대통령의 관료 통제와 정책공간

한승주 ( Han¸ Seungjoo ),최흥석 ( Choi¸ Heungsuk ),이철주 ( Lee¸ Cheouljoo ) 한국행정학회 2021 韓國行政學報 Vol.55 No.3

대통령의 입장에서 행정관료 조직은 자신의 정책을 집행하고, 정책목표를 구현하기 위한 수단적 존재이다. 많은 전문성으로 무장한 관료조직이 지나친 자율성으로 대통령 리더십을 빛바래게 하지 못하도록 정치적으로 통제할 대상이기도 하다. 본 연구의 목적은 대통령의 관료 통제가 그의 정책공간에 결과적으로 무슨 영향을 주는지를 분석하는 것이다. 여기서 정책공간이란 대통령이 현실적으로 추구할 수 있는 정책 실현의 범위를 의미한다. 대통령은 관료에 대한 통제를 통해 관료조직의 자율성을 어느 정도 제한하고 자신의 정책공간을 확장시키려할 것이다. 그런데 대통령의 관료 통제가 늘 정책공간의 확대로 이어질 것인가? 이와 관련하여 본 연구는 대통령의 통제가 의도와는 다른 방향으로 관료조직의 행태를 변화시켜 대통령의 정책공간을 오히려 수축시키는 결과를 낳을 가능성을 탐색한다. 중상위직 공무원의 인식을 통해서 실증 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 관료에 대한 대통령의 통제는 관료조직의 자의적, 폐쇄적 행태를 억제하고 대통령의 정책에 대한 대응성을 높여 대통령의 정책공간을 확장시킨다. 둘째, 그러나 동시에 대통령의 정치적 통제는 소극적 묵종, 책임회피 등 관료의 소위 도구적 행태를 강화시켜 대통령의 정책공간을 축소시킬 수 있다. 그리고 셋째, 대통령의 정치적 통제와 정책공간 사이의 긍정적 상관관계에서 관료의 도구적 행태가 부정적 매개 작용을 하고 있음을 발견하였다. Government bureaucracy is a vehicle with which the president implements policies and tries to achieve his or her political goals. It is a subject of the president’s political control, as its expertise-based political powers could possibly overshadow the presidential executive leadership. This study analyzes the effects of the president’s control of government bureaucracy in his or her policy space. The policy space of the president stands for the scope of public policies that he or she could pursue while taking into account their implementational feasibility. The president would try to control bureaucracy so as to delimit its autonomy and concurrently expand his or her policy space. However, would the presidential control of bureaucracy be necessarily conducive to the expansion of the policy space? This study also focuses on the possibility of contraction of the policy space, as the attempt to control could result in unexpected behavioral responses on the part of bureaucracy. The empirical analysis using a survey of mid- and high-ranking public officials reveals, first, that the presidential control of bureaucracy is positively associated with the expansion of the policy space, as it suppresses bureaucracy’s arbitrary and bigoted behaviors. Second, at the same time, however, presidential control would result in contraction of the policy space, as it reinforces the instrumentality behavior of bureaucracy in the forms of passive and lukewarm compliance, as well as avoidance of responsibility. And third, the instrumentality behavior of bureaucracy negatively mediates the association between presidential control of bureaucracy and presidential policy space.

PUBLIC VALUE: Impacts of Government R&D Funding on R&D Performance

Seungjoo Lee,Joohee Kim,Soyoung Park J-INSTITUTE 2021 Public Value Vol.6 No.2

Purpose: Government R&D investment maintains the expansion of R&D investment in key promotion fields such as finding future growth engines, economic innovation, and future biotech strategy. It is necessary to im-prove the efficiency of R&D investment in response to the worsening financial condition of the government, as manifested by slowing economic growth and increasing welfare demand. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting R&D performance, focusing on government funding. We investigate the impact of research papers, patents, and commercialization performance by controlling characteristics of researchers who have received government projects. We expect to present policy ideas that can enhance R&D performance. Method: This study applies multiple regression to the analysis. The data used in this survey are data on the implementation status and performance of national R&D projects by the Ministry of Science, Technology, and Information and the Korea Science and Technology Evaluation. This survey provides basic data for promoting evidence-based efficient national R&D projects and presenting policy direction. The study will use the most re-cently published data for 2016. Results: Government R&D funding has a positive effect on enhancing scientific and technological perfor-mance, SCI, and Patents. But there is no effect on commercialization of the Government R&D funding. Second, it is shown that SCI, Patents, and commercialization are higher in project status than a new project. Third, in the case of SCI, patents, the performance of government-affiliated and universities, is generally higher than the National Institute. Fourth,fundingon new technologies ofIT sector showed higher performance than SCI and Patents. Finally, rural variables have higher commercialization performance in other regions than Seoul, In-cheon, and Gyeonggi. Conclusion: This suggests that Government R&D should continue to be supported. Also, the government R&D support on Government-affiliated and universities plays a positive role. Our findings suggest that Govern-ment R&D funding should be concentrated on technology characteristics. As well as, Government R&D funding should take regional characteristics into account when considering commercialization performance.

Englerin A-sensing charged residues for transient receptor potential canonical 5 channel activation

SeungJoo Jeong,Juyeon Ko,Minji Kim,Ki Chul Park,Eunice Yon June Park,Jinsung Kim,Youngjoo Baik,Jinhong Wie,Art E,Cho,Ju-hong Jeon,Insuk So 대한약리학회 2019 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.23 No.3

The transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 5 channel, known as a nonselective cation channel, has a crucial role in calcium influx. TRPC5 has been reported to be activated by muscarinic receptor activation and extracellular pH change and inhibited by the protein kinase C pathway. Recent studies have also suggested that TRPC5 is extracellularly activated by englerin A (EA), but the mechanism remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the EA-interaction sites in TRPC5 and thereby clarify the mechanism of TRPC5 activation. TRPC5 channels are over-expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. TRPC5 mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The whole-cell patch-clamp configuration was used to record TRPC5 currents. Western analysis was also performed to observe the expression of TRPC5 mutants. To identify the EA-interaction site in TRPC5, we first generated pore mutants. When screening the mutants with EA, we observed the EA-induced current increases of TRPC5 abolished in K554N, H594N, and E598Q mutants. The current increases of other mutants were reduced in different levels. We also examined the functional intactness of the mutants that had no effect by EA with TRPC5 agonists, such as carbachol or GTPγS. Our results suggest that the three residues, Lys-554, His-594, and Glu-598, in TRPC5 might be responsible for direct interaction with EA, inducing the channel activation. We also suggest that although other pore residues are not critical, they could partly contribute to the EA-induced channel activation.

Binderless coke and high-density carbon block production by air blowing method from coal tar pitch

Seungjoo Park,Seon Ho Lee,Song Mi Lee,Jin-Woo Park,Doo-Hwan Jung 한국에너지학회 2021 한국에너지공학회 학술발표회 Vol.2021 No.11

Fusion Protein for Increasing Activity of Endolysin

SeungJoo KIM,Min Ju KIM,Nayoon CHOI,Dae-Hyuk KWEON 한국생물공학회 2022 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.9

Design and Implementation of Uncompressed HD Video Transport System over IP Network

SeungJoo Lee,JongWon Kim,Jinyong Jo,Junguk Kong,Okwhan Byeon 한국통신학회 2005 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2005 No.11

South Korea’s Economic Statecraft in a Risky High-Tech World

Seungjoo Lee 동아시아재단 2022 Global Asia Vol.17 No.4

MIKTA and Korea’s Middle Power Diplomacy

Seungjoo Lee 재단법인 동아시아연구원 2016 EAI 이슈브리핑 Vol.- No.-

Auxiliary Role of Oct-1 for the Soluble Expression of Recombinant Protein in Escherichia coli

SeungJoo KIM,Jihwan CHUN,Wonbeom PARK,NaYeon KIM,MinJu KIM,Yong Hwan LEE,Dae-Hyuk KWEON 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10

E. coli has been favored for the expression of various heterologous proteins due to its biological properties including fast growth, high cultivation density, and ease of genetic manipulation. However, hydrophobic nature of some proteins makes it extremely difficult to express and acquire the desired products in a soluble and active form. For example, the presence of transmembrane domain and the lack of glycosidic moieties greatly hampered the expression and purification of influenza hemagglutinin (HA), the main target of influenza vaccine, in E. coli. In this study, we employed Oct-1 DNA binding domain as a fusion partner to express and acquire full-length HA in E. coli system. It has been reported that Oct-1 can form plasmid-protein complexes in E. coli cytoplasm, thereby facilitating the soluble expression of recombinant proteins. In the current study, we confirmed that the expression level of Oct-1-HA was significantly increased compared to that of native HA, and the purified Oct-1-HA retained its activity as a consequence of improved solubility. Regarding the data, we suggest that Oct-1 can effectively contribute to the soluble production of heterologous proteins.

Photo-immobilization of pseudozwitterionic polymers with balanced electrical charge for developing anti-coagulation surfaces

Seungjoo Yi,Jiae Seo,Joonbum Lee,Jin-Sung Park,Yun Chan Kang,Ji-Hun Seo 한국공업화학회 2020 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.91 No.-

This study aims to develop an economical coating agent that can easily impart excellent anti-coagulativeproperty onto polymer surfaces. To this end, photo-reactable pseudozwitterionic polymer comprisingcationic ammonium, anionic carboxylic acid, and photo-reactable phenyl azide group was synthesizedvia free-radical polymerization. Hydrophilicity, surface charge, surface elemental analysis, and antibiofoulingproperties of the coated substrates were evaluated after photo-immobilizing thepseudozwitterionic polymer on the PET substrate. The pseudozwitterionic polymer was successfullyimmobilized; the coated substrate showed excellent anti-biofouling properties. Photo-immobilization ofthe pseudozwitterionic polymer was also confirmed to be effective in imparting anti-biofouling propertyonto thefibrousfiltration membrane. The immobilized pseudozwitterionic polymer effectivelyprevented membrane blockage and safelyfiltered platelets from blood plasma.