詩經正變設考

金時俊 서울대학교 동아문화연구소 1979 東亞文化 Vol.16 No.-

It was written at the Mao Shi prefaces (毛詩序) that Shi Jing was divided into two groups; the Zheng Poem and the Bian Poem. According to this, many scholars published various assertions on how to distinguish the Zheng Poem from the Bian Poem in Shi Jing. Conseguently, these assertions were classified into four sorts. 1) Classification by the chronological order according to the political rise and fall 2) Distinction between eulogy and satire 3) Distinction the Poem which was accompanied by music from the poem which was not accompanied by it, 4) Classification by the style of the poem My study on each assertion leads to the following conclusion: 1) Although those scholars who made the first assertion defined that Shi Jing was published by the chronological order and they distinguished the Zheng Poem from the Bian poem by the table of contents, it is proved that Shi Jing was not published by the chronological order. 2) Those scholars who made the second assertion concluded that Shi-Jing was distinguished between eulogy and satiry at every prologue in Mao Shi and that the Zheng poem and the Bian Poem could be divided into eulogy or satire accordingly. But it is proved herein that the distinction eulogy from satire in Mao Shi prefaces was possible by the country and chronology without the definite standard even though the contents of the poem were the same. 3) Those scholars who made the third assertion divided Shi Jing into two parts. One that was accompanied by music was called the Zheng Poem and the other that was accompanied by music was called the Bian Poem. But it is proved that all of Shi Jing were accompanied by music 4) Those who made the fourth assertion distinguished between the Zheng Poem and the Bian Poem by the style of the Poem. But looking into the style, it is proved that the distinction between the Zheng Poem and the Bian Poem is the style itself. Thus, the above classifications seem to be unreasonable so far. Then, why did these assertions come to rise? These assertions were due to the Han scholars who regarded the poem as a remonstration. They attempted to classify the Zheng Poem as the poem of admonition and the Bian poem as that of warning. But they did not succeed in it.

Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps Sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells

Kuo, Yuh-Chi,Wu, Chia-Lin,Tasi, Wei-Jern,Wang, Jir-Yenn,Chang, Shi-Chung,Lin, Ching-Yuang,Shiao, Ming-Shi 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 1999 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON EAST-WEST MEDICINE Vol.1999 No.1

Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang₃,Ching-Yung Lin⁴,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Yuh-Chi Kuo¹,Chia-Lin Wn¹,Wei-jern Tasi¹,Jir-Yenn Wang²,Shi-Chung Chang²,Ching-Yung Lin³,and Ming-Shi Shiao⁴.¹National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, ²Department of Biology,Fu Jen University, ³Department of Chest, ⁴Department of Pediatrics, □De[art,amt of Medical Research and Education. Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. Blocking of Cell Proliferation, Cytokines Production and Genes Expression Following Administration of Cordyceps sinensis in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids Cells. Proceedings of international Symposium on East-West Medicine, Seoul. 44-64, 1999.-Cordyceps sinensis is a major parasitic fungus on larva of Lepidoptera. It is one of the well know fungi used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment asthma, lung and kideney diseases. Many fungi belonging to the genus Cordyceps have been demonstrated to produce natural products with various biological activities. Reported biological activities of genus cordyceps include:(a)inhibition of DNA and RNA synthesis;(b)enhancement of cell differentiation;(c)restruction of cytoskeleton;(d)inhibition of protein kinase activity;(e)antitumor activity on bladder, colon, lung carcinoma as well as fibroblastoma;(f)inhibition of the infection and revers transciptase activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1; and(g) inhibition of methylation of nucleic acid. Thus, it is suggested that the extracts of Cordyceps sp. Contain antitumor, antiviral, and many other biological activities. In our previous studies, we proved that C. sinensis contains the antitumor and immunomodulatory agents. In the present studies, effects of C. sinensis on bronchoalveolar lavage fluids(BAL)cells were demonstrated. The crude methanolic extracts of C. sinensis were fractionated into 15 fractions by silica gel column chromatography. Effects of various fraction on BAL cells proliferation and lipopolysaccharide(LPS) stimulated interleukin-1β(IL-8),platelet activating factor(PAF), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-8(IL-8) production on BAL cells were determined. The result indicated that the CS-19-22 fraction suppressed BAL cells proliferation activated by LPS. The median inhibitory concentration(IC50) was 6㎍/ml. The CS-19-22 fraction also decreased IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-αand IL-8 production.The results of revers transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that the CS-19-22 fraction did not affect IL-1β,PAF,IL-6, TNF-α,and IL-8 mRNAs expression in BAL cells activated by LPS. By contrast, it inhibited the IL-10 mRNA expression but enhanced IFN-γand IL-12 mRNAs expression in activated BAL cells. Moreover, the CS-19-22 fraction blocked PAF-induced platelet aggregation. It is unlikely that cytotoxicity was involved. Because no cell deths were observable. We hypothesize that inhibitory mechanisms of CS-19-22 on BAL cells proliferation may be related to the impairments of gene expression and production of cytokines in BAL cells. The explanation of C. sinensis antiasthma function may involved the following(1)C.sinenesis contained immunomodulatory agents that stimulated IFN-γand IL-12 expression in TH1cells.(2)Enhanced secretion of IFN-γand IL-12 will inhibit the Tγcells immune responses Ex. Decreasing of IL-6 and IL-10 production.(3) The impairments of cytokines production in TH2 cells suppressed th BAL cells proliferation then more cytokines production Ex.IL-1β,PAF,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 in activated BAL cells were decreased. (4)The suppression of TH2cells immune responses will inhibit the growth and differentiation of B cells then IgE production will be decreased. (5)Reduced production of IgE will decreased asthma attack occurring in individuals. However, the results of the present study suggested that C. sinensis may also have acted to treat asthma in part by inhibiting BAL cells proliferation and cytokine gene expression and production. Future, experiments with treatment of animals with asthma with C. sinensis will be necessary to defined whether C. sinensis can reduce asthma injury. Plans are underway for the isolation of pure principal growth inhibitors and their mechanisms of action are subjected for further study.

Hot Deformation Characteristics and Processing Map Analysis of Pre-Forged AZ80 Magnesium Alloy

Shi‑quan Huang,Ming Lu,Sheng‑lan Luo,Hai‑lin He,You‑ping Yi 대한금속·재료학회 2021 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.27 No.5

The hot deformation behavior of pre-forged AZ80 magnesium alloy is investigated by the isothermal compression tests attemperatures of 523–683 K and strain rates of 0.0001–0.1 s−1, and analyzed by the processing maps for guiding isothermaldie forging. Flow localization and even cracking occurs at low temperatures and high strain rates, where shear deformationdegree shows a positive correlation with the ��( ̇�� ) value. Two stability regions with high efficiency is found out by theprocessing maps. At common stability region with high temperatures and low strain rates, peak power dissipation efficiencydoes not represent optimum deformation condition as reported in other materials. A Z parameter criterion is introduced forparameters optimization. javascript:void(0); a new stability domain of 523–590 K and 0.0001–0.01 s−1 is observed, which istypical for fine microstructure composed of equiaxed clean α-Mg grains and big particles both about 1 μm (573 K/0.01 s−1).Super plasticity is speculated to occur at that condition.

Study on Marketing Policy of Beijing’s Incentive Tourism Promotion

Shi,Mei-Yu 동북아관광학회 2011 동북아관광연구 Vol.7 No.2

등속성 근력 측정기를 이용한슬관절 우력 곡선의 분석

이시욱,한태륜,방문석 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.5

소아 중등도 두뇌손상환자에 대한 임상적 고찰

송시헌,고현송 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1995 충남의대잡지 Vol.22 No.2

The authors review the records of 88 pediatric head injured patients whose initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores ranged from 9 to 12 and who were treated at Chungnam National University Hospital over a recent 4-year period. These results are compared with reports from other centers and severely brain injured groups. The results were as follows : 1. The peak age group was between 6 and 8 years and were predominantly males (2.7 : 1 ratio). 2. The most common cause of head injury was as a pedestrian in a motor vehicle accident (72.7% ). 3. The number of patients with abnormalities on cranial computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonnance imaging (MRI) was 71 (80.7%) and the most common lesion was brain contusion (20/88). 4. The number of patients with intracranial hematoma was twenty-three (26%). 5. Twelve patients (13.6%) received cranial operation (four for hematoma removal and eight for repair and elevation of depressed fractures). 6. Eighty-three patients (94.3%) showed a good recovery, one patient (1.1%) died and four patients (4.5%) showed moderate or severe disability. 7. There was no relationship between age and intracranial lesions or GCS score and also there was no relationship between skull fracture and intracranial lesions or GCS score.

사건의 해체와 의미의 위기 : 프리쉬, 뮐러, 베킷, 한트케를 중심으로

류시응 한국독일어문학회 2000 독일어문학 Vol.13 No.-

Was die dramatische Handlung der traditionellen Dramen vor allem signifiziert. ist die U "berschaubarkeit. Geordnet- und Sinnhaftigkeit einer Welt, die Notwendigkeit eines Geschehens. die Fa"higkeit der Hervorbringung eines sinnvollen Geschehens durch die Kra"fte des Individuums. die kaum etwas von dem modernen Lebensgefu"hl mehr abgibt. Aber das Drama der Gegenwart ist weithin bestimmt durch bloβe Vorgangsreihung, durch Aufhebung von Handlungsfolgen und Durchdringung der Vorgangsebenen. durch Diskontinuita"t, Montiertheit. Fragmentarisierung und vo"llige Auflo"sung der Handlung. In diesem Zusammenhang versucht diese Untersuchung die verschiedenen Problembereiche der Dekonstruktion der Handlung in den modernen Dramen zu analysieren: Zur Auflo"sung der Notwendigkeit des Handlungsgeschehens durch ein Variantenspiel bei Frisch: zur Fragmenarisierung der Handlung durch den sie ausmachenden selektiven Bezug auf ein anderes Drama bei Heiner Muller: zur Aufhebung des Einzelnen als bewiekender Kraft der dramatischen Handlung bei Beckett: und zur Ersetzung der dramatischen Handlung als textuell gegebener durch eine vom Zuschauer wahrgenommene und konstituierte bei Handke. Der entscheidende Vorgang der Gegenwart, gu"ltig diagnostiziert bereits von Nietzsche. heute vor allem nach der Auflo"sung der staatssozialistischen Systeme und angesichts des ideologischen Monopols der kapitalistischen Gesellschaftsordnung besonders nachhaltig erfahbar. ist das Fehlen u"berindividueller Sinngebungen und mitmenschlicher Sinnbezu"ge. der Zufall der traditionellen religio"sen und ethischen Wertordnungen und Normvorstellungen, die Auflo"sung der herko"mmlichen kulturellen und philosophischen Sinnsysteme. Diese Situation der Gegenwart ist dramatisch kaum darstellbar in den Handlungen des konventionellen Dramas, die selbst immer auch die Anschauung. das Weltbild. die Ideologie der inzwischen problematisch gewordenen bu"rgerlichen Gesellschaftordnung und Kultur, in der sie entstanden sind, signifizieren und u"bermitteln. Dramatische Handlungen an den angegebenen Werken, die die geistige Situation und das Lebensgefu"hl der Gegenwart darzustellen in der Lage sind. sind deshalb vor allem diejenigen, die sich der Sinnkrise der Gegenwart stellen und sie zu gestalten suchen.

後期 「막스 베에버」의 政治思想硏究

梁始浩 건국대학교 1980 學術誌 Vol.24 No.1

As a major contributor to the development of sociology, Max Weber needs he introduction. As a political commentator and political theoriest, he is less well known to Korean readers. Besides his work as an academic sociologist, Weber involved himself activity in the politics of his time. In her biography of her husband, Marianne Weber devotes as much space to his political views and activities as she does to an account of his academic work. The purpose of this writing is to provide a sysmatic account of Weber's political thought of late period. From the early period of the 1890s comes the Inaugural Address at Freiburg, "Economic policy and the Nation State", which is the most important statement of Webers' political ideas in his early period. Most abviously typical of the attitudes expressed in the address is its explicit affirmation of Germany's national interest as decisive value for political and economic policy. This was affirmed repeatedly by Weber in his later life. In a speech in 1909 he said; "many of us take the view that the altimate definitive value‥‥ is the power position ova nation in the world. In 1916 he wrote that he had always viewed from a national standpoint alone. As be explored in my writing, Weber's nationalism was more complex than has frequently been made out by critics. A close impection reveals that Weber's imperialistic comvictions are also embedded in his broad perspective of the future course of world history. Weber thought that in the foreseeable future the nation state was likely to remain the basic unit of world politics, and hence he never hesitated as a citizen to identify himself with the political fortunes of his own nation, this was, in fact, totally compatible with his views about the role of nation states in history. The permanent struggle of the nation state against one another, whether diplomatic or through economic weans, was not only inevitable, but also a major source of political dynamism. A second theme of the Inaugural Address, equally typical, was its elitism of absence In Germany of any political leadership. Emphasis on the central importance of political leadership was a constant preoccupation of Weber's political writings as much in his late as his earlier period. Weber's wartime writings mark a return to the mood of 1890s and Inaugural Address. The writings of this period develop what amounts to a theory of political institutions, in particular of their effect on the character of political activities and leadership. The most substantial of these writings is the series of articles Weber wrote for the Frankfurter zeitung in 1917 and 1919. The main themes of this work is that modern government is inevitably government by means ova bureaucracy; administration is in the hands of an expert, salaried, career officialdom. But without the political leadership capable of controlling this administration, all political decision making falls into their hands ; it becomes government by, and not merely through, bureaucracy. Max Weber considered the main question of his day to be how to check the rise of impersonal bureaucracy, and thus to provide for effective leadership. Therefore he eventually turned to the extreme devices of advocating a strong parliament and leader-democracy. Great politicians with chorismatic quality should help to preserve a maximum of mobility in bureaucratic structures. They ought to keep democracy alive in spite of bureaucratic institutions, and to infuse new aims into the social process on the basis of the confidence of the masses.

우리나라 나환자의 발병년령의 추이

최시룡 大韓癩學會 1979 癩學 會誌 Vol.12 No.1

정치경제학 이론의 적용

이시영,이효찬 중앙대학교 산업경영연구소 1999 산업경영연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 최근에 관심을 끌고 있는 정치경제학적 이론을 간략히 소개하고 실질적인 졍재정책의 적용사례를 제시하는데 있다. 기존 전통경제학에서 정부의 역할은 지극히 제한되어 정부의 개입은 시장의 실패가 발생하였을 때만 정당화되었다. 반면 정치경제학적 접근은 기본적으로 경제정책의 결정은 정치집단의 상호작용의 결과로 가정하고 있다. 그리고 정치적 이해의 상호작용에 의하여결정된 경제정책은 (경제학적 관점에서 보면) 비효율적일 수 있다는 점을 강조하고 있다. 실질적인 사례를 통하여 정부 경제정책의 형성과정을 설명하고 그러한 정책들이 정치적 거래비용을 최소화하는 정책임을 보여주는데 본 논문의 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. This paper introduces the recent developments of political economic approach and provides some applications. The traditional economic approach has failed to successfully explain the emergence of the existing economic policies. On the other hand, the political economy approach that we adopt here provides some realistic insights to the making of economic policy. The first application deals with the amendments of the U.S. anti-dumping laws. We claim that the main motivation behind these amendments aimed to delay the exits of (politically important) declining industries. The second application concerns with ″big deal″ (swap of subsidiaries among Chaebols) scheme. The existing Korean government selected this particular scheme to minimize its political costs (rather than enhance economic efficiency). The antagonistic mood toward foreign ownerships of domestic firms coupled with the high unemployment were responsible for this selection. The third application explains ″the wind from the North″. It explicitly provides the motive of the incumbent government to form the coalition with a ″potential″ enemy. When the incumbent government suffers from the credibility problem, the coalition with the enemy may temporarily create ″potential threat″ to its own citizens and help to win the re-election bid. The fourth application explains how implicit government guarantees had been concerns with conflicts of interests between the federal and local governments and may generate economically inefficient delay of investment in social infrastructures.