Research on Enterprise Supply Chain Management in E-commerce Era

Dong Shixue 한중경제문화학회 2022 한중경제문화연구 Vol.18 No.-

중국 신중식(新中式) 실내 스타일의 상공간 적용방법에 관한 연구

왕세학 ( Shixue Wang ),김주연 ( Jooyun Kim ) 한국공간디자인학회 2017 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.12 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 중국은 지금 다문화가 병행하여 발전하는 정보화 시대이며 인테리어 디자인 스타일 또한 다양한 트렌드를 나타내고 있다. 신중식 실내 스타일도 그 중 하나이다. 중국의 전통적 느낌이 나면서도 현대적 디자인의 세련된 장점을 그대로 유지하여, 자연스럽게 융화시켜 현대인들의 미에 대한 기준을 찾는 공간 스타일이다. 본 연구는 중국 신중식 실내 스타일의 긍정적인 가치와 맥락을 이해하고, 신중식 실내 스타일의 주요 디자인 특성을 파악함으로서 상공간을 중심으로한 디자인 적용방법을 도출함에 그 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 중국 신중식 스타일은 문헌고찰을 통해 개념을 정립하였는데, 4가지 적용 방법의(문양, 색, 재료, 가구) 개념을 정리 한 후 그의 따라 표현되는 7가지 공간 특성을 도출하였다. 그리고 사례연구를 통해 신중식 스타일의 적용 방법과 공간 특성으로 분류하여 분석 하였다. (결과) 사례분석을 통해서 신중식 스타일의 어떤 디자인 적용 방법을 사용하고 또한 그 디자인 적용 방법에 따라 어떠한 공간의 특성으로 나타나는지 도표로 산출하여 결과를 종합적으로 도출하였다. 5가지 사례분석을 문양, 색, 재료, 가구의 4가지 적용 방법 특성에 따라 종합적으로 분석하면 각 사례마다 강조하는 적용 방법을 통해 다양한 공간 특성이 색다르게 나타남을 알 수 있다. 전통 가구 적용방법에서는 활용성이 필요하지만 현실적으로 많은 부족함을 나타낸다. 신중식 실내 공간을 디자인 할 때 공간의 기능에 따라 방법을 다르게 적용하고 재료와 가구에 방법을 더 치중적으로 적용하면 상공간 안에 신중식 스타일을 더욱 깊이 나타낼 수 있다. 또한 문양, 색, 재료, 가구, 네 가지 적용 방법을 다섯 개의 사례 분석을 통해서 각각의 적용 방법의 유형에 대해 분류하여 적용 비율을 도출하면 문양 적용 방법 중에서 기하문양, 색 적용 방법 중에서 흰색, 재료 적용 방법 중에서 목재와 가구 적용 방법 중에서 병풍의 비율이 가장 높게 나타낸다. 이런 높은 비율의 적용 방법을 위주로 사용한다면 현대 실내 공간에 더욱 신중식 스타일의 공간을 보여 줄 수 있을 것이다. (결론) 신중식 실내 공간을 계획할 때 특히 각각 디자인 적용 방법의 특성을 강조하여 공간을 디자인 한다면 새로운 중국 전통 스타일의 분위기를 느낄 수 있는 상공간을 만들 수 있고, 또한 이런 다양한 적용 방법을 새롭게 제안하고 발전시키는 것이 중요하다. 신중식 스타일 적용 방법의 색다른 시도와 상공간 특성의 상호 관계는 새로운 유형에 의해 독특한 신중식 실내 공간을 구성하며, 중국 전통문화를 창의적이고 실험적으로 활용하는 것이 재현되어 중요한 시너지 요소가 될 수 있다. (Background and Purpose) China is currently witnessing the simultaneous development of information and multiculturalism. However, different trends in interior design remain in style, including the New Chinese Interior Style. This style is characterized by the natural integration of traditional Chinese style with a sophisticated modern design, proposing updated traditional aesthetic standards to modern people. The purpose of this study is to understand the context and value of the New Chinese Interior Style when applied to commercial interior spaces, in order to examine characteristics of conventional sites. (Method) Based on examples in which the New Chinese Interior Style was applied to commercial spaces, four application methods (pattern, color, material, furniture) and resulting spatial characteristics were investigated in this study. Based on notable cases in China, the creation process and seven spatial characteristics(symbolism, openness, diversity, contrast, materiality, harmony, utility)of the New Chinese Interior Style were examined. Characteristics of commercial interior spaces based on this style of design were largely divided into three categories - functional, ornamental, and expressive. - By discussing problems affecting each of these types of commercial spaces, this study investigates ways to improve the value of the New Chinese Interior Style within the context of commercial design. (Result) Based on the spaces examined, this study presents a diagram of findings related to the use of specific design application methods and the spatial characteristics of each application method. In these results, different types of interior spaces displayed different characteristics according to the application method employed. These results suggest that, although usability is the most important factor in applying traditional furniture designs, it is practically absent in current design applications. Methods used to apply New Chinese Interior Style elements within a space vary according to the function of the space, and presenting multiple examples of applying decorative materials to traditional furniture can enrich the use of New Chinese Interior Style in commercial spaces. The rate of application for the four methods (ornament, color, material, furniture) is deduced by classifying the type of each application method through a five case analysis: the rate of geometric ornament in the ornament application method, white color used in the color application method, wooden furniture used in the material application method, and folding screen in the furniture application method appear most often. (Conclusion) When designing spaces using the New Chinese Interior Style, emphasizing the spatial characteristics(symbolism, openness, diversity, contrast, materiality, harmony, utility)of different design application methods can help create a commercial space with added aspects of traditional Chinese atmosphere, and it is important to propose and develop various application methods for including such designs. The correlation between new application methods and characteristics of commercial spaces can help create unique interior designs using the New Chinese Style and bring out synergy by creatively and experimentally updating traditional Chinese styles.

Evolution of the Latin American Development Models in the 20<SUP>th</SUP> Century

Jiang Shixue 한국라틴아메리카학회 2001 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.14 No.1

Effect of Different Environments on Bond Strength of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer and Steel Reinforcing Bars

Jikai Zhou,Xudong Chen,Shixue Chen 대한토목학회 2012 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.16 No.6

The long-term durability of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars in concrete need to be investigated and analyzed. This paper presents an experimental investigation into comparison of the durability of the bond between GFRP and steel reinforcing bars in concrete under different environment. For all bars, five environmental conditioning media were used. The bond strength after exposure was considered as a measure of durability of the bond between the bars and concrete. Ninety pullout specimens were used to study the effect of different environment on bond strength of GFRP and steel bars to concrete. Experimental results showed no indication of any bond degradation due to the continuous immersion in tap water, alkaline and salt solutions for ninety days. To the contrary the bond strength values of the conditioned specimens were comparable or slightly higher than the bond of the controlled specimens. The acid+chloride solutions have more detrimental effect on bond strength of GFRP bars in concrete. GFRP and steel bars have similar bond strength retention under alkaline environment. And the rate of bond degradation is very slow due to concrete reinforcement. The long-term durability of Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) bars in concrete need to be investigated and analyzed. This paper presents an experimental investigation into comparison of the durability of the bond between GFRP and steel reinforcing bars in concrete under different environment. For all bars, five environmental conditioning media were used. The bond strength after exposure was considered as a measure of durability of the bond between the bars and concrete. Ninety pullout specimens were used to study the effect of different environment on bond strength of GFRP and steel bars to concrete. Experimental results showed no indication of any bond degradation due to the continuous immersion in tap water, alkaline and salt solutions for ninety days. To the contrary the bond strength values of the conditioned specimens were comparable or slightly higher than the bond of the controlled specimens. The acid+chloride solutions have more detrimental effect on bond strength of GFRP bars in concrete. GFRP and steel bars have similar bond strength retention under alkaline environment. And the rate of bond degradation is very slow due to concrete reinforcement.

Preparing <tex> ${\rm MgB}_{2}$</tex> With Excessive Mg Environment Sintering and Two-Step Sintering Approach

Sihai Zhou,Yun Zhang,Pan, A.V.,Shixue Dou,Koochae Chung,Jaimoo Yoo IEEE 2009 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.19 No.3

<P>MgB<SUB>2</SUB> superconductors were made with two processes in this work. In one case, the SiC doped MgB<SUB>2</SUB> pellets were sintered in excessive Mg medium. It is found that the samples sintered in excessive Mg medium present Mg-rich composition comparing with the one sintered in Ar gas. The density is higher and the resistance is lower due to the penetration of the Mg into the pores and grain boundary of MgB<SUB>2</SUB>, which is beneficial to the J<SUB>c</SUB> improvement. In the other case, a two-step process was employed to make MgB<SUB>2</SUB>. J<SUB>c</SUB> of the sample with the composition of MgB<SUB>4</SUB> is very low after the first sintering. The J<SUB>c</SUB> was dramatically improved after the second sintering, but J<SUB>c</SUB> of the two-step made sample is still poorer than the MgB<SUB>2</SUB> made with general one step sintering due to the connectivity deterioration caused by the pulverization prior to the second sintering.</P>

착시적 공간디자인 유형과 구현 가능성에 관한 연구

왕보검 ( Wang¸ Fuji ),김주연 ( Kim¸ Jooyun ),왕세학 ( Wang¸ Shixue ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.2

(연구배경 및 목적) 사람의 시지각은 실제 눈에 보여 지는 실체가 주변 자극의 영향을 받아 뇌에 전달되어 재해석된다. 재해석된 착시는 공간에서 흥미 있는 체험을 제공하고 색다른 경험으로 기억되게 한다. 기존 형태나 색체를 사고에서 벗어나 유희적 요소뿐만 아니라 사물의 본질에 대한 궁금증을 유발한다. 이러한 공간에 대한 관심과 이해 과정에서의 착시현상은 인간과 공간의 긴밀한 관계를 형성하는데, 이를 공간경험이라 한다. 결과적으로, 착시현상은 다양한 형태로 공간의 의미를 더할 수 있고 공간경험 측면에서 보는 이에게 차별화된 체험을 통해 새로운 경험을 제공 해준다. 본 연구는 착시기본유형과 공간에 적용된 착시유형을 파악하고, 사례 분석을 통하여 다양 한 공간에 구현 가능성과 방향성을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 연구방법으로는 이론적 고찰을 통해 착시와 착시현상의 차이를 이해하고 착시의 기본유형을 파악한다. 사례분석에 앞서 공간에서의 착시 특성을 알아보고 사례 8곳을 원근적 착시, 옵아트 착시, 시점적 착시, 매체적 착시로 분류하여 해당 공간의 착시적 요소와 특징, 특성을 분석한다. (결과) 착시기본유형은 공간의 외부요인과 내부요인에 따라서 공간에서 다양하게 형태, 재료, 빛에 의해 변화되어 각기 다른 해석된다는 것을 사례를 통해 알 수 있으며 착시가 적용된 공간은 원근적 착시, 옵아트 착시, 시점적 착시, 매채적 착시로 구분된다. 특히, 매체적 착시에서 폐쇄성을 제외한 근접성, 유사성, 연속성, 공동배열이 높게 나타난다. (결론) 사람의 지각 경험을 통해 착시 형성과정이 발생하는데, 착시의 기본 요소와 착시현상의 유형이 사물, 공간, 매체 영역 적용되어 사람들에게 유희적이면서 차별화된 경험을 제공한다. 일반적 공간구성에 있어 착시의요소인 미러는 외부적 환경에 의해 대칭적인 시각적 장면을 만들며 사람의 정서에 영향을 주는 색체는 공간의 풍부함을 제공한다. 오늘날 착시는 시 공간을 초월해 디지털 매체의 영역으로 확장하는 등, 온라인 공간에서의 착시 적용의 구현 가능성을 가진다. 코로나 19이후, 사람들은 재택에서의 업무로 휴식을 취해야 할 공간이 피로감으로 변하고 있다. 문화, 예술, 공공분야에서 적용된 착시현상이 디지털 매체에 적용하는 것은 한정된 공간을 초월해 무한한 공간에서 착시 현상을 자유롭게 적용할 수 있다. (Background and purpose) Human visual perception is transmitted to the brain and reinterpreted under the action of surrounding stimuli, rather than actually seeing visible entities, it is an experience. The existing forms and colors are different from things and arouse people's surprise. In the process of understanding, the interest and illusion of these spaces form a close connection between people and space, which is the so-called space experience. Illusion can increase the meaning of space in various forms, and provide a new experience for those from the perspective of space experience through differentiated experience. This study describes the basic types of illusion and space. By analyzing different types of optical illusions, and applying examples of these types of illusions and spaces, the applicability and application direction of various spaces are presented. (Method) As a research method, understand the difference between illusion and illusion through theoretical investigation, and understand the basic types of illusion. Before conducting case analysis, it is necessary to understand the characteristics of space illusion and attach 8 cases. When adjusting distance, optical illusion, viewpoint and medium, the characteristics and characteristics of optical elements in the relevant space will be analyzed. (Result) It can be seen from the example that the basic types of optical illusions change according to the external and internal factors of the space, various shapes, materials and light in the space, and have different interpretations. Hallucinations, point of view attachment and media attachment, especially proximity, similarity, continuity, and media attachment are important, but these do not include the enclosed characteristics. (Conclusion) The process of forming an optical illusion occurs through a person's perceptual experience, and the basic elements of the optical illusion and the type of optical illusion are applied in the areas of objects, spaces, and media, providing a playful and differentiated experience to people. In general spatial composition, the mirror, which is an element of optical illusion, creates a symmetrical visual scene by the external environment, and the color body that influences the emotions of people provides the richness of the space. Today, optical illusions have the potential to implement optical illusions in online spaces, such as transcending time and expanding into the realm of digital media. After Corona 19, the space where people need to take a break from working at home is turning into fatigue. The application of optical illusions applied in culture, art, and public fields to digital media transcends limited spaces and allows the use of optical illusions in infinite spaces freely.

Synthesis and characterization of phenol-formaldehyde resin using enzymatic hydrolysis lignin

Wei Qiao,Shujun Li,Guowan Guo,Shiyan Han,Shixue Ren,Yanli Ma 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.21 No.1

Enzymatic hydrolysis lignin (EHL) was utilized to partially replace phenol for preparing phenolformaldehyde(PF) resin. The influence of lignin substitution rate on the properties of the lignin-modifiedphenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resin was investigated. Lignin substitution of 60 wt% did not deteriorate theadhesive strength of PF resin. FTIR analysis of the resins revealed that the incorporation of EHL made nobig difference in chemical structure, but led to a deteriorated thermal resistance. The comparisonbetween LPF and bio-ethanol production residue-modified phenol-formaldehyde (RPF) resins elucidatedthat the purification processwas beneficial for its higher substitution application and better performanceof adhesive.

유치원과 실버하우스 복합시설의 공간특성에 관한연구 -미국, 유럽, 일본, 중국 중심으로-

유란란 ( Liu Lanlan ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ),왕세학 ( Wang Shixue ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.4

(연구배경 및 목적) 행정안전부가 2019년에 발표한 통계에 따르면 65세 이상의 인구가 800만 명 도달했지만 한국의 전체인구는 감소하고 있다고 한다. 산업이 발전함에 따라 출산율 저하와 노령화가 급속하게 진행되면서 실버하우스의 역할이 사회에서 중요시 되고 있는 상황이다. 현재, 노인시설의 수요 증가로 어린이시설과 노인시설을 복합화하여 부지확보가 어려운 도심지를 대상으로 복합화 개념을 도입하고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구는 미국, 유럽, 일본, 중국의 유치원과 실버하우스 복합시설의 사례분석을 통해 공간구성요소의 공간특성을 파악하여 향후 유치원과 실버하우스 복합시설의 공간구성에 기초자료로 사용하는데 목적이 있다. (연구방법) 연구 방법으로는 첫째, 이론적 고찰을 통해 복합공간의 개념과 종류를 살펴보고 둘째, 노인과 어린이의 신체적, 심리적, 사회적 특징을 파악하여 공간구성요소를 도출한다. 셋째, 공간구성요소를 분류하여 공간적 특성을 도출한다. 넷째, 이를 바탕으로 해외 유치원, 실버하우스의 복합시설 5곳을 대상으로 공간특성을 도출한다. (결과) 복합공간의 공간특성은 접근성, 안정성, 활동성, 개방성, 편의성이 있으며, 사례조사를 통해 기능중심의 공간특성인 접근성, 안전성, 편의성이 전반적으로 보통 이상 평가되지만 체험활동, 교류활동과 같은 어린이와 노인이 함께 할 수 있는 활동성, 개방성과 같은 공간의 역할이 부족하다. 보호자와 관리자들의 만족도를 높여주는 기능중심의 시설기반은 마련되어 있으나, 어린이와 노인을 고려한 감각적, 체험적 공간의 요소는 다소 부족하다. (결론) 고령화에 따른 실버하우스의 급증은 표면적 성과를 나타내고자 하는 성과이다. 저출산에 따른 어린이시설 수요 감소와 고령화에 따른 실버하우스의 수요 증가로 부지확보의 어려움에 있으나, 유치원과 실버하우스 복합공간을 통해 경제적 측면의 효과와 기존건물의 개보수를 통한 재생적 측면에 탁월하다. 다만, 어린이와 노인의 신체적, 심리적, 사회적 특징을 반영한 공간특성의 요소로는 기능 중심이 아닌 사용자 중심의 공간특성의 필요성이 부상한다. 이를 적용해 어린이와 노인들의 사용에 만족도를 높이고 향후, 공간프로그램 연구를 통해 보다 효과적인 유치원과 실버하우스 복합공간이 나오리라 기대한다. (Background and Purpose) Statistics released by the Ministry of Administration and Security in 2019 show that the population over 65 years old reached 8 million, but the total population of South Korea is declining. With the development of the industry and the decline in the birth rate ,the rapid development of aging, the role of the silver house has gained more and more attention in the society. Nowadays, with the increasing demand for facilities for the elderly and children's facilities Facilities for the seniors are integrated, and the concept of integration is being introduced to the central urban area where it is difficult to secure land. This research aims at understanding the spatial characteristics of spatial components through case studies of kindergartens and silver house complex facilities in The United States, Europe, Japan, and China, as the basic data for the spatial composition of future kindergartens and silver house complex facilities. (Method) Research methods include: first, to explore the concept and types of compound space through theoretical investigation, second, to grasp the physical, psychological and social characteristics of the senior and children to derive the spatial components. Third, classify the spatial components and obtain the spatial characteristics. Fourth, on this basis, the spatial characteristics of the five comprehensive facilities of overseas kindergartens and silver houses are derived. (Results) The spatial characteristics of the comprehensive space include barrier-freeness, stability, mobility, openness, and convenience. Through case investigations, the function-centered spatial characteristics of barrier-freeness, safety, and convenience are generally evaluated above average. But experience activities; lack of the role of space, such as communication activities, activities and openness where children and the seniors can be together. The establishment of a function-centric facility infrastructure can increase the satisfaction of guardians and managers, but considering the sensory and experience space elements of children and the seniors are lacking. (Conclusions) With the aging, the surge of silver houses is the result of hope to show superficial results. Due to the decrease in the demand for low-birth children's facilities and the increasing demand for silver houses by aging, there are difficulties in land security. However, through the kindergarten and silver house integrated space, the economic benefits and the regeneration of existing buildings are important Remarkable. However, the spatial feature elements that reflect the physical, psychological and social characteristics of children and the seniors are not function-centered, but the need for user-centered spatial characteristics rises. Looking forward to applying these to improve the satisfaction of children and the seniors , in the future, through space project research, more effective kindergarten and silver house integrated spaces will appear.

Edge-selectively Halogenated Graphene Nanoplatelets (XGnPs, X = Cl, Br, or I) and Used as Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Hyuk-Jun Noh,Jiantie Xu,In-Yup Jeon,Jeong-Min Seo,Shixue Dou,Liming Dai,Jong-Beom Baek 한국고분자학회 2016 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.41 No.2

Ruthenium nanocrystal decorated vertical graphene nanosheets@Ni foam as highly efficient cathode catalysts for lithium-oxygen batteries

Su, Dawei,Han Seo, Dong,Ju, Yuhang,Han, ZhaoJun,Ostrikov, Kostya,Dou, Shixue,Ahn, Hyo-Jun,Peng, Zhangquan,Wang, Guoxiu Nature Publishing Group 2016 NPG Asia Materials Vol.8 No.-

<P>The electrochemical performance of lithium-oxygen (Li-O-2) batteries can be markedly improved through designing the architecture of cathode electrodes with sufficient spaces to facilitate the diffusion of oxygen and accommodate the discharge products, and optimizing the cathode catalyst to promote the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, we report the synthesis of ruthenium (Ru) nanocrystal-decorated vertically aligned graphene nanosheets (VGNS) grown on nickel (Ni) foam. As an effective binder-free cathode catalyst for Li-O-2 batteries, the Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam can significantly reduce the charge overpotential via the effects on the OER and achieve high specific capacity, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. The Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam electrode has demonstrated low charge overpotential of similar to 0.45 V and high reversible capacity of 23 864 mAh g(-1) at the current density of 200 mA g(-1), which can be maintained for 50 cycles under full charge and discharge testing condition in the voltage range of 2.0-4.2 V. Furthermore, Ru nanocrystal decorated VGNS@Ni foam can be cycled for more than 200 cycles with a low overpotential of 0.23 V under the capacity curtained to be 1000 mAh g(-1) at a current density of 200 mA g-1. Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam electrodes have also achieved excellent high rate and long cyclability performance. This superior electrochemical performance should be ascribed to the unique three-dimensional porous nanoarchitecture of the VGNS@Ni foam electrodes, which provide sufficient pores for the diffusion of oxygen and storage of the discharge product (Li2O2), and the effective catalytic effect of Ru nanocrystals on the OER, respectively. Ex situ field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman and Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam can effectively decompose the discharge product Li2O2, facilitate the OER and lead to a high round-trip efficiency. Therefore, Ru-decorated VGNS@Ni foam is a promising cathode catalyst for rechargeable Li-O-2 batteries with low charge overpotential, long cycle life and high specific capacity.</P>