Induction of Cell Death in Human Macrophages by a Highly Virulent Korean Isolate of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and the Virulent Strain H37Rv

Sohn, H.,Lee, K.-S.,Kim, S.-Y.,Shin, D.-M.,Shin, S.-J.,Jo, E.-K.,Park, J.-K.,Kim, H.-J. Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2009 Scandinavian journal of immunology Vol.69 No.1

<P>Abstract</P><P>Recent studies have suggested that virulent strains of <I>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</I> induce apoptosis in macrophages less often than do attenuated strains. K-strain, which belongs to the Beijing family, is the most frequently isolated clinical strain of <I>M. tuberculosis</I> in Korea. In this study, we investigated the differential induction of cell death in human monocytic THP-1 cells by K-strain and H37Rv, a virulent but laboratory-adapted strain of <I>M. tuberculosis</I>. Although no significant difference in growth rate was observed between the cells exposed to K-strain and those exposed to H37Rv, the levels of protective cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-&agr;, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-12p40 were lower in K-strain-infected cells than in H37Rv-infected cells. Cell viability assays showed that both K-strain and H37Rv, but not heat- or streptomycin-killed bacteria, induced THP-1 cell death in a TNF-independent manner. In contrast, double staining with fluorochrome-labelled inhibitors of caspase and propidium iodide and lactate dehydrogenase release assays revealed that K-strain induced significantly higher levels of necrotic cell death, rather than apoptosis, in THP-1 cells than did H37Rv. Anti-apoptotic <I>Bcl-2</I>, <I>Mcl-1</I>, <I>Bfl-1</I> and <I>Bcl-xL</I> in the cells were significantly upregulated following infection with K-strain compared with H37Rv, whereas <I>Bax</I> was slightly upregulated in response to infection with both H37Rv and K-strain. These results suggest that the highly virulent K-strain keeps cellular apoptosis as a host defense mechanism to a minimum and induces necrosis in macrophages.</P>

K-EMS 계통해석 어플리케이션을 위한 공통 데이터 모델 구축

윤상윤(S.-Y. Yun),조윤성(Y-S. Cho),이욱화(U.-H. Lee),손진만(J.-M. Sohn),남영우(Y.-W. Nam),이진(J. Lee),김홍래(H.-R. Kim),김병호(B.-H. Kim),김선구(S.-G. Kim),허성일(S.-I. Hur),이효상(H.-S. Lee),신만철(M.-C. Shin),민경일(K.-I. Min),최영진(Y.-J 대한전기학회 2008 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.7(초록집)

Design and Manufacturing of a Conduction-Cooled Sample Holder for a Superconducting Property Measurement System

Sohn, M. H.,Sim, K.,Kim, H. J.,Eom, B. Y.,Jeong, Y. W.,Baik, S. K.,Seong, K. C. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2015 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.25 No.3

<P>We had developed four years ago a superconducting property measurement system (SPMS) that can be used to acquire electrical and thermal properties of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) tape samples. The SPMS was composed of the sample holder for mounting an HTS tape and 3 T HTS magnet, both cooled individually by conduction using a cryocooler. The maximum dimension of the HTS tape sample that could be loaded on the sample holder was 15 mm in width and 250 mm in length. The conduction-cooled sample holder was again fabricated to increase the maximum test current up to 800 A. Maximum transport current was 763 A in magnetic field intensity 3 T. The measuring temperature range was 15-50 K.</P>

칡소의 염색체 양상과 핵형 분석

손시환,고영두,김두환,박구부,이정규,이철영,신철교,정희식,곽석준,박명구,천민성,백철승 한국축산학회 2000 한국축산학회지 Vol.42 No.1

The Korean Native Stripped Cattle known as Chickso have distinctive black hair belts all over the body to varying extents on a Hanwoo(Korean Cattle)-like yellowish brown background. These Battle are remaining only in a limited area of this country and are known to yield a flavorful meat somewhat distinct from that of Hanwoo, but their genetic lineage has not been identified. We have carried out karyotyping of these cattle firm the lymphocyte culture. Blood samples were collected from 20 of male and female cattle that had been bred at Poongjeon Farm located in Kosong, Kyongnam, and were subjected to chromosomal morphology and G- and C-banding analysis. Chickso, like Hanwoo, had 58 autosomes and X and Y sex chromosomes which were morphologically very similar to those of the latter. All the 58 autosomes revealed almost a zero value of centromeric index, suggesting that they are acrocentric; sex chromosomes X and Y were submetacentric and metacentric, respectively. Following G-banding, the light bands appeared near the centromeric site in all the autosomes whereas the specific dark bands were consistently visible in each homologous chromosome. Overall, the G-banding pattern was nearly identical between the Chickso and Hanwoo. C-bands representing the heterochromatin were present at or near the centromere in all the autosomes, whereas in sex chromosomes, they were found distributed on variable sites. The proportion of constitutive heterochromatin ranged 20∼30%. These patterns were not significantly different between the two subspecies. All of these cytogenetic results suggest that the distinctive traits of Chickso did not arise from a cytogenetic variation from Hanwoo, i. e. the former is simply a subpopulation of the latter. As such, we propose that selection and propagation of the Chickso based on economic traits may be advantageous to the domestic beef industry.

Anti-glycation and anti-angiogenic activities of 5'-methoxybiphenyl-3,4,3'-triol, a novel phytochemical component of Osteomeles schwerinae

Lee, Y.M.,Kim, J.,Kim, C.S.,Jo, K.,Yoo, N.H.,Sohn, E.,Kim, J.S. North-Holland ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2015 european journal of pharmacology Vol.760 No.-

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are involved in the development of diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy. 5'-methoxybiphenyl-3,4,3'-triol (referred to as K24) was isolated using bioactivity-guided fractionation of Osteomeles schwerinae C. K. Schneid. and identified as a potent AGE inhibitor. To identify the protective effect of K24 on disruption of the blood-retinal barrier, AGE-RSA was intravitreally injected into rat eyes. K24 had an inhibitory effect on AGE-RSA-induced retinal vascular leakage by suppressing the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and decreasing the loss of occludin. In addition, we examined whether K24 has a preventive effect against retinal pathogenic angiogenesis in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) mouse model. K24 significantly reduced the retinal non-perfused area and neovascular tufts in the OIR mice. These data indicate that K24 could serve as an innovative pharmaceutical agent to prevent blood-retinal barrier breakage and retinal pathogenic angiogenesis through an anti-VEGF mechanism.

RTCVD 법으로 성장한 Si1-xGex 에피막의 특성

김광일,배영호,강봉구,정욱진,군영규,손병기 한국센서학회 1996 센서학회지 Vol.5 No.2

The growth and characterization of heteroepitaxial Si_(l-x)Ge_x films grown by the RTCVD (Rapid Thermal Chemical Vapor Deposition) method were described. For the growth of Si_(l-x)Ge_x heteroepitaxial layers, SiH₄/ GeH₄ / H₂ gas mixtures were used. The growth conditions were varied to investigate their effects on the Si / Ge composition ratios, the interface abruptness and crystalline properties. The experimental data shows that the misfit threading dislocation in Si_(l-x)Ge_x / Si heteroepitaxial film of about 400 A thickness was not observed at the growth temperature of as low as 650℃, and the composition ratios of Si / Ge changed linearly with SiH₄ / GeH₄ gas mixing ratios in our experimental ranges. In the in-situ boron doping experiments, the doping abruptness would be controlled within several hundreds Å/decade.

The Rho/ROCK pathway for lysophosphatidic acid-induced proteolytic enzyme expression and ovarian cancer cell invasion

Jeong, K J,Park, S Y,Cho, K H,Sohn, J S,Lee, J,Kim, Y K,Kang, J,Park, C G,Han, J W,Lee, H Y Macmillan Publishers Limited 2012 Oncogene Vol.31 No.39

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a biolipid that has diverse biological activities implicated in ovarian cancer initiation and progression. Previous studies have shown the critical role of the Rho/Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathway in LPA-induced ovarian cancer progression. However, detailed underlying mechanism by which the Rho/ROCK pathway induces ovarian cancer cell invasion is still incompletely understood. In the present study, we observed that the Rho/ROCK pathway is implicated in the production of proteolytic enzymes, leading to LPA-induced ovarian cancer cell invasion. LPA induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in CAOV-3 and PA-1 cells and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) expression in SKOV-3 cells. LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression was required for the invasion of ovarian cancer cells expressing corresponding enzymes. Pretreatment of cells with a pharmacological inhibitor of Rho/ROCK (Y-27632) or overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Rho (Rho N19) profoundly inhibited LPA-induced proteolytic enzyme expression as well as the invasive potential of ovarian cancer cells. In addition, transfection with dominant-negative Ras (Ras N17) significantly inhibited LPA-induced Rho activation as well as MMP-9 and uPA expression. Consistently, Y-27632 reduced LPA-induced nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation that is critical for proteolytic enzyme expression and cellular invasion. Collectively, we demonstrate a mechanism by which LPA promotes ovarian cancer progression through coordinate activation of a Ras/Rho/ROCK/NF-κB signaling pathway and the proteolytic enzyme secretion, providing novel biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer cell progression.

遷移 金屬表面의 電子的 構造에 관한 硏究 : Mo. Nb. Ta 表面酸化의 Auger電子分光

朴東秀,孫基洙,李相潤,李義完,金裕榮 慶北大學校 物理化學硏究所 1981 硏究論文集 Vol.1-2 No.-

Oxidation of polycrystolline molybdenum, niobium and tantalum surfaces has been studied by use of Auger Electron Spectroscopy. The methods used to obtain clean and oxidized transition metals surfaces are discussed together with the changes in the Auger spectra on oxidation. AES process in also described in detail. The clean surfaces were obtained by Argon ion bombardment followed by electrical heating. The AES measurements for polycrystolline samples are in good agreement with earlier work on(100) Mo, (100) Nb and Ta surfaces. In the initial stage of exposure to oxygen chemisorptions were dominant, and the electron beam induced the enhancement of oxygen adsorption. At the heating process oxygen Auger peak-to-peak heights increase until 900K for Nb, 500K for Mo and 800K for Ta. At about 1800∼1900K oxygen coverages of all samples were practically removed, while the carbon peaks remained as unchanged. It is also revealed that oxygen Auger amplitudes of transition metals are a function of exposure, but not affected by the pressure of oxygen for lower than 10^-8 Torr.

Translationally controlled tumor protein induces human breast epithelial cell transformation through the activation of Src

Jung, J,Kim, H Y,Kim, M,Sohn, K,Kim, M,Lee, K Macmillan Publishers Limited 2011 Oncogene Vol.30 No.19

Translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is implicated in cell growth and malignant transformation. TCTP has been found to interact directly with the third cytoplasmic domain of the α subunit of Na,K-ATPase, but whether this interaction has a role in tumorigenesis is unclear. In this study, we examined TCTP-induced tumor progression signaling networks in human breast epithelial cells, using adenoviral infection. We found that TCTP (a) induces Src release from Na,K-ATPase α subunit and Src activation; (b) phosphorylates tyrosine residues 845, 992, 1086, 1148 and 1173 on anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); (c) activates PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase )–AKT, Ras–Raf–MEK–ERK1/2, Rac–PAK1/2, MKK3/6–p38 and phospholipase C (PLC)-γ pathways; (d) enhances NADPH oxidase-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; (e) stimulates cytoskeletal remodeling and cell motility and (f) upregulates matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 3 and 13. These findings suggest that TCTP induces tumorigenesis through distinct multicellular signaling pathways involving Src-dependent EGFR transactivation, ROS generation and MMP expression.

HF:H₂O₂:CH₃COOH 용액을 이용한 실리콘-져마늄 에피막의 화학적 선택 식각

안창근,정욱진,배영호,김광일,강봉구,권영규,손병기 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1995 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The selective chemical etching of Si_(1)-_(x)Ge_(x). heteroepitaxial layer grown by rapid thermal CVD (RTCVD) method has been studied with respect to Ge content ( 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.30 ). The properties of HF : H_(2)O_(2) : CH_(3)COOH (1:2:3) chemical etchant is highly selective in the Si_(1)-_(x)Ge_(x) / Si heteroepitaxial structure. The selectivity is presented better than 100 for Ge content (x≥0.20) and increased with Ge content in Si_(1)-_(x)Ge_(x) heteroepitaxial layer.