식민지시대 시에 나타난 ‘얼굴’ 표상 연구

신용목(Sin, Yong-Mok) 한국문학회 2019 韓國文學論叢 Vol.82 No.-

이 논문은 식민지시대에 쓰여진 시들의 ‘얼굴’ 표상에 관한 연구이다. 얼굴은 ‘자아’라는 내면과 ‘세계’라는 외부의 접점을 형성한다는 측면에서 ‘표상적 실재성’을 가장 뚜렷하게 보여주는 대상이고, 은유와 환유는 시적 대상이 출현하고 배치되는 양상이다. 이 논문은 얼굴 표상이 시 속에서 구조화되는 방식을 살핌으로써 식민지시대 시인들의 시적 인식의 한 측면을 조망하고자 한다. 세계와 자아에 대한 성찰과 고뇌를 이어가거나 당대 현실을 유이민적 과정으로 체험했던 정지용, 윤동주, 백석, 이용악의 시에 얼굴 표상이 많이 등장한다. 또한 언어 실험을 통해 세계의 분열의 징후들을 보여줬던 이상과 세계의 이상에 자아의 목표를 일치시켰던 임화의 시에서도 자주 등장한다. 반면, 현실 동인과 자아에 대한 질문을 뒤로 물린 채 관념적 세계와 미적 언어에 탐닉했던 청록파 시인 등에게는 ‘얼굴’ 표상이 거의 등장하지 않는다. 정지용과 이용악 시에서 ‘얼굴’ 표상은 세계와 관계하는 화자의 내적상태를 직접적으로 대리한다. 그들 시에서 얼굴은 세계와 자아의 만남에서 비롯된 주체의 외상 자체를 표상한다는 점에서 은유적 표상으로 나타난다. 이는 얼굴 표상이 내적 상태와의 유사성을 바탕으로 등장한다는 것으로도 설명 가능하다. 은유적으로 등장한 ‘얼굴’ 표상은 불우한 시간의 연속성 속에서 주체의 내력을 위치시키는 역할을 한다는 점에서 ‘통시적’ 성격을 띤다. 이는 외적 폭력의 강도를 더욱 선명하게 드러내는 역할을 한다. 윤동주와 백석 시의 경우 ‘얼굴’ 표상이 병렬적 배치를 통해 세계를 연쇄적 과정으로 지시한다는 점에서 환유적 성격을 가지고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 얼굴 표상이 주체의 외상을 주체 외부에 배치한다는 점에서 환유의 특징인 인접성을 띠고 있는 것이다. 즉 자신의 얼굴을 분리시켜 그 진의를 묻거나 얼굴 옆에 또 다른 얼굴을 배치함으로써 세계와 자아의 실체에 닿고자 한다. 환유적으로 등장한 ‘얼굴’은 화자의 사유나 인식을 일관되게 전개시켜 현실 또는 정념과의 유비적 연결망을 만들기보다는, 오히려 그 연결망을 저지하고 대상화시킴으로써 현실 또는 정념의 정체를 되묻는 역할을 한다. 환유적으로 등장한 얼굴 표상은 그 공시적 성격을 통해 외적 폭력이 가진 비극의 폭을 확장시킨다. 이상 시의 ‘얼굴’ 표상은 은유와 환유의 과정이 중첩되어 등장하고, 임화 시에서는 그 과정이 무화되어 나타난다. 이상의 시는 세계와 자아의 관계가 단일하게 포착되지 않기 때문이며, 임화의 시는 세계와 자아의 관계가 이미 결정된 상태로 등장하기 때문이다. 그러나 이는 원관념과 보조관념이 결합된 ‘동일성의 원리’와는 다르다. 그러나 이는 원관념과 보조관념이 결합된 ‘동일성의 원리’와는 다르다. 은유와 환유는 시어 출현 방식에 따라 시의 구조를 형성한다. 이상의 시의 ‘얼굴’ 표상은 구조적 맥락을 지움으로써 세계의 비결정성을 표상하고, 임화 시의 ‘얼굴’은 그 자체로 세계의 표상을 구조화한다. 그로써 이상의 시는 세계의 분열을 드러내고, 임화의 시는 단일한 세계를 지향한다. This study is a study on the ‘face’ representation of poems written during the colonial period. Facial representations are the objects that show the representational “reality” in terms of forming the interface of inner ‘self’ and outer ‘world’, and metaphors and metonymy are the aspects in which the poetic objects appear and place. Therefore, this study is a study that reveals one aspect of the poetical perception of poets in the colonial period by examining the way facial expression is structured in the poem. Many face representations appeared in the poems of Ji Jung Yong, Yoon Dong Joo, Baek Seok, and Yong Aak who experienced the reflection of the world and the self and the reality of the time through the immigrant process. It also appeared frequently in Im Hwa s poems, which matched the goal of the self with the ideal of the world, and Lee sang s poem which showed the splitting of the world by the technique of self-targeting. On the other hand, “face” representations rarely appeared in the poets from Pure Green Color school who indulged in the ideological world and aesthetic language but rejected the questions about reality motif and egos. In the poems by Jung Ji-yong and Lee Yong-ak, the ‘face representation directly represents the inner state of the speaker who is related to the world. Shortly, it is metaphorical in that it represents the trauma itself originated from the meeting between the world and the self. This can also be explained by the fact that facial expressions appear based on their internal state and similarities. At this time, the “face” representation by Jung Ji-yong and Lee Yong-ak is of a “diachronic” nature in that the subject s internal strength is positioned in a series of unhappy times. This plays a role to clearly reveal the intensity of external violence. In the poems by Yun Dong-ju and Baek-seok, ‘face’ has a metonymic nature in that it directs the world in the manner of chain process through parallel arrangement. This can be explained that the facial representation has a proximity in that the trauma of the subject is placed outside the subject. That is, it questions the true intention by separating own s face, or it intends to reach out to the whole world by placing another face next to the face. Face , which appeared in metonymy, plays a role of reclaiming the identity of reality or emotions by blocking the connection and objectifying it through objectification, rather than consistently developing the speaker s thoughts and perceptions to make the organic connection between reality or emotion. This expands the tragedy of external violence through its public nature. In the poem by Lee Sang, the process of metaphors and metaphors is overlapped in face, and in the poem by Imhwa, the process becomes blurred and appeared. This is because the relationship between the world and the self is not captured in a single way while the relationship between the world and the self has already been determined in the poem by Imhwa. But this is different from the “principles of homogeneity,” in which the original and auxiliary concepts are combined. Metaphors and metonymy are classification of the structure of poetry depending on the way the words appeared. Thus, the “face” of the poem by Lee Sang represents the world s non-determinism by erasing the architectural context, and the “face” of the poem by Imhwa in itself constructs the world s representation.

Genome-wide investigation of a Korean synthetic breed, Woori-Heukdon using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip

Yong‑Min Kim,Ha‑Seung Seong,Jung‑Jae Lee,Da‑Hye Son,Jin‑Su Kim,Soo‑Jin Sa,Young‑Sin Kim,Tae‑Jeong Choi,Kyu‑Ho Cho,Joon‑Ki Hong,Jung‑Woo Choi,Eun‑Seok Cho 한국유전학회 2020 Genes & Genomics Vol.42 No.12

Background: Woori-Heukdon (KWH) is a Korean synthetic pig breed generated using Chookjin-Duroc (KCD), Chookjin-Chamdon (KCC), and their crossbreds. Currently, there is a severe lack of studies investigating the Korean breed populations including wild boars (KWB) throughout the genome. Objective: This study was performed to investigate the genetic characteristics of Korean pig populations at the genome-wide level. Methods: Using the SNP dataset derived from genotyped and downloaded datasets using the Illumina PorcineSNP60K BeadChip, we compared the genomes of 532 individuals derived from 23 pig breeds to assess the genetic diversity, inbreeding coefficient, genetic differentiation, and population structure. Results: KWB showed the lowest average expected heterozygosity (HE = 0.1904), while KWH showed the highest genetic diversity (HE = 0.02859) among Korean populations. We verified that the genetic composition of KWH, showing USD of 74.8% and KCC of 25.2% in ADMIXTURE analysis. In population structure analyses, KCC was consistently shown to be separated from other pig populations. In addition, we observed gene flow from Western pigs to a part of Chinese populations. Conclusion: This study showed that Korean native pigs, KCC have genetic differences in comparison with Chinese and Western pigs; despite some historical records and recent genetic studies, we could not find any clear evidence that KCC was significantly influenced by Chinese or Western breeds in this study. We also verified the theoretical genomic composition of KWH at the molecular level in structure analyses. To our knowledge, this is the first genomic study to investigate the genomic characteristics of KWH and KCC.

‘詩畫一如’와 ‘情景의 시학’ - 이미지즘과 정지용 시 읽기

신용목(Sin, Yong-Mok) 국제언어문학회 2019 國際言語文學 Vol.- No.43

이 논문은 정지용 시를 ‘이미지즘’으로 분석한 연구를 중심으로 특정한 접근법이 간과한 것과 과잉된 것을 점검한다. 이는 시 분석이 내재적 요청과 외재적 요청을 동시에 가진다고 할 때, 내재와 외부를 연결하는 방법상의 오류들을 사례화하는 일이자 그것을 극복하기 위한 모색의 과정이다. 이미지를 통한 시 분석은, 대체로 감각적 수용 방식에 중심을 두는 것과 상상력을 매개로 환기되는 정서적 영역에 중심을 두는 것으로 분류할 수 있다. 그러나 두 방법은 그 접근 방향만 다를 뿐 하나의 과정 속에서 이미지를 설명하고 있는데, 문제는 그 방법론이 시인의 시 세계를 부수적인 차원으로 설명하고 만다는 데 있다. 이미지즘적 요소가 나타난다고 하더라도 시어를 통해 판단할 수 있는 언어적 특성은 각기 다른 방식으로 설명될 필요가 있다. 그 ‘다름’이 ‘이미지의 병치’라는 방법적 자질이나, 주체와 대상이 합일되는 원리로 일반화되기 힘들다. ‘이미지’는 시 속에 드러나는 방식을 통해 전혀 다른 해석적 과정을 요청한다. 즉 수사학적 방법론과 주제론적 의미론을 통합적으로 사유할 근거가 필요하다. 이 둘은 논의 방식에 따라 서로 모순을 만들기도 하지만, 모순이 드러난다고 해서 시의 위의가 폄하되는 것은 아닐 것이다. 오히려 해석의 다양한 가능성을 통해 그 모순의 실체에 접근하는 방법론이 필요하다. This thesis examines the connivance and exaggerations of the approaching methods from papers mainly discussing the ‘Imagism’ of the poems by Jung Ji Yong. This examination is a process of overcoming and exemplifying the methodological errors while connecting the implicit and explicit requests, as poetry analysis has both implicit and explicit requests. The analysis of poetry based on image can be categorized into either putting emphasis on the sensual acceptance method or the emotional domain that is aroused by imagination as a means. However, both of these methods are explaining an image within a same singular process although the directions are different. The problem occurs as this approach explains all the other dimensions of a poetry in an ancillary manner. Although ‘imagism’ factors appear in a poem, linguistic features that could be judged by poetic words must need a different explanation. That ‘difference’ can not be generalized by either the methodological feature known as ‘juxtaposition of images’ or the principle of unity of the subject and the object. ‘Images’ requires a completely different process of analysis based on the ways of how it is revealed throughout a poem. There is a need for grounds for integrating rhetorical methodologies and thematic semantics. These two methods often create contradictions. Such contradictions do not devalue the meaning or status of poetry. Rather, it is better to reveal various meanings to interpret the poem. And through its various meanings, we must approach the reality of contradictions. The meaning of the poem will then be more revealed.

계절 ARIMA모형을 이용한 스포츠센터의 여성회원객에 대한 수요예측

설민신(Min Sin Sul),박두용(Doo Yong Park) 한국여성체육학회 2011 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.25 No.3

As the number of female participants increases, the necessity of practical and scientific demand prediction of female sport participants is rising. In order to predict the demand, we performed a times-series analysis for female swimming, aerobic and yoga program in a sport center located in Yong-in during the period of October, 2004 - July, 2011. We have selected the ARIMA(1, 1, 0) model through diagnosing model specification - parametric estimation - model suitability diagnosis and analyzed through SPSS 18.0 version. According to our research, the number of female participant has decreased gradually from October to February and has increased after February as summer season approaches.

西北地方 木槨墓에 관한 硏究(上)

辛勇旻 東亞大學校 博物館 1991 考古歷史學志 Vol.7 No.-

面單位 農村地域의 類型化에 관한 硏究 : 西部慶南을 中心으로 Based on Sobu Kyongnam

愼英喆,李裕根,黃龍鎭 진주산업대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

本 硏究에서는 行政 및 文化生活의 基礎自 治單位인 西部慶南 9개 郡의 100개 面을 標本으로 삼아 因子分析方法등 여러 數理分析技法을 使用하여 村落의 形想를 3개 그룹으로 區分하며 農村地域의 特性을 나타내고 諸 指標를 利用하여 面單位의 農村地域의 土地利用特性과 類型化를 行하였다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. l) 判別된 平野村 25개, 準山村 49개, 山村 20개는 成功化率 94.0%로 3개 그룹으로 效率的인 村落區分이 이루어졌다. 2) 上位 5개 因子의 特性別 地域區分은 제1因子(人口가 많은 평야지대) 제2因子(畜産業이 盛한 地域), 제3因子(農家率이 높은 地域), 제4因子(果樹. 草地造成地域), 제5因子(沓作이 많은 地極)로 區分되었다. 3) 地域의 類型化는 Al類型(53개 面), A2類型(22개 面), B1類型(6개 面), B2類型(2개 面), C1類型(14개 面), C2類型(2개 面),D1類型(1개 面)의 7개 類型으로 區分되었다. 이러한 各 類型別 空間分布의 特性은 該當 農村地域의 地域開發과 關聯된 政策 이나 開發計劃樹立時 그 地域特性에 맞는 發展戰略과 手段이 될 것이다. This study is purposed to investigate the charactristics of using farm land and the classification of the area of rural community in Myo˘n Unit. With materials and methods to study in this paper, Cases and variables are given. The cases of rural settlement in So˘bu Kyo˘ngnam are one hundred. The variables of structure factor are twenty-three. The cases according to analysis are analysised by method of discriminant, factor and cluster analysis. From this study, The results obtained are as follows. 1) The cases of rural settlement are divided three groups by discriminant analysis. There are twenty-five plains, forty-nine Semi plains and twenty Mountain villages in So˘bu Kyo˘ngnam. 2) Five upper factors are analysised factor 1(populous plain), 2(high animal husbandry), 3(high farmhouse rate), 4(frute tree & pasture), 5(rice paddy field) on factor scores by factor analysis. 3) One hundred cases in So˘bu Kyo˘ngnam are classified according to rural settlement. Seven types of classification are the type of A1(53), A2(22), B1(6), B2(2), C1(14), C2(2), D(l).

複素測度와 Signed測度에 關한 小考

申鉉千,金容泰 成均館大學校 1962 論文集 Vol.7 No.-

This thesis was devoted to some concepts generalizing the concept of the measure. More specifically, we considered signed measures (difference of two finite measures) and complex masures v'+iv" (where v' and v" are signed measures). Among the most important properties were the facts that the collection of all signed (or complex) measures was a real (or comple) Branch space, and that any (finite) limit of a converging sequence of signed (or complex) measures was a signed (or complex) measure. We proved in this thesis that there existed a one-one correspondence between the collection of all measures v, initially defined (and finite) on the semi-ring of all cells in R_1, and the collection of all functions g(x) on R_1, increasing on R_1 and vanishing at the origin. In addition, it was shown that v was Lebesgue absolutely continuous if and only if the corresponding g(x) was the integral (between o and x) of its derivative g'(x) . In the exercises one may find the Lebesgue decomposition theorem for an increasing function in its original version.

公的 提案住宅 居住者의 住意識에 관한 硏究 : 부산시 용호동 2층조 4호 연립주택을 중심으로

愼鏞在 釜山工業大學校 1994 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

This field study is focused on the low-rise residents' dwelling conciousness in the public proposal named as '4 family type Yong-Ho low house settlement'. The results are summerised as follows ; 1) An extension of housing area is appeared in the 70% of all houses. Residents regard a small public court for several neighbors as a private property for everyone who lives near by. 2) Falling-off in quality of residence are appeared. -A ratio of length : width of housing unit is changed from 1 : 1 to 1 : 2 or 1 : 3. This housing adjustment involve a meaning of falling-off in quality. -The increased number of rooms dosen't mean the increasing quality of residence, because they use the additional rooms for rent. -Sometimes rooms which were penetrated by a moving-line and rooms without windows were appeared. 3) Dwelling conciousness of needs which based on sufficient of social, self-esteem and self-fulfillment is created to compensate falling-off in quality of residence as housing adjustment.

직장 항문기형에서 직장내 조명지침을 이용한 전방괄약근외형 접근법

신진용,조용훈,김해영,오남건 대한대장항문학회 2004 Annals of Coloproctolgy Vol.20 No.2

급성 운동 신경 축삭성 신경병증과 동반된 기관지내 이물 1예

조영신,전웅,이호성,최재성,나주옥,서기현,김용훈 순천향의학연구소 2008 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.14 No.1

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