Applying both Retrospection and Introspection in Interpreting Training: A Blend Pedagogical Method (Experience of A BS Interpreting Training L2 Class)

Shair Ali Khan 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 2019 한국외국어대학교 통번역연구소 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.07

Interpreting is, currently, touching cognitive sciences due to its complex cognitive linguistic nature. Mathematically, the psychomotor functions of the brain are difficult to be measured due to its innate cognitive ability. To use this ability for enhancing a new skill needs various types of methods, strategies, and techniques. The interpreting trainers and theorists applied various methods, strategies under the umbrella terms ‘retrospective and introspective’ for the enhancement of interpreting skills of consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. For memory enhancement still various mnemonics and TAPs are applied such as done by Marwa Shamy & R.P. Ricoy (Retrospective Protocols: Tapping into the minds of interpreting Trainees: 2017), and B.E. Dimitrova & E.Tiselius (Retrospection in Interpreting and Translation: Explaining the Process 2014). But due to the infinity of human thinking abilities, the area still needs more research and empirical studies specifically when the learners and trainees belonging to various nationalities with diverse competencies and more seriously when both the SL and TL are the second languages. The current study is an explorative one to apply both retrospective and introspective methods and their TAPs on an interpreting training class of beginner level from the Arabic into English comprising multilingual nationalities to enrich the area with new insights and findings. The sample of the study is the students of BS Translation and Interpretation of 7th semester and MS Translation Studies of 2nd semester belonging to Pakistan, China, Thailand, Arab and Turkey. This unique experience carried out in interpreting from Arabic language to English. The sample of the study is a multilingual class of different linguistic competencies and language skills. Another unique feature of the study is that both the SL and TL are the second languages of the majority of students. It becomes challengeable to apply this interpreting training method on such multilingual interpreting trainees with diverse linguistic competencies. The trainees were directed to use urgent tactics in terms of coping strategies with unexpected situations according to Giles Effort Model of interpreting (D. Gile 2018). The methodology: The trainee students were advised with a set of strategies applying retrospective methods as out class activity and a set of instruction to apply introspective inside the class during the interpreting process. This blended methods enhanced the potential of both the smart trainee and the low performer trainees. Surely the enrich the area of interpreting training with goods insights and findings.

Technical efficiency comparison of container ports in Asian and Middle East region using DEA

Mustafa Faluk Shair,Khan Rafi Ullah,Mustafa Tariq 한국해운물류학회 2021 The Asian journal of shipping and Logistics Vol.37 No.1

With the instigation of China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), the strategic significance of South Asian and Middle Eastern ports have been vitalized. The aim of this study is to compare the technical efficiency of less explored South Asian & Middle Eastern ports with the East Asian ports and determine ways for their efficiency enhancement and management optimization. The cross sectional data for the year 2018 was collected for 15 container ports each of South & Middle Eastern and East Asian region and arranged into input and output variables. The data was analyzed through the DEA-CCR and DEA-BCC model. Results indicate that only one port each from UAE and India among the Middle & South Asian ports were found efficient on CCR model with the number of efficient ports on BCC model increased by 47%. While, in East Asian region two ports of China and one of South Korea were found efficient on CCR model, with 33% increase on BCC model. Lianyungang port was the most prominent among the efficient ports being highly benchmarked. The average efficiency for East Asian region (CCR: 0.524, BCC: 0.901) remained similar to that of South Asian and Middle East Region (CCR: 0.517, BCC: 0.906).

EMG Pattern Recognition Using TFD for Future Control of In-Car Electronic Equipment

Ezreen Farina Shair,Radhi Hafizuddin Razali,Abdul Rahim Abdullah,Nurul Fauzani Jamaluddin 한국지능시스템학회 2022 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.22 No.1

Distracted drivers contribute to motor vehicle accidents. The maneuvering of in-car electronic equipment and controls, which typically requires the driver’s hands to be off the wheel and eyes off the road, are important factors that distract drivers. To minimize the interference of such distractions, a new control method is presented for detecting and decoding human muscle signals, which is known as electromyography (EMG). It is associated with various fingertips and pressures, and allows the mapping of various commands to control in-car equipment without requiring hands off the wheel. The most important step to facilitate such a scheme is to extract a highly discriminatory feature that can be used to separate and compute different EMG-based actions. The aim of this study is to accurately analyze EMG signals and classify finger movements that can be used to control in-car electronic equipment using a time–frequency distribution (TFD). The average root mean square voltage of seven participants and fourteen different finger movements are extracted as EMG features using a TFD. Four machine learning classifiers, i.e., support vector machine (SVM), decision tree, linear discriminant, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN), are used to classify pointing finger classes. The overall accuracy of the SVM precedes that of the other classifiers (89.3%), followed by decision tree (57.1%), linear discriminant (34.5%), and KNN (27.4%). The findings of this study are expected to be used in real-time applications that require both time and frequency information. Integrating the EMG signal to control in-car electronic equipment is expected to reduce the number of motor vehicle crashes globally.

A Comparative Measure of Decentralization for Southeast Asia

Gary Marks,Liesbet Hooghe,Sarah Shair-Rosenfield 동아시아연구원 2014 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.14 No.1

In this article we set out a fine-grained measure of the formal authority of intermediate subnational government for Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea, and Thailand that is designed to be a flexible tool in the hands of researchers and policymakers. It improves on prior measures by providing annual estimates across ten dimensions of regional authority; it disaggregates to the level of the individual region; and it examines individual regional tiers, asymmetric regions, and regions with special arrangements. We use the measure and its elements to summarize six decades of regional governance in Southeast Asia and conclude by noting how the Regional Authority index could further the dialogue between theory and empirics in the study of decentralization and democratization.

Gallic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles as colorimetric and spectrophotometric probe for detection of Al3+ in aqueous medium

Gajanan Ghodake,Surendra Shinde,Avinash Kadam,Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,Asad Syed,Omar Shair,Marzouq Alsaedi,Dae-Young Kim 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.82 No.-

Metal chelation-enhanced changes in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band of gallic acid-functionalizedAgNP solution to monitor aluminum ions (Al3+) is reported herein. In aqueous solution, Al3+ selectivelyinduced a strong absorbance with large shifts up to125 nm from the SPR band with color changing fromorange to red. This study illustrates that hydroxyl groups of phenol affect the response of a probe thattunes the absorbance maxima to a longer wavelength at 525 nm. Moreover, the rapid formation of aAgNP-Al3+ coordination complex was demonstrated by real-time monitoring, adsorptive removal, andenergy dispersive spectroscopy mapping.