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Tazarotene-Induced Gene 1 Enhanced Cervical Cell Autophagy through Transmembrane Protein 192
Shyu, Rong-Yaun,Wang, Chun-Hua,Wu, Chang-Chieh,Chen, Mao-Liang,Lee, Ming-Cheng,Wang, Lu-Kai,Jiang, Shun-Yuan,Tsai, Fu-Ming Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.12
Tazarotene-induced gene 1 (TIG1) is a retinoic acid-inducible protein that is considered a putative tumor suppressor. The expression of TIG1 is decreased in malignant prostate carcinoma or poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinoma, but TIG1 is present in benign or well-differentiated tumors. Ectopic TIG1 expression led to suppression of growth in cancer cells. However, the function of TIG1 in cell differentiation is still unknown. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, we found that transmembrane protein 192 (TMEM192) interacted with TIG1. We also found that both TIG1A and TIG1B isoforms interacted and co-localized with TMEM192 in HtTA cervical cancer cells. The expression of TIG1 induced the expression of autophagy-related proteins, including Beclin-1 and LC-3B. The silencing of TMEM192 reduced the TIG1-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity. Furthermore, silencing of either TIG1 or TMEM192 led to alleviation of the upregulation of autophagy induced by all-trans retinoic acid. Our results demonstrate that the expression of TIG1 leads to cell autophagy through TMEM192. Our study also suggests that TIG1 and TMEM192 play an important role in the all-trans retinoic acid-mediated upregulation of autophagic activity.
Populism in Taiwan: The Rise of a Populist-Democratic Culture in a Democratising Society
Huoyan Shyu 서울대학교행정대학원 2008 Asian Journal of Political Science Vol.16 No.2
Taiwan’s democratic transition has emerged alongside a rise of populism. Based on ananalysis of post-electoral survey data, it is shown that populist resentments embodiedin such emotion-laden campaign issues as ethnic identity, national identity and a party’simage of interest representation and clean politics have been the most efficient votegettingappeals in Taiwan’s post-authoritarian electoral competition between two majorpolitical parties, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the nationalistKuomintang (KMT). In Taiwan’s democratic transition, mass demands for the‘indigenisation’ of politics and the people’s worry about an ever-increasing militarythreat from Mainland China have also popularised as well as polarised these populistappeals. As empirical data show, due to its position as the first Taiwanese party with alion’s share of populist advantages, the DPP was able to win the 2000 and 2004presidential elections. In sum, Taiwan’s electoral politics in the past decade have givenrise to a kind of ‘populist-democratic culture’, which inclines Taiwanese politicians tobring up populist issues rather than the rational policy debates of an electoral democracy.