,874) were selected for evaluation of change in screening attendances before and after the start of COVID-19 pandemic. The study population was classified into subgroups according to age and disabilities and we calculated the rate of change between the average of screening number in 2017-2019, and 2020. Results: Cervical cancer screening rate in 2020 was decreased by 17.2% (OR=0.828, 95% CI=0.827-0.830) compared to that of 2017-2019. When analyzed according to subgroups, age group 40 or older showed significant decrease of more than 20 % in the rate of cervical cancer screening. Also, those who had disabilities presented a lower tendency of participating in the screening (OR=0.758, 95% CI=0.751-0.765). Among various disability types, people with physical, brain injury, visual, hearing, speech, mental, renal, respiratory, liver, and facial disabilities all showed more than 20% drop in cervical cancer screening rate in 2020. Conclusion: This study reveals a significant disruption in the rate of cervical cancer screening tests during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Republic of Korea. Also, patients older than 40 years old and those with disabilities tend to participate less since the pandemic. Therefore, catch-up on the missed screening test is required to reduce the incidence and severity of cervical cancer. Also, health-care givers should consider a way to expand care to vulnerable populations in the era of pandemics.
Regulation of Serine/Threonine Kinase 4 (STK4) expression by estrogen in the mouse uterus
Sohyeon Moon,Sangho Lee,Minha Cho,Boreum Song,Miseon Park,Ok-Hee Lee,Hoon Jang,Youngsok Choi 한국발생생물학회 2017 한국발생생물학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2017 No.8
The Hippo signaling pathway is essential for regulating proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in mammalian cells. Hippo signaling pathway exists in most body tissues and organs, where it controls the size of organs and tissues by keeping cell growth in check and promoting cell death as needed. It has been reported that the members of Hippo signaling pathway are highly expressed in mammalian ovaries and uteri. However, the regulatory mechanism of this pathway in the uterus during estrous cycle regulation remains unclear. Serine/Threonine Protein Kinase 4 (STK4, also known as MST1, a homolog of Hippo in Drosophila) is a major factor of Hippo signaling pathway. However STK4 in the mouse uterus has not yet been examined. The purpose of our study was to determine the expression of STK4 during the estrous cycle and regulation by estrogen in the mouse uterus. We found that STK4 was dynamically expressed in uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle. STK4 highly expressed at the estrus, diestrus, and were found to dramatically decrease as it progressed to the proestrus, metestrus stage of uterus during the estrous cycle. Expression of STK4 was dominant in glandular epithelial and luminal epithelial of proestrus, estrus, and diestrus stage, whereas in metestrus stage, expression of gene intensity was faint. Estrogen or estrogen receptor antagonist ICI 182,780 treatment, in ovariectomized mouse uterus, Expression of STK4 and its downstream genes were increased by estrogen. Our results show that the Hippo signaling pathway is estrogen-dependent in the mouse uterus. These informations will give us on sights to understand uterine dynamics during the estrous cycle.
Platycodon grandiflorum 사포닌 생합성에 관여하는 Cytochrome P450 후보 유전자 Family 탐색
Sohyeon Park,Yurry Um,Ok Tae Kim,Chang Pyo Hong,Seong Cheol Kim,Yi Lee 한국약용작물학회 2016 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2016 No.10
Background : Platycodon grandiflorum is a perennial plant and a member of Campanulaceae family. Since ancient times, they have been using P. grandiflorum as an important medicinal plant in Korea. Platycodin D is the most abundant saponin derived from P. grandiflorum and pharmacologically active component. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are important enzymes in the saponin biosynthesis. CYP is, in general, the terminal oxidase enzymes and essential roles in saponin biosynthesis pathway by hydroxylation or oxidaition of triterpene skeletons. Methods and Results : We tried to identify CYP genes related to saponin biosynthesis of P. grandiflorum through RNA-seq analysis. The sequencing was performed using Illumina Hi-Seq platform after cDNA library preparation. The produced reads were assembled using CLC Genomics Workbench software (CLC Bio, Inc.). We obtained 122,663 contigs and found 191 putative CYP genes. Familes of CYP716, CYP708, CYP93 and CYP51 were selected as putative saponin biosynthesis related gene families using phylogenetic relationship analysis. Conclusion : The results in this study could help to find the CYPs related to saponin biosynthesis pathway of P. grandiflorum.