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신영준,장명덕,배진호,권난주,여상인,이희순,노석구 한국초등과학교육학회 2005 초등과학교육 Vol.24 No.2
In this study, we had tried to present a plan for improving the actual conditions of practical utilization of teaching material for 6th grade science developed by Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development and distributed to all elementary schools in Korea. Also we presented ways of better utilization of the teaching material after investigating the actual conditions of practical utilization. A survey was made to investigate and collect all data in the major metropolitan cities, the Kangwon, Chungcheong, Honam, and Kyeongsang area, respectively. We surveyed 316 6th grader teachers to investigate the actual conditions of distribution and utilization of teaching material as a general research. In addition, we surveyed 46 teachers to investigate the organization and content of teaching material as a particular research. The results are as follows. First, the teaching material was not approximately transmitted and kept to 6th grader teachers. Second, the utilization guide was not made. Third, it was reported that the thematic divisions of teaching material was a strong point, but the less detailed experiment manual was a weak point. Fourth, the consideration of content difficulties and simplicity was necessary to improve the material. Fifth, additional items should be included in the introductory presentation, convenience of reorganization, activity material causing learning interest, guidance of substitution experiment, and more concrete notice of experiment activity. Finally, there were positive responses of more than 4.0 point of Likert scale (1 to 5 point scale) in detail investigations of thematic items, which could have possibility that the teaching material was helpful to elementary school science field.
세균속간 시데로포아 생산능의 비교에 Chrome azurol S 한천배지 확산법의 응용
배영훈,박라영,신성희 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.2
연구배경 : 세균이 생산하는 시데로포아를 정량적으로 측정하기 위한 새로운 측정법인 chrome azurol S 한천배지 확산법(CASAD)이 저자들에 의해 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 이 CASAD 법이 세균속간 시데로포아 생산을 비교하는 데에도 사용될 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: Staphvlococcus aureus, Staphylococcus eptdermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio vulnificus 균을 철을 제거한배지에 트렌스페린을 철공급원으로 공급한 배지에서 배양하면서 세균들의 증식은 파장 600 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하여 관찰하고 시데로포아 생산능은 CASAD법을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 트렌스페린으로부터 철을 획득하는 능력을비교하기 위하여 6 M urea를 함유하는 전기영동법을 사용하였다. 결과: 세균속간 시데로포아 생산능에는 큰 차이가 있었다. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa는 B. cereus, B. subtilis, V. vulnificus체 비해 더 많은 양의 시데로포아를 생산할 수 있었고 트렌스페린으로부터 철을 더 효율적으로 획득할 수 있었으며 트렌스페린이 첨가된 배지에서 더 잘 자랄 수 있었다. 시데로포아 생산능과 트렌스페린으로부터 철을 획득하는 능력에는 밀접한 상관관계가 있었다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 저자들은 CASAD법이 세균속간 시데로포아 생산능을 비교하는데에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. Background: We recently developed a new chrome azurol S agar diffusion (CASAD) assay for the quantitative analysis of siderophore production. This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of the CASAD assay for the comparison of the ability to produce siderophore among different genera of bacteria. Materials and Methods: Strains of Staphy lococctis aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus cereus, Bacilhis subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio vulniftctis were used. The bacteria were cultured in deferrated heart infusion broth containing transferrin at 37℃ for 24 hours. During the cultures, Bacterial growth was measured by OD_(600), siderophore production was measured by CASAD assay, and iron-removal from transferrin was measured by 6 M urea-gel electrophoresis. Results: There was a big difference in the ability of the bacteria to produce siderophores. S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa produced larger amounts of siderophores than B. cereus, B. subtilis, and V. vulnificus. S. aureus. S. epidermidis, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa utilized more efficiently transferrin-bound iron than B. cereus, B. subtilis, and V. vulnificus. The ability of the bacteria to produce siderophores was consistent with the ability of the bacteria to grow on transferrin-bound iron and to uptake iron from human transferrin. Conclusion: Through this study, we found that the CASAD assay is a useful universal method that can be applied for the intergeneric comparison of the ability to produce siderophores.
Shin, Sung-Heui,Sun, Hui-Yu,Park, Ra-Young,Kim, Choon-Mee,Kim, Soo-Young,Rhee, Joon-Haeng Elsevier 2005 FEMS microbiology letters Vol.247 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>In order to elucidate the role of <I>Vibrio vulnificus</I> metalloprotease VvpE in the uptake of iron from human transferrin, we constructed a VvpE-deficient mutant and a merozygotic <I>vvpE</I>-transcriptional reporter from the wild type strain MO6-24/O. All three strains were able to grow only in deferrated Heart Infusion broth (DF-HI) with human holotransferrin (HT), but not in DF-HI containing partially iron-saturated transferrin or apotransferrin, without noticeable differences among the strains. All strains consumed most iron in the early growth phase. Both the transcription and extracellular production of VvpE proceeded at undetectable levels when bacterial growth was severely retarded in the DF-HI. When HT or FeCl<SUB>3</SUB> was added to the DF-HI, the retarded bacterial growth was restored and <I>vvpE</I> transcription dramatically increased in the late growth phase, but the extracellular VvpE production was negligible as compared to its transcription. All strains were unable to degrade HT even in normal HI broth containing HT, in which extracellular VvpE activity was remarkably high. The uptake of iron from HT in all strains was consistent with the production of catechol-siderophore rather than hydroxamate-siderophore. Similar results were also observed when clinical isolates from septicemic patients were used. In conclusion, we determined that VvpE was not directly involved in the siderophore-mediated iron-uptake from human transferrin. In addition, the discrepancy between the transcription and extracellular production of VvpE suggests that additional posttranscriptional events are involved in the extracellular production of VvpE.</P>
Inactivation of <i>Vibrio vulnificus</i> Hemolysin by Oligomerization but Not Proteolysis
Shin, Sung-Heui,Sun, Hui-Yu,Choi, Mi-Hwa,Park, Ra-Young,Bai, Young-Hoon,Kim, Choon-Mee,Kim, Soo-Young,Kim, Young-Ran,Lee, Shee-Eun,Rhee, Joon-Haeng Pharmaceutical Society of Japan 2005 BIOLOGICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN Vol.28 No.7
<P><I>Vibrio vulnificus</I> extracellular protease (VvpE) is believed to destroy its hemolysin (VvhA) in the late growth phase, without obvious experimental evidence. So, we attempted to elucidate the mechanism. The hemolytic activity steeply increased with the expression of the VvhA in the early growth phase, and then abruptly declined with the expression of VvpE in the late growth phase. However, the VvhA activity also abruptly declined in a VvpE-deficient mutant. In Western blot, the degradation of VvhA was not observed; instead, the oligomerization of VvhA increased with the concomitant loss of hemolytic activity. These results evidently indicate that the inactivation of VvhA is due to the novel oligomerization of VvhA by unknown mechanism, but not to the destruction of VvhA by VvpE, so that the routine functional assay measuring hemolytic activity cannot reflect the actual production of VvhA.</P>
Shin, Sun Mi,Cho, Kyu Suk,Choi, Min Sik,Lee, Sung Hoon,Han, Seol-Heui,Kang, Young-Sun,Kim, Hee Jin,Cheong, Jae Hoon,Shin, Chan Young,Ko, Kwang Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2010 Neurochem Res Vol.35 No.7
<P>In response to brain injury, microglia migrate and accumulate in the affected sites, which is an important step in the regulation of inflammation and neuronal degeneration/regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effect of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) on the BV-2 microglial cell migration. At resting state, BV-2 microglial cells secreted uPA and the release of uPA was increased by ATP, a chemoattractant released from injured neuron. The migration of BV-2 cell was significantly induced by uPA and inhibited by uPA inhibitors. In this condition, uPA increased the activity of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and the inhibition of MMP activity with pharmacological inhibitors against either uPA (amiloride) or MMP (phenanthrolene and SB-3CT) effectively prevented BV2 cell migration. Interestingly, the level of MMP-9 protein and mRNA in the cell were not changed by uPA. These results suggest that the increase of MMP-9 activity by uPA is regulated at the post-translational level, possibly via increased activation of the enzyme. Unlike the uPA inhibitor, plasmin inhibitor PAI-1 only partially inhibited uPA-induced cell migration and MMP-9 activation. The incubation of recombinant MMP-9 with uPA resulted in the activation of MMP-9. These results suggest that uPA plays a critical role in BV-2 microglial cell migration by activating pro-MMP-9, in part by its direct action on MMP-9 and also in part by the activation of plasminogen/plasmin cascade.</P>
국내 상급종합병원과 종합병원에서의 정맥주입간호실무지침에 대한 태도와 확산정도
은영(Young Eun),구미옥(Mee Ok Gu),조용애(Young Ae Cho),김신미(Shin Mi Kim),정재심(Jae Shim Jeong),권정순(Jeong Soon Kwon),유정숙(Cheong Suk Yoo),정영선(Young Sun Jeong),정인숙(In Sook Jung),김경숙(Kyeong Sug Kim)이선희(Seon Heui Lee 한국근거기반간호학회 2014 근거와 간호 Vol.2 No.1
Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the level of attitudes to and diffusion of Intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline in advanced general hospitals and general hospitals in Korea. Methods: The subjects were 41 nurses who were in charge of guideline diffusion in 41 advanced general hospitals and general hospitals. Data were collected between September 25 and November 2, 2014 by mail (return rates: 68.3 %). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 18.0. Results: The average attitude score of guideline among nurses in charge of guideline diffusion were 3.98±0.38 (range 1~5). The average guideline diffusion score and levels of diffusion was 2.26±1.39 (level of “persuasion of nursing knowledge”) for staff nurses, 3.05±0.86 (level of “use sometimes”) for nurses in charge of guideline diffusion, 2.87±0.78 (level of “use sometimes”) for nurse directors. 41.4 % of nursing divisions in 41 hospitals reviewed the intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline, educated the guideline to nurses, and implemented the guideline in clinical practice for guideline diffusion. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that nurses in charge of intravenous infusion nursing practice guideline in hospitals had positive attitude for guideline. The levels of guideline diffusion in hospitals was “persuasion of nursing knowledge” to “use sometimes”. Therefore, the strategies for promoting the diffusion and implementation of guideline in clinical practice in the level of nursing division is needed. Further study of outcome evaluation of guideline implementation will be needed.