心理學 理論과 外國語敎育

趙弘燮 서원대학교 교육연구소 1982 敎育發展 Vol.2 No.1

I have suggested the constrasting views of behaviorism and cognitivism and the teaching theory resulted from those both sides. The behavioristic view focused on publicly observable responses-those which can be objectively perceived, recorded, and measured. Their typical models were classical and operant conditioning, rote verbal learning, instrumental learning, and discrimination learning. Cognitive psychologists consider meaning, understanding, and knowing to be significant data for psychological study. They try to discover psychological principles of organization and functioning. By using a rationalistic approach, they have sought to discover underlying motivations and deeper structures of human behavior. The structuralism of linguistics, under the influence of behavioral psychology, prided itself in a rigorous application of the scientific principle of observable responses. The behaviorists consider all learning to be the establishment of habits as the result of reinforcement or reward. With repeated reinforcement a habit is established and the child continues to name this person or object. As he continues to imitate sounds aroud him more combinations are reinforce. As he acquires more syntactic and morphological variations he creates new combinations by generalization or analogy, sometimes making mistakes by producing analogies which are not permissible. By a trial-and -error process acceptable utterances are reinforced by comparison and approval. Unacceptable utterances are inhibited by lack of reward. He gradually learns to make finer and finer discriminations until be utterly learns to make finer and finer discriminations and his utterances approximate more closely the speech of the community in which he is growing up. Chomsky claimed that language itself can no longer be viewed in the old way based on the S-R theory. He claims that Skinner's analysis of verbal behavior is meaningless because his terminology is vague, subjective, and empty when applied to real-life behavior. We cannot simply say that language is the thing that is learned or innate for a language is such a mysterious phenomenon: language is not something that can be explained and described by clear-cut and neat mathematical rules. By observing children learning a language we can clearly see that they constantly putting much more efforts in their language learning than we have thought: i.e. children are learning a language, not that a language is innate to them. At the same time we cannot deny that the language is species specific and species uniform. Various experiments led by psychologists to teach animals a language shows that there is certainly a limitation: animals have their limits in language learning. By understanding of varied theoretical positions we can choose particular approaches, methods, and techniques for teaching FL. And unless that principled basis is not our own carefully and thoughtfully devised theory, we become slaves to one way of thinking, a puppet without self-control. Our task is to find those points of compromise between two poles of possibilities which will best fit a grobal theory of FL learning. Language is a human mystery and one of God's blessings.

생활세계의 관점에서 본 PIFF 광장의 문화 공간적 의미 이해와 사회과 교육

황홍섭,박길자 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2002 초등교육연구 Vol.17 No.-

The PIFF (Pusan International Film Festival) Plaza located on the movies' street including the Gukdo, Pusan, Daeyeong, Jeil, and Academy theaters screening international movies in Nampo-dong. Since 1996, Pusan International Film Festival provides a good opportunity for visitors to see the film selections around the world and occasionally to see the open festival held with the world-famous movie stars and directors and a large audience. But, it is particularly for the people lives in pusan, because of being the important space where one signify cultural meaning, which is the fundamental basis of historical, spacial, and social life. This study is, from the point of view 'life world' whose peoples lives around there in the everyday, to explore what they signify PIFF Plaza, how people make sense of the cultural meaning. It si two approach to The Cultural Space meaning of PIFF Plaza that deal with the problem of meaning in terms of phenomenology. such as E. Hussurl, A. Schutz and interpretation of culture, such as C. Geertz, P. Ricoeur. And it research into the layers of meaning which may be considered construction is shared of cultural meaning by others in everyday life through experience and the symbolic medium of language as a result from interaction. Hussurl argued that life world is consisted of the horizon of time and space. He has also addressed that the common sense of every day of life is the basis and starting point for every scientific type of interpretation. A. Schutz demonstrated that it is 'world taken for granted', hence a finite 'the provinces of meaning', which is particularly important because of accepting immediately and without question the external world as it is. C. Geertz. from the perspective of interpretation of culture, gives us to the way of analysis PIFF Plaza' the meaning of the every day of life world as a text through signs, symbols, and language. The cultural space' meaning of PIFF Plaza formulated self-identity through the medium of International Film Festival for the peoples live in pusan. The signification system of PIFF Plaza is appearing the space of the every day of life as a underlying basis, the space of symbols as a organic solidarity, the space of dynamic as an endless changing, the space of festival as a fantastic reality. Theory of life world, the cultural space's meaning of PIFF Plaza in life world as the system of culture, gives to social studies education for a few meaningful implication. First, students will be understanding the every day of life world as the space is formulated self-identity, shared meaning and experience by others. Second, they may be learn to the life world as the meaning of culture in terms of historicity, spaciality, and sociality.

PLC를 이용한 빙축열 시스템 운전제어에 관한 연구

남궁홍준,이윤섭 공주대학교 생산기술연구소 2002 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

PLC control system is composed of sensor transducer, analog-digital converter module, proportional integral differential module, digital-analog converter module, and PLC CPU. LabVIEW was made up a monitoring program for supervising and controllong in the actual spot. Ice storage system using heat pump is able to heating and air cooling. Heating is applied ice storage system's algorithm, air cooling is made use of new algorithm. In heating and air cooling, ice storage system using heat pump was selected LabVIEW for preceding control, it was put use LG Glofa PLC for subordinate control. I am confirmed that various working control is feasible through this thesis.

초등 사회과에 있어서 학습자 중심의 좋은 수업 방안 탐색

황홍섭 경북대학교 사회과학대학 지리학과 2005 地理學論究 Vol.- No.24

좋은 수업은 학습자가 중심이 되어 수업에 흥미와 관심을 갖고, 수업의 주인이 되어 적극적으로 참여하였을 때 일어난다. 좋은 수업을 위해 교사는 어떠한 경우에든지 학습자에 대한 이해와 애정이 필요하다. 학습자에 대한 이해와 애정은 학습자가 무엇을 좋아하는지, 무엇을 잘 하는지, 현재 무엇에 관심이 있는지, 어떤 생각을 하고 있는지 등을 잘 파악하는 것이다. 특히 학습자의 독특한 학습양식이 무엇인지를 감안한 수업은 좋은 수업이 될 수 있다. 본 논문은 초등 사회과에 있어서 좋은 수업은 학습양식을 감안한 수업으로 보고, 학습양식의 일환으로 McCarthy 의 4MAT System, 다중 지능 이론 및 MBTI를 감안하여 좋은 수업을 탐색해 보았다. The best class occurs when learners very concern and actively participate in teaching and learning. For that, teachers have need of understanding and affection toward learners in any cases. Understanding and affection toward learners means grasping their interests, abilities, concerns and what they think of. Especially, it can be the best class when we take the learners unique learning style into consideration. Learning style is an assembly of learning methods that a regular trend is fixed by repetitive and continuous use of the learning-related part of individual learners unique recognition and definitional property, and consideration for learning style corresponds to constructivism view of learners, which is a theoretical foundation for the 7th curriculum, and it contributes to meaningful learning, the best classes, and class improvement This thesis is regarding the best class as the class that considered learning style in elementary social studies and searching the best class with regarding learning styles such as McCarthy's 4MAT System, multiple intelligence theory and MBTI.

구성주의적 사회과교육을 위한 웹GIS의 활용방안

황홍섭 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 1999 논문집 Vol.1 No.-

It is not easy for learners to go through all the informations and knowledges beacause we have too many informations and knowledges. Moreover, It is difficult for us to get some certain type of knowledges. Hence, the contents of curriculum should include concept and generalization, . Constractivism point of view, learning is considered important role in terms of preconcept, which learner's concept in the basis of experience. This kind of preconcept can hinder studying or reinforce, espacially misconcept which hindering learning should be transformed from the viewpoints of constructivism it makes assimilation, accommodation and equiblration to viable knowledge. GIS is sort of procedure of processing display and print out constructing keeping, editing and analysis of various geographical date of numerous index accordingly changing into knowledge-based society. In addition, this system gets spatial information as well as helps making a decision. But it takes a lot of costs, time and skills for normal users to establish geographic information system or use it, it can only be used in a special place. Anybody can access to this Web GIS which intergrates GIS and Web, this Web GIS can seach the date, transmit and handled it connected from remote area. The conception of Client /Server for carrying out the function can put it practical use as substitue Client to Server as for web based instruction. Web GIS turning out to be educational media, information offer which can make the most of teaching-learning two way communications. Web GIS storaged material of vast index, also if it is necessary, when client asks some questions, immediately analyze the materials and supplies so that it is useful to reinforce interaction on the web site. In other words, Web GIS is teaching and learning environment, medium, material, tool of analysis. Further more, which has function as an important helper by answering the questions, co-constructor, cooperator, companion. Therefore client can construct viable knowledge, which tries to change the concept by applying Web GIS to practical problem solving. The disequilibrium of cognitive structure caused by misconcept makes learners construct meaningful knowledge through reconstructing from conflicting, that is equilibration through conflict, accommodation among the students and Web GIS interaction. But we still have a lot of technical and knowledgable tasks that should interact well between server and client. Web GIS have powerful space of communications which lets people access without a cost of money, but still cannot supply various analysis. It is basic screen display, functioning zoom, pan, more takes long time to conduct the matters because it uses Network and it has problem with security matter and sharing the experiences. If these problems solved this Web GIS can be accessed with browser. It is going to be popularized through this. Then, it will cause various GIS demand and Web GIS realization helps to get information such as traffic, environment, region information. It will lead information synergy effect so, it will improve international competition eventually. Web GIS will make learners solve the problems better, and thus knowledge will be well constructed by them, it will make quality of education enhancing, I hope Curriculum developers should be aware of importance of Web GIS, and they should include it, as developing the content system of next curriculum.

사회과교육에 있어서 영상매체의 개발

황홍섭 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1999 초등교육연구 Vol.14 No.-

With the comming new millenieum, we have a lot of experience in pluralistic society. especially we are affected by image media with information and knowledge-based society, and the development of information technology, that is we are a lot influenced by image culture with new media. This paper is to explore image media which have still and dynamic. With this discussed, teaching and learning from image media makes learners construct meaning knowledge through the seeing and hearing, interactive communication. thus we need to include the image education in a curriculum. image media make learners life-long, life-sustaining, life-enhancing.

지리교육에 있어서 문학작품의 활용

황홍섭 釜山敎育大學校 1995 부산교육대학 논문집 Vol.31 No.1

초등 사회과 지리영역 내용 선정 및 조직 방안

황홍섭,우종현 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 초등교육연구 Vol.16 No.-

This study is about the changes of the georgraphic contents in elementary school along with the changes of curriculum reform. The study focuses on the capacity of regional perceptions of students, the approach method, and further studies. The result of this study is as below. Generally, students expand the perception of regions from their hometown to their country and then to the world like a concentric circle. For the approach method, an unnecessarily excessive emphasis is usually placed on local and geographic characteristics(regional geography). These appear more obvious in the lower grades of elementary school. In further studies, students are supposed to understand the relationships between people, regional natural environments, and interactions among different regions. However, the texbook only makes lists of the natural and human environment, which are conspicuously shown in the world geography section. We are living in an information-oriented society filled with regional interactions and a wealth of knowledge. The simple acquisition of regional geographical knowledge and the concentric expansion of regional perceptions are not always easy to cope with. Therefore, we should focus on cultivating thinking power when we select the content of geographical sections as a method of helping students contemplate interdependence and unification on a global scale.

초등사회과 교육에 있어서 효율적인 인터넷의 활용 방안 탐색 : 지리 영역을 중심으로

황홍섭 부산교육대학교 초등교육연구소 1996 초등교육연구 Vol.9 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to examine a brief review of computer in education and internet in social studies of elementary school, to develop the teaching and learning resources on the internet, and to explore instructional and learning model by applying internet. The results of this paper were summerized as followed. First, internet provides new instructional and learning models to teachers and learners in school education. especially it can provide global education through global network, this models include regional instructional and learning model by applying direct internet, regional instructional and learning model by applying indirect internet, regional instructional and learning model by printed materials on internet. Secondly, internet can have a good education for globalization and information society, especially it permits an access to various and dynamic learning and teaching resources out of existing educational system.

자가공명영상을 이용한 정신분열병 환자의 뇌량 면적 측정

박홍석,이정섭,황성혜,김창현 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구에서는 정신분열병의 병태생리에 뇌량이 관여하는지 확인하기 위해 초발 및 만성 정신분열병 환자, 대조군의 뇌량의 영역을 측정하였다. 방 법 : 국립의료원에 입원한 23명의 정신분열병 환자(남자 15명, 여자 8명)와 단순 두통 또는 어지럼증을 호소하여 내원한 23명의 외래환자를 대조군으로 하여 뇌자기공명영상을 얻었으며, 남자는 26명, 여자는 20명 이었다. 환자군중 초발군은 13명, 만성군은 10명이었다. 정중시상평면에서 뇌량을 7개 영역으로 구분하여 NIH Image 1.60프로그램으로 분석하였으며, 정중시상평면의 대뇌면적도 구하였다. 이렇게 구한 각 뇌량척도들은 t-test를 이용하여 대조군과 비교하였으며, 성별에 따른 차이는 ANOVA를 이용하였으며, 이후 대뇌면적을 공변량으로 하여 ANCOVA를 시행하였다. 또한 초발군과 만성환자군, 대조군의 비교는 나이와 대뇌면적을 공변량으로하여 MANCOVA를 시행하였다. 결 과 : 환자군과 대조군 사이의 총뇌량의 평균면적과 각 7부분의 평균면적을 비교한 결과 환자군이 제 3, 제 6 뇌량영역을 제외하곤 대조군에 비해 평균면적이 작은 것으로 나왔지만 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 성별에 따라 비교한 결과 통계적 유의성은 관찰되지 않았지만 남자환자는 대조군에 비해 작고, 여자환자의 경우에는 큰 것으로 확인됐다. 초발과 만성환자군으로 나누어 대조군과 비교해 본 결과, 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 초발환자군이 만성환자군에 비해 모든 뇌량척도가 작았고, 만성환자군은 대조군보다 총뇌량의 평균면적이 컸으나 초발군은 대조군 보다 작았다. 결 론 : 본 연구의 결과 정신분열병 환자에서 유의한 뇌량의 형태적 이상을 확인하지는 못했지만 이전 연구들에서도 다양한 결과들을 보고하고 있으며, 이는 정신분열병이 생물학적 및 임상적으로 각기 다른 표현형을 가지고 있다는 가설로 설명할 수 있다. Objectives : This study was performed to determine whether the corpus callosum is involved in pathophysiology of schizophrenia and measured corpus callosal areas of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls. Methods : We obtained the brain magnetic resonance imaging of 23 schizophrenic inpatients(15 males, 8 females) and 23 controls(11 males, 12 females) with simple headache or dizziness. Among the schizophrenic group, first episode patients were 13, chronic patients were 10. In mid-sagittal plane, the corpus callosum was divided into 7 areas and the cerebral area was measured. This data was analyzed with NIH image 1.60 software. We compared the corpus callosal areas of schizophrenics with controls by t-test and by ANOVA according to sex. Thereafter, ANCOVA was performed with mid-sagittal cerebral area as covariant. Comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenics and controls was carried out by MANCOVA that was adjusted with age and mid-sagittal cerebra area. Results : The schizophrenics, compared with controls, had smaller corpus callosal areas except for the 3rd, 6th callosal area, but statistical significance was absent. According to sex, male schizophrenics had insignificantly smaller total callosal areas than male controls and female schizophrenics had larger ones. In comparison of first episode, chronic schizophrenic patients and controls, first episode patients had smaller every corpus callosal areas than chronic ones, chronic ones had larger total callosal area than controls and first episode ones had smaller total area than controls, but statistical significances were absent also. Conclusion : Our study did not reveal the structural abnormality of corpus callosum in schizophrenic patients, but many controversial results have been reported in other studies. This inter-study inconsistency could be explained by the hypotheses of not only clinical but also biological different phenotypes within the schizophrenia.