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COCCIDIOSIS CONTROL IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES
Marc Pagès,M. Dardi,M. de Gussem,J. Rubio,R. March,M. Shirley,D. Blake,E. del Cacho 한국가금학회 2012 한국가금학회 심포지움 Vol.2012 No.5
Avian coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases affecting the intensive poultry industry worldwide. Despite its outstanding importance and well-known relation with other factors that may influence the health status of the birds and its commercial performance, few studies are available on the distribution of Eimeria species in the field. In Europe the studies available until the present date are, Czech Republic(Kučera, 1990), France(Williams, 1996), UK(Chapman, 1982, Shirley 1995, Shirley 1997, Williams 2006, Eckert 1995), Norway(Haug, 2008)and Sweden(Thebo, 1998). Most of the published studies have been focused on identifying the seven species of Eimeria which affect Gallus gallus in a European country. However, the only survey that has been done exclusively with samples from broiler farms of Norway is Haug, 2008. In the present study, litter samples obtained in broiler farms from Spain, Belgium, Italy and France were evaluated for the presence of Eimeria species. The evaluation was done using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR) developed at IAH to specifically detect E.acervulina, E.maxima, E.mitis, E.praecox and E.tenella. Together with this molecular tool, oocyst counts and a morphometric evaluation test were also used to analyse the samples. Results obtained provide interesting data on the prevalence of species which affect the broiler birds in Europe as well as the percentage of farms with presence of each species. Together with prevalence data, rotation programs(anticoccidials-vaccines) appear to be of paramount importance to upgrade the flock performances. Data obtained in farms from the Netherlands confirms the advantage of using rotation programs with vaccines composed of Eimeria strains sensitive to anticoccidials.
( Shirley S M Fong ),( Shamay S M Ng ),( Anthony O T Li ),( X Guo ) 물리치료재활과학회 2014 Physical therapy rehabilitation science Vol.3 No.1
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the radial bone strength, sitting balance ability and global self esteem of wheelchair martial arts practitioners and healthy control participants. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Nine wheelchair martial art practitioners with physical disabilities and 28 able-bodied healthy individuals participated in the study. The bone strength of the distal radius was assessed using the Sunlight Mini-Omni Ultrasound Bone Sonometer; sitting balance was quantified using the modified functional reach test (with reference to a scale marked on the wall); and the self-administered Rosenberg self-esteem (RSE) scale was used to measure the global self-esteem of the participants. The velocity of the ultrasound wave (speed of sound, m/s) traveling through the outer surface of the radial bone was measured and was then converted into a T-score and a Z-score. These ultrasound T-score and Z-score that represent bone strength; the maximum forward reaching distance in sitting (cm) that represents sitting balance; and the RSE total self-esteem score that indicates global self-esteem were used for analysis. Results: The results revealed that there were no statistically significant between-group differences for radial bone strength, maximum forward reaching distance, or self-esteem outcomes. Conclusions: The wheelchair martial arts practitioners had similar radial bone strength, sitting balance performance and self-esteem to able-bodied healthy persons. Our results imply that wheelchair martial arts might improve bone strength, postural control and self-esteem in adult wheelchair users. This new sport-wheelchair martial arts-might be an exercise option for people with physical disabilities.
Clinical comparison between neuroendocrine and endometrioid type carcinoma of the uterine corpus
Shirley Mei,Jennifer Gibbs,Katherine Economos,Yi-Chun Lee,Margaux J. Kanis 대한부인종양학회 2019 Journal of Gynecologic Oncology Vol.30 No.4
Objective: To compare the clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes of neuroendocrine tumor of the uterine corpus (NET-U) to endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods: From 1993 to 2012, the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry was queried for women diagnosed with EC or NET-U. Data regarding stage, grade, presence of extra-uterine disease, lymph node metastasis, receipt of adjuvant radiation, surgical intervention and overall survival (OS) was extracted. Chi-square tests, t-tests and Kaplan Meir curves were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 98,363 patients were identified: 98,245 with EC and 118 with NET-U. The mean age at diagnosis for EC was 61.7 years and 64.8 years for NET-U (p=0.01). NET-U cases were more likely to be poorly differentiated (97.0% vs. 15.6%; p≤0.01) and have nodal metastasis (56.4% vs. 11.1%; p≤0.01) when compared to EC. Presence of extrapelvic disease at the time of diagnosis was observed more frequently in NET-U compared to EC, 49.1% vs. 4.8%, respectively (odds ratio=18; 95% confidence interval=13.1–27.2; p≤0.01). Significant improvement in OS was observed in NET-U patient who received radiation (OS: 7.7 vs. 3.3 years; p≤0.01) or underwent surgical management (5.6 vs. 0.9 years; p≤0.01). The OS for EC was 14.4 vs. 4.6 years for NET-U (p≤0.01). Conclusion: NET-U represents an aggressive form of uterine malignancy. When compared to EC, patients with NET-U present at more advanced stage, have more frequent extra-uterine disease and lower OS.
A Global Review of New Social Risks and Responses for Children and their Families
Shirley Gatenio Gabel,Sheila B. Kamerman 한국사회복지학회 2009 Asian Social Work and Policy Review Vol.3 No.1
Given global demographic and social trends, the need for new policy and program responses isessential. This article identifies and describes new and traditional social risks affecting children andtheir families in both industrialized and developing countries by region. Traditional risks continuein the developing as well as the industrialized countries but the extent and scale are very differentand the problems are far more severe in developing countries. In addition, new risks are now evidentand new policy responses are emerging. Attention to the new risks is increasing, with growinginvestment in services and policies facilitating the reconciliation of work and family life and nontraditionalfamilies. The citizens of many developing countries experience new risks as well, buttheir capacity to confront and address these risks is also more limited.