동맥혈 채혈후 시간 경과 및 온도 변화가 가스분압 및 PH 에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김동수,이승환,김건식,강화자,신광일,여민구 대한마취과학회 1989 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.22 No.6

Blood gas samples are highly susceptible to preanalytic error due to improper methods of obtaining or handling the sample prior to delivery to the laboratory. The errors in the measurement of blood gas analysis are currently derived from the exposure of sample to atmosphere, effects of anticoagulant itself, temperature difference between the measuring electrode and drawn blood and the delay in running the sample. To study the effects of the delay in measuring the sample and the temperature difference between the measuring electrode and drawn blood on values of blood gases and pH, we analyzed the arterial sampling from the 24 patients who were taking elective surgery or on his/her recovery period with indwelling arterial catheter. The plastic sampling syringes were kept at 4。C (refrigerator) or 22。-24。C (room temperature) and analyzed at regular intervals (1, 10, 30, 60,120 min) for 120 minutes. The following results were obtained: 1) When the arterial blood drawn from the anesthetized patients were stored 4。C, partial pressure of oxygen (PaO₂) decreased significantly after 20 min, whereas those stored at room temperature decreased significantly after 10 min. 2) When the arterial blood drawn from the recovery patients were stored at 4。C, PaO₂ did not decrease significantly through the experimental period of 120 min. Although those stored at room temperature did not decrease significantly through the period of 120 min. 3) Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the arterial blood (PaCO₂,) drawn from the anesthetized patients increased significantly by 120 min. at 4。C, whereas those at room temperature increased significantly after 20 min. 4) PaCO₂, of the recovery patients increased signigicantly by 120 min. at 4。C, whereas those at room temperature increased significantly after 30 min. 5) pH of the arterial blood drawn from either anesthetized or recovery patients decreased significantly by 120 min. at 4。C, whereas those at room temperature decreased significantly after 60 min. 6) No significant changes al oxygen saturation (SaO₂) and content (CaO₂) were noted in either anesthetized or recovery. patients in accordance with time elapsed at 4。C or room temperature. In summary, as the changes of PO₂ in particular higher than physiologic PO₂ and PCO₂ in the arterial blood stored at room temperature are significant in accordance with the delay in measuring, it would be advisable to analyze the sample in a short period of time or to store it in a cool place when the measuring will be delayed.

가열 조건을 달리한 단호박 페이스트와 검 종류별 단호박 라떼의 품질특성

박보람,김나정,유선미,한귀정,김하윤,한혜민,신동선,신말식,Park, Bo-ram,Kim, Na-Jung,Yoo, Seon-Mi,Han, Gwi Jung,Kim, Ha Yoon,Han, Hye-min,Shin, Dong-Sun,Shin, Malshick 한국식품조리과학회 2015 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.31 No.3

가열 조건에 따른 단호박 페이스트를 제조하기 위해, 단호박을 15분 간 초벌 증숙한 뒤, 고압가열 처리 0분(A), 10분(B), 20분(C), 40분(D) 실시하여 실험군의 품질특성 을 조사하였다. 그 결과 일반성분의 경우, 대체적으로 고 압가열 처리 유무에 따른 유의적 차이가 관찰되었으며, 고압가열 처리한 B, C, D 실험군의 수분함량, 조단백질, 조섬유가 고압가열 무처리군 A에 비해 감소하였고, 가용성 무질소물은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 가열 조건별 단호박 페이스트의 수용성식이섬유는 고압가열 20분 처리군인 C의 측정치가 2.02로 가장 높았으며 무처리군인 A의 1.60 보다 증가하였고, 고압가열 처리 40분의 경우 오히려 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 색도의 L 값은 고압가열 무처리군인 A가 52.20에서 고압가열 처리 10분, 20분, 40분으로 시간이 증가함에 따라 각각 50.33, 49.46, 48.06으로 감소하였고, a 값과 b 값 또한 유의적인 차이를 보이며 감소하였다. 현미경을 통한 단호박 페이스트의 현탁액 입자를 관찰한 결과 카로티노이드를 포함하는 유세포가 관찰되었으며 고압가열 처리와 그 시간이 증가함에 따라 단호박 유세포의 변형이 뚜렷하게 관찰되었으나, 부유안정성 실험 결과 실험군 A, B, C, D 간 차이가 없었다. 이때, 가열조건의 선택은 수용성 식이섬유의 증가, 환원당 증가, 단맛의 관능특성이 유의적으로 높고, 전반적 기호도가 가장 우수한 것으로 나타난 고압가열 처리 20분인 C 실험군으로 결정하였다. 선택된 조건의 단호박 페이스트에 식품가공 시 널리 사용되는 검류인 xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum을 단호박 페이스트에 종류별로 첨가하여 부유안정성을 확인하였는데, 이 결과 guar gum, locust bean gum, xanthan gum 순으로 부유안정성 효과를 나타냈으며 locust bean gum과 xanathan gum은 비슷한 정도의 효과를 보였다. 또한 관능검사를 통한 기호도 확인 결과 텍스쳐와, 전반적인 기호도가 가장 우수했으므로 locust bean gum(0.2%) 첨가 단호박 라떼의 품질이 가장 적절할 것으로 판단된다. For the production of pumpkin paste with respect to heating conditions, we steamed the pumpkin for roughly 15 min, heated it with high pressure treatment for 0 min (A), 10 min (B), 20 min (C), 40 min (D), and subsequently investigated the quality characteristics. Generally a significant difference was observed between the pumpkin paste treated with and without high-pressure heat. The values of water content, crude protein and crude fiber of the high-pressure heat-treated groups B, C, D were decreased compared with untreated group A. The soluble fiber in experimental group B sweet-pumpkin paste treated with high-pressure heat for 20 min was higher than the control, and the highest value at 2.02. Experimental group D sweet-pumpkin paste treated with high-pressure heat for 40 min was found to have a decreased soluble fiber content relative to the control. The L value for the color of the group A untreated control sweet-pumpkin paste (no high-pressure heating) decreased as the time increased from 10 min to 40 min, with L values of 50.33, 49.46, and 48.06, respectively. The b value for the color of the sweet-pumpkin paste also decreased, showing a significant difference. Taking into account all the results, we chose experimental group B in order to prepare sweet-pumpkin latte. We used 0.2% gum (xanthan gum, locust bean gum, guar gum) as a stabilizer. Sweet-pumpkin latte with xanthan and locust bean gum has a suspension stability effect that lasts 90 min. The L and b values of sweet-pumpkin latte with gums increase and a value decrease compared with the control. In terms of the overall acceptance of the sweet-pumpkin latte, the experimental group with xanthan gum scored the best.

Effect of sous-vide cooking conditions on the physicochemical, microbiological and microstructural properties of duck breast meat

Dong-Min Shin,Jong Hyeok Yune,Dong-Hyun Kim,Sung Gu Han Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.10

Objective: Sous-vide cooking offers several advantages for poultry meat, including enhanced tenderness, reduced cooking loss, and improved product yield. However, in duck meat, there are challenges associated with using the sous-vide method. The prolonged cooking time at low temperatures can lead to unstable microbial and oxidative stabilities. Thus, we aimed to assess how varying sous-vide cooking temperatures and durations affect the physicochemical and microbial characteristics of duck breast meat, with the goal of identifying an optimal cooking condition. Methods: Duck breast meat (Anas platyrhynchos) aged 42 days and with an average weight of 1,400±50 g, underwent cooking under various conditions (ranging from 50℃ to 80℃) for either 60 or 180 min. Then, physicochemical, microbial, and microstructural properties of the cooked duck breast meat were assessed. Results: Different cooking conditions affected the quality attributes of the meat. The cooking loss, lightness, yellowness, Hue angle, whiteness, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) values of the duck breast meat increased with the increase in cooking temperature and time. In contrast, the redness and chroma values decreased with the increase in cooking temperature and time. Cooking of samples higher than 60℃ increased the volatile basic nitrogen contents and TBARS. Microbial analysis revealed the presence of Escherichia coli and Coliform only in the samples cooked at 50℃ and raw meat. Cooking at lower temperature and shorter time increased the tenderness of the meat. Microstructure analysis showed that the contraction of myofibrils and meat density increased upon increasing the cooking temperature and time. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the optimal sous-vide method for duck breast meat was cooking at 60℃ for 60 min. This temperature and time conditions showed good texture properties and microbial stability, and low level of TBARS of the duck breast meat.

이차함수에서 두 변량사이의 관계 인식 및 표현의 발달 과정 분석: 민선의 경우를 중심으로

이동근 ( Dong Gun Lee ),문민정 ( Min Joung Moon ),신재홍 ( Jaehong Shin ) 한국수학교육학회 2015 수학교육 Vol.54 No.4

The aim of this qualitative case study is twofold: 1) to analyze how an eleventh-grader, Min-Seon, conceive and represent a pattern of change between two varying quantities in a quadratic functional situation, and 2) further to help her form a concept of ``derivative`` as a tool to express the relationship with employing a concept of ``rate of change.`` The result indicates that Min-Seon was able to construct graphs of piecewise functions that take average rates of change as range of the functions, and managed to conjecture the derivative of a quadratic function, y=x ^{2}. In conclusion, we argue that covariational approach could not only facilitate students`` construction of an initial function concept, but also support their understanding of the concept of ``derivative.``

한국무속의 '신병'에 대한 진단분류연구

서동혁,이부영,신민섭,유희철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.6

To study nosologically the Korean shaman's initiation sickness, 'Shin-Byong', the authors investigated 29 shamans with Symptom Check List-90-R(SCL-90-R) and questionnaire without visiting and interviewed 70 shamans using SCL-90-R, questionnaire and The Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime(SADS-L). All shamans were located in Seoul. The results were as follows : 1) Among symptom groups of SCL-90-R, 'Shin-Byong' were associated with higher scores in depression, somatization, psychoticism and hostility group in descending order. 2) With DSM-Ⅲ-R classification, 87.2% of 'Shin-Byong' cases were mood disorders, Another 8.6% of cases were somatization and dissociative disorders and two disorders were related with dissociative phenomenon. Considering the diagnosis of manic episodes in this study, it seems to be a part of dissociative phenomenon, 'Shin-Byong' is the syndrome that is mainly composed of depression and disorders, which are related with dissociative phenomenon. 3) Shamans have teleologic thinking that 'Shin-Byong' is the phenomenon to receive spirits and diagnose intuitively. They think the main therapeutic method is recieving spirits, In conclusion, 'Shin-Byong' isn't a real disease entity but it is a shamanistic disease concept transformed during the shamanistic therapeutic process for depression patients with high dissociative tendency and dissociative disorder.

신동민의 혼성합창곡 [논개]의 분석 연구

신동민(Dong Min Shin) The Research and Information Service 2007 남부대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

음악은 항상 그 시대의 사회적 경향을 반영하였으며 그 것을 음악 예술로서 승화시켜 왔다. 혼성합창콕 [논개]의 작곡된 시기를 보면 2000년을 기점 으로 한국 과 일본은 '독도표기문제', '역사교과서왜곡', '야스쿠니 신사참배 등의 외교적 마찰을 한국 및 동아시아 국가에 이르기 까지 끊임없이 이어오고 있다. 결국 사회의 이슈가 된 일본과의 분쟁에 태하여 작곡자는 자신의 진보적인 음악성 향을 사회 적으로 고찰하기 위하여 혼성합창곡 [논개]를 창작한 곡이라고 할 수 있다. 합창곡 가사 또한, 1500년대 일본과의 임진왜란 때 역사적 인 물 [논개]의 충절을 빌어서 과거의 역사적 사실만을 발하려는 것이 아니라, 당대의 현 실 즉, 우리나라를 침탈하여 식민지로 만든 일제에 대하여 민족적 정기를 노래하고자 한 가사를 바탕으로 작곡된 것이다. 또한 주제 선율의 전개는 짧은 악절에서 긴 악구로 발전하여 거대한 바다를 연상케 하며, 조성은 단조로부터 관계조에 의한 전조를 통하여 다양한 화음 군을 형성한다. 이러한 규칙적인 화음은 전통법칙에 의거하나 불규칙적인 화음은 작곡가가 임의로 생산한 것을 사용하였다.

허혈 유사 조건이 심방근의 활동전위 특성에 미치는 영향

김재하,주정민,조용범,신동호,안병희,주신배,김상형 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11

Casein micelle 의 조성에 관한 연구 : I. Micelle 크기 별에 따른 각 casein 의 구성비율 I. The relative amounts of individual caseins in the different casein micelles

김영교,신동철,전우민 한국낙농학회 1984 韓國酪農學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

本 實驗은 casein miceile의 크기에 따른 각종 casein의 構成成分을 究明하고자 超遠心分離機를 利用하여 casein micelle을 크기 別로 分類하고 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography를 이용하여 각 casein의 構成比率을 조사하였다. 그 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 脫脂乳를 100,000×g에서 각각 30分, 60分, 90分동안, 200,000×g에서 60分동안 遠心分離하였을 때 沈澱되는 casein micelle 量은 45.00%, 61.43%, 80.00% 및 95.00%였으며 沈澱되지 않는 serum casein量은 55.00%, 38.57%, 20.00% 및 5.00%였다. 2. 脫脂乳를 100,000×g에서 時間 差에 따라서 遠心分離하였을 때 각각 沈澱되는 casein micelle量은 10分間에는 全 casein量의 23.13%, 11∼30分間에는 30.26%, 31∼60分間에는 28.11%였으며, 60分問의 遠心分離에 의해서 沈澱되지 않는 serum casein은 17.79%였다. 3. 時問 差로 遠心分離하여 얻어진 casein micelle중 각 casein의 構成比率을 測定한 結果, α_s-casein, β-casein, κ-casein 및 γ-casein의 상대적인 量은 100,000×g, 10分의 pellet에서 각각 54%, 29%, 11% 및 6%였고, 100,000×g, 11∼30分의 pellet에서는 각각 54%, 28%, 13% 및 5%였고, 100,000×g, 31∼60分의 pellet에서는 각각 51%, 28%, 16% 및 5%로 나타났으며, serum casein은 44%, 29%, 19% 및 8%로 각각 나타났다. This experiment was carried out to study on the protein composition of casein micelles. Three micellar casein pellets and a serum casein were isolated at diferent time of ultracen trifugation. And the composition of individual caseins for the fractions was determined by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The results are summarized as follows: 1. When skimmilk was centrifuged for 30 min, 60 min and 90 min at 100,000g and for 60 min at 200,000g, the values for the sedimented casein micelles were 45.00%, 61.43%, 80.00% and 95.00% respectively and that of serum casein was 55.00%, 38.57%, 20.00% and 5.00% respectively. 2. When skimmilk was centrifuged for different time at 100,000g, the values for the sedimented casein micelles were 23.18% for 10 min.(pellet 1), 30.26% from 11 to 30 min.(pellet 2), 28.11% from 31 to 60 min.(pellet 3) and that of serum casein which was not sedimented at 60 min was 17.79% of the total casin. 3. The relative amounts of α_s-, β-, k- and γ-caseins in casein micelles obtained after different time of centrifugation were 54%, 29%, 11% and 8% in pellet 1, 54%, 28%, 13% and 5% in pellet 2, 51%, 28%, 16% and 5% in pellet 3,44%, 29%, 19% and 8% in serum casein respectively.

조혈모세포이식 환자에서 발생한 Cytomegalovirus 질환의 특징 : 일개 대학변원에서 최근 10년간의 경험

최수미,이동건,박선희,김시현,김유진,민창기,김희제,이석,최정현,유진홍,김동욱,이종욱,민우성,신완식,김춘추 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.1

Background : Studies on cytomegalovirus (CMV) diseases in Korean hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are lacking and do not reflect the recent trends of advances and changes. Therefore, we tried to analyze the clinical features of CMV diseases in HSCT recipients over the past 10 years at a tertiary university hospital in Korea. Methods : Retrospective review of medical records was done for all adult HSCT patients who received transplant at the Catholic HSCT Center from January 1998 to January 2008. Results : Forty-four cases (2.2%) of CMV diseases were identified. CMV pneumonia was diagnosed in 17 patients, retinitis in 16 patients, enterocolitis in 7 patients, esophagitis 1 patient, gastritis in 1 patient, duodenitis in 1 patient, and hepatitis in 1 patient. The median onset of symptom was 90 days after transplantation. Late CMV diseases accounted for 47.7%. CMV related death varied from 0 to 58.8% according to the involved organ. CMV retinitis was diagnosed relatively later in the course of transplantation mostly in patients who had chronic graft versus host disease (GVHD). On the contrary, CMV enterocolitis mainly occurred in patients who suffered from acute GVHD. The overall concurrent CMV reactivation was documented to be 63.6%: the concurrent CMV reactivation was observed only in 37.5% of patients with retinitis. Conclusions : We observed some differences in the pattern of CMV disease manifestation according to the involved organ and reconfirmed the fact that CMV pneumonia is the most common and fatal disease in HSCT recipients. Additionally, CMV retinitis was not uncommon in HSCT recipients. Since specific marker does not exist in predicting retinitis, regular ocular examination should be done thoroughly, especially in patients with chronic GVHD.

Chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation is catalysed by CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 <i>in vitro</i>: chlorpropamide disposition is influenced by CYP2C9, but not by CYP2C19 genetic polymorphism

Shon, Ji-Hong,Yoon, Young-Ran,Kim, Min-Jung,Kim, Kyoung-Ah,Lim, Young-Chae,Liu, Kwang-Hyeon,Shin, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Chung Han,Cha, In-June,Shin, Jae-Gook Blackwell Science Ltd 2005 British journal of clinical pharmacology Vol.59 No.5

<P>Aims</P><P>We evaluated the involvement of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms 2C9 and 2C19 in chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation <I>in vitro</I> and in chlorpropamide disposition <I>in vivo</I>.</P><P>Methods</P><P>To identify CYP isoforms(s) that catalyse 2-hydroxylation of chlorpropamide, the incubation studies were conducted using human liver microsomes and recombinant CYP isoforms. To evaluate whether genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C9 and/or CYP2C19 influence the disposition of chlorpropamide, a single oral dose of 250 mg chlorpropamide was administered to 21 healthy subjects pregenotyped for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.</P><P>Results</P><P>In human liver microsomal incubation studies, the formation of 2-hydroxychlorpropamide (2-OH-chlorpropamide), a major chlorpropamide metabolite in human, has been best described by a one-enzyme model with estimated <I>K</I><SUB><I>m</I></SUB> and <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> of 121.7 ± 19.9 µ<SMALL>M</SMALL> and 16.1 ± 5.0 pmol min<SUP>−1</SUP> mg<SUP>−1</SUP> protein, respectively. In incubation studies using human recombinant CYP isoforms, however, 2-OH-chlorpropamide was formed by both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 with similar intrinsic clearances (CYP2C9 <I>vs.</I> CYP2C19: 0.26 <I>vs.</I> 0.22 µl min<SUP>−1</SUP> nmol<SUP>−1</SUP> protein). Formation of 2-OH-chlorpropamide in human liver microsomes was significantly inhibited by sulfaphenazole, but not by <I>S</I>-mephenytoin, ketoconazole, quinidine, or furafylline. In <I>in vivo</I> clinical trials, eight subjects with the <I>CYP2C9</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>3</I> genotype exhibited significantly lower nonrenal clearance [*<I>1/</I>*<I>3 vs.</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I>: 1.8 ± 0.2 <I>vs.</I> 2.4 ± 0.1 ml h<SUP>−1</SUP> kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, <I>P</I> < 0.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) on the difference 0.2, 1.0] and higher metabolic ratios (of chlorpropamide/2-OH-chlorpropamide in urine: *<I>1/</I>*<I>3 vs.</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I>: 1.01 ± 0.19 <I>vs.</I> 0.56 ± 0.08, <I>P</I> < 0.05; 95% CI on the difference − 0.9, − 0.1) than did 13 subjects with <I>CYP2C9</I>*<I>1/</I>*<I>1</I> genotype. In contrast, no differences in chlorpropamide pharmacokinetics were observed for subjects with the <I>CYP2C19</I> extensive metabolizer <I>vs.</I> poor metabolizer genotypes.</P><P>Conclusions</P><P>These results suggest that chlorpropamide disposition is principally determined by CYP2C9 activity <I>in vivo</I>, although both CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 have a catalysing activity of chlorpropamide 2-hydroxylation pathway.</P>