Pakistan, the NPT and the Non-Proliferation Regime

( Shireen M Mazari ) 한국국방연구원 2003 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.15 No.2

The article deals with the notion of Arms Control and Disarmament (AC&D), and argues that the two concepts are not linked but are conceptually distinguishable. Arms control can often hinder disarmament. For the developed states, the concept has evolved primarily in terms of economic efficiency and cost-effectiveness, whereas for the developing states, AC&D has been aimed at control of technology, rather than an overall effort to reduce arms levels. Pakistan`s approach to AC&D has been dominated by its regional defense and security concerns in relation to its conflictive relationship with India. Pakistan has also been aware of the discriminatory approach of the Western powers in dealing with Pakistan and Indian nuclear programs. Thus, while India`s nuclear program received US support, Pakistan, on the other hand was put under severe sanctions. However, despite these crippling sanctions, which were lifted only after the events of September 11, Pakistan continues to seek both multilateral and bilateral measures to enforce nuclear non-proliferation in South Asia, including a proposal for a nuclear free zone in the region.

Tradition and Habits

Shireen HASSAN 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 2013 이화여자대학교 아시아여성학센터 학술대회자료집 Vol.2013 No.1

Mechanical properties of sustainable green self-compacting concrete incorporating recycled waste PET: A state-of-the-art review

Shireen T. Saadullah,James H. Haido,Yaman S.S. Al-Kamaki Techno-Press 2023 Advances in concrete construction Vol.16 No.1

Majority of the plastic produced each year is being disposed in land after single-use, which becomes waste and takes up a lot of storage space. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find alternative solutions instead of disposal. Recycling and reusing the PET plastic waste as aggregate replacement and fiber in concrete production can be one of the eco- friendly methods as there is a great demand for concrete around the world, especially in developing countries by raising human awareness of the environment, the economy, and Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a key development in concrete technology that offers a number of attractive features over traditional concrete applications. Recently, in order to improve its durability and prevent such plastics from directly contacting the environment, various kinds of plastics have been added. This review article summarizes the latest evident on the performance of SCC containing recycled PET as eco-friendly aggregates and fiber. Moreover, it highlights the influence of substitution content, shape, length, and size on the fresh and properties of SCC incorporating PET plastic. Based on the findings of the articles that were reviewed for this study, it is observed that SCC made of PET plastic (PETSCC) can be employed in construction era owing to its acceptable mechanical and fresh properties. On the other hand, it is concluded that owing to the lightweight nature of plastic aggregate, Reusing PET waste in the construction application is an effective approach to reduces the earthquake risk of a building.

[발표3] Keeping Women Safe Online

Shireen Vakil 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 2022 한국여성정책연구원 세미나자료 Vol.2022 No.3

Discontinuous Galerkin finite element scheme for solving non-linear lumped kinetic model of non-isothermal reactive liquid chromatography

Shireen Zafar,Sadia Perveen,Shamsul Qamar 한국화학공학회 2023 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.40 No.3

A multi-component lumped kinetic model of non-isothermal and non-linear reactive liquid chromatography was formulated and approximated numerically to demonstrate thermal effects on reaction kinetics, adsorption equilibria, and conversion-separation studies in thermally insulated, packed bed, chromatographic reactors. The considered model is constituted of systems of non-linear convection diffusion reaction partial differential equations for mass and energy balances in the bulk phase coupled with differential equations for mass and energy balances in the stationary phase. In this work, a total variation bounded (TVB) Runge-Kutta local-projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method (DG-FEM) was derived and proposed for the numerical solutions of the model equations. The developed numerical method is robust, explicit, capable of resolving sharp discontinuities and is second-order accurate. System parametric studies treating heterogeneously catalyzed reversible reactions were performed through numerical simulations. The coupling between thermal and concentration fronts, the influence of temperature on reactor efficiency, and the conversion-separation of products are demonstrated through several consistency tests. The results, which authenticate the accuracy of the (DG-FEM) method, will be beneficial for interpreting mass and energy profiles in non-equilibrium and non-isothermal liquid chromatographic reactors and provide deeper insight into the sensitivity of the conversion-separation process.

Postgraduate surgical training in Malaysia

Shireen Anne Nah 대한외과학회 2023 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2023 No.5

Stock Market Response to Elections: An Event Study Method

CHAVALI, Kavita,ALAM, Mohammad,ROSARIO, Shireen Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.5

The research paper examines the influence of elections on the stock market. The study analyses whether the market reaction would be the same when a party wins and comes to power for the second consecutive time. The study employs Market Model Event study methodology. The sample period taken for the study is 2014 to 2019. A sample of 31 companies listed in Bombay Stock Exchange is selected at random for the purpose of the study. For the elections held in 2014, an event window of 82 days was taken with 39 days prior to the event and 42 days post event. The event (t0) being the declaration of the election results. For the elections held in 2019 an event window of 83 days was taken with 41 days prior to the event and 41 days post event. The results indicate that the market reacts positively with significantly positive Average Abnormal Returns. The findings of the study reveal that the impact on the market is not the same between any two elections even when the same party comes to power for the second time. The semi-strong form of efficient market hypothesis holds true in the context of emerging markets like India.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A State-of-the-Art Review

Wah-Kheong Chan,Kee-Huat Chuah,Ruveena Bhavani Rajaram,Lee-Ling Lim,Jeyakantha Ratnasingam,Shireene Ratna Vethakkan 대한비만학회 2023 Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome Vol.32 No.3

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the latest term for steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome. MASLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and is the leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. It is important that all stakeholders be involved in tackling the public health threat of obesity and obesity-related diseases, including MASLD. A simple and clear assessment and referral pathway using non-invasive tests is essential to ensure that patients with severe MASLD are identified and referred to specialist care, while patients with less severe disease remain in primary care, where they are best managed. While lifestyle intervention is the cornerstone of the management of patients with MASLD, cardiovascular disease risk must be properly assessed and managed because cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality. No pharmacological agent has been approved for the treatment of MASLD, but novel anti-hyperglycemic drugs appear to have benefit. Medications used for the treatment of diabetes and other metabolic conditions may need to be adjusted as liver disease progresses to cirrhosis, especially decompensated cirrhosis. Based on non-invasive tests, the concepts of compensated advanced chronic liver disease and clinically significant portal hypertension provide a practical approach to stratifying patients according to the risk of liver-related complications and can help manage such patients. Finally, prevention and management of sarcopenia should be considered in the management of patients with MASLD.

Isorhamnetin inhibits proliferation and invasion and induces apoptosis through the modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 관 activation pathway in gastric cancer.

Ramachandran, Lalitha,Manu, Kanjoormana Aryan,Shanmugam, Muthu K,Li, Feng,Siveen, Kodappully Sivaraman,Vali, Shireen,Kapoor, Shweta,Abbasi, Taher,Surana, Rohit,Smoot, Duane T,Ashktorab, Hassan,Tan, Pa American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2012 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.287 No.45

<P>Gastric cancer (GC) is a lethal malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Although treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery have led to a decline in the mortality rate due to GC, chemoresistance remains as one of the major causes for poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. In this study, we investigated the potential effects of isorhamnetin (IH), a 3'-O-methylated metabolite of quercetin on the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor 관 (PPAR-관) signaling cascade using proteomics technology platform, GC cell lines, and xenograft mice model. We observed that IH exerted a strong antiproliferative effect and increased cytotoxicity in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. IH also inhibited the migratory/invasive properties of GC cells, which could be reversed in the presence of PPAR-관 inhibitor. We found that IH increased PPAR-관 activity and modulated the expression of PPAR-관 regulated genes in GC cells. Also, the increase in PPAR-관 activity was reversed in the presence of PPAR-관-specific inhibitor and a mutated PPAR-관 dominant negative plasmid, supporting our hypothesis that IH can act as a ligand of PPAR-관. Using molecular docking analysis, we demonstrate that IH formed interactions with seven polar residues and six nonpolar residues within the ligand-binding pocket of PPAR-관 that are reported to be critical for its activity and could competitively bind to PPAR-관. IH significantly increased the expression of PPAR-관 in tumor tissues obtained from xenograft model of GC. Overall, our findings clearly indicate that antitumor effects of IH may be mediated through modulation of the PPAR-관 activation pathway in GC.</P>

Risk Prediction and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease in People Living with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Ying-Guat Ooi,Tharsini Sarvanandan,Nicholas Ken Yoong Hee,Quan-Hziung Lim,Sharmila S. Paramasivam,Jeyakantha Ratnasingam,Shireene R. Vethakkan,Soo-Kun Lim,Lee-Ling Lim 대한당뇨병학회 2024 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.48 No.2

People with type 2 diabetes mellitus have increased risk of chronic kidney disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Improved care delivery and implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy have contributed to the declining incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in high-income countries. By contrast, the global incidence of chronic kidney disease and associated mortality is either plateaued or increased, leading to escalating direct and indirect medical costs. Given limited resources, better risk stratification approaches to identify people at risk of rapid progression to end-stage kidney disease can reduce therapeutic inertia, facilitate timely interventions and identify the need for early nephrologist referral. Among people with chronic kidney disease G3a and beyond, the kidney failure risk equations (KFRE) have been externally validated and outperformed other risk prediction models. The KFRE can also guide the timing of preparation for kidney replacement therapy with improved healthcare resources planning and may prevent multiple complications and premature mortality among people with chronic kidney disease with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present review summarizes the evidence of KFRE to date and call for future research to validate and evaluate its impact on cardiovascular and mortality outcomes, as well as healthcare resource utilization in multiethnic populations and different healthcare settings.