Multi‑tissue lipotoxicity caused by high‑fat diet feeding is attenuated by the supplementation of Korean red ginseng in mice

Seon‑A Jang,Seung Namkoong,이성률,Jin Woo Lee,Yuna Park,Gyeongseop So,Sung Hyeok Kim,Mi‑Ja Kim,Ki‑Hyo Jang,Alberto P. Avolio,Sumudu V. S. Gangoda,Hyun Jung Koo,Myung Kyum Kim,Se Chan Kang,Eun‑Hwa Sohn 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1

Background Excessive intake of fat, one of the causes of obesity, is associated with low-grade infammation in various susceptible organs and eventually causes tissue toxicity. This study examines the multifaceted suppressive efects of Korean red ginseng extract (KRG) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced lipotoxicity and infammatory responses in the aorta, liver, and brain. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were fed HFD with or without KRG for 12 weeks. The improvement efect in KRG on lipotoxicity and infammatory potential was determined in the blood and the aorta, liver, and brain tissues. Results KRG signifcantly inhibited 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase activity by >20% in vitro. KRG supplementation suppressed HFD-associated body weight gain, lipid profle changes, and excessive fat deposition in the liver and increased leptin, insulin, and ALT levels in the blood. Infammatory markers in the aorta, liver, and brain were also signifcantly reduced by KRG treatment. In microvascular endothelial cells, the 15% cyclic stretch-mediated upregulation of ICAM-1 and vascular cell adhesion protein-1 (VCAM-1) expression was signifcantly attenuated in the presence of KRG. Conclusion KRG supplementation attenuates HFD-mediated body weight gain, lipid profle changes, and multi-tissue infammatory responses.

Flangeless Esser PET Phantom 영상 자동 분석 프로그램의 유용성 평가

남궁창경,남기표,김경식,김정선,임기천,신상기,조시만,동경래,NamGung, Chang-Kyeong,Nam, Ki-Pyo,Kim, Kyeong-Sik,Kim, Jeong-Seon,Lim, Ki-Cheon,Shin, Sang-Ki,Cho, Shee-Man,Dong, Kyung-Rae 대한핵의학기술학회 2009 핵의학 기술 Vol.13 No.1

Purpose: ACR (American College of Radiology) offers variable parameters to PET/CT quality control by using ACR Phantom. ACR Phantom was made to evaluate parameters which are uniformity, attenuation, scatter, contrast and resolution. Manual analysis method wasn't good for the use of QC because values of parameter were changed as it may user and it takes long time to analysis. Ki-Chun Lim, a nuclear scientist in AMC, developed program that automatically analysis values of parameter by using ACR Phantom to overcome above problems. In this study, we evaluated automatic analysis program's usability, through the comparing SUV of each method, reproducibility of SUV when repeated analysis and the time required. Materials and Methods: Using Flangeless Esser PET Phantom, the ideal ratio of 4 : 1 hot cylinder and BKG but it actually showed a ratio of 3.89 to 1 hot cylinder and BKG. SIEMENS Biograph True Point 40 was used in this study. We obtained images using ACR phantom at Fusion WB PET Scan condition (2 min/bed) and 120 kV, 100 mAs CT condition. Using True X method, 3 iterations, 14 subsets, Gaussian filter, FWHM 4 mm and Zoom Factor 1.0, $168{\times}168$ image size. We obtained Max. & Min. SUV and SUV Mean values at Cylinder (8, 12, 16, 25 mm, Air, Bone, Water, BKG) by automatic program and obtained SUV by manual method. After that, we compared manual and automatic method. we estimate the time required from opened the image data to final work sheet was completed. Results: Automatic program always showed same result and same the time required. At 8, 12, 16 and 25 m cylinder, manual method showed 6.69, 3.46, 2.59, 1.24 CV values. The larger cylinder size became, the smaller CV became. In manual method, bone, air, water's CV were over 9.9 except BKG (2.32). Obtained CV of Mean SUV showed BKG was low (0.85) and bone was high (7.52). The time required was 45 second, 882 second respectably. Conclusions: As a result of difference automatic method and manual method, automatic method showed always same result, manual method showed that the smaller hot cylinders became, the lager CV became. Hot cylinders mean region size, the smaller hot cylinder size becomes we had some trouble in doing ROI poison setting. And it means increase in variation of SUV. The Study showed the time required of automatic method was shorten then manual method.

척수 손상인의 상부 운동원성 신경인성 장의대장 통과 시간과 배변 관리

임선희,나은우,이일영,조기홍 大韓再活醫學會 2000 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.24 No.3

국제인권규범을 통한 사회적 기본권의 구체화 가능성 검토

장선미,성기용 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2018 法學論集 Vol.22 No.4

사회적 기본권을 헌법에서 직접 규정하고 있는 우리 헌법의 해석론으로 가장 타당한 것은 구체적 권리설이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 구체적 권리설을 취할 때, 개별 기본권 규정에서 직접 도출될 수 있는 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용이 무엇이냐에 대한 논의가 필요하다. 사회적 기본권 규정들을 어떤 방식으로 해석하여야 하는지에 대한 문제는 여전히 남아 있기 때문이다. 헌법상 사회적 기본권 규정들의 경우, 사회적 기본권이라는 주관적 권리에 대응하는 국가의 의무에 대한 내용을 함께 규정하고 있는데, 개별 규정에서 규정하고 있는 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용은 무엇인지, 개인의 권리와 국가의 의무를 함께 규정하고 있는 이유 내지 의미는 무엇인지, 이때의 국가의 사회적 기본권 실현의무의 구체적 내용은 무엇인지를 규명하는 것 또한 구체적 권리설의 과제인 것이다. 사회적 기본권의 주관적 권리성 및 구체적 권리성 인정만으로 사회적 기본권이 개인의 기본권으로 보장되는 정도 내지 구속력이 객관설에 비해 크게 강화되는 것은 아니다. 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용과 보장의 범위에 대한 더 나아간 논의가 없다면, 객관설이 지적하는 바와 같이 명목상 권리에 그치게 될 수 있다. 이러한 연구과제와 관련하여 생각해 볼 수 있는 연구의 방향은 사회적 기본권이 자유권적 기본권과 마찬가지로 그 토대를 인권에 두고 있다는 점에 주목하여, 국제인권규범 분야에서 사회적 기본권과 동일하거나 유사한 인권에 관한 규범과 그 해석론을 사회적 기본권의 구체적 내용 파악에 활용하는 것이다. 이 가운데 사회권의 최소핵심을 실현하지 않는 국가작용에 대하여는 사법심사의 대상으로 삼아 권리의 침해를 인정하여야 한다는 사회권에 특유한 심사기준인 최소핵심의무는 사회적 기본권에서도 핵심적 내용을 판단하는 기준이 될 수 있다. 최소핵심의무뿐만 아니라 기본권의 구체적인 내용을 규정하고 있는 국제인권규범은 헌법재판소의 심사 과정에서도 사회적 기본권을 구체화시키는 기능을 할 수 있다. The most reasonable interpretation of the Constitution which social rights are directly defined in it is to accept such a right as a subjective right. However, there remains the further question as to whether social rights have their own scope and to what they are and to what extent they need to protect constitutionally. These are the questions related to how to interpret the constitutional provisions to entrench social rights in the constitutional law. Many theories try to solve these problem. Some theories assert that social rights have just the objective value like the constitutional principles or that they have the character as weak subjective rights. But it is not accepted because the constitutional law explicitly has provisions related to social rights. Social rights must be understood as subjective rights like freedom or liberties and the state has to owe the positive obligation to protect the rights when the constitutional law stipulates social rights provision. The constitutional court does not review cases related to social rights positively. It claims that it is difficult to materialize social rights and the legislator has to solve the difficulty because the constitutional law authorize legislator to materialize social rights. These claims are very plausible. Actually democratic legitimacy of legislator is stronger than the constitutional court. But the constitutional law authorize the constitutional court to protect people by interpreting the constitutional law at the trial. So the constitutional court has to try to seek reliable criteria. International human rights norms can suggest direction for the court. Especially the minimum core of economic, social and cultural rights or the minimum core obligation of the state help the court suggesting effective criteria.

島嶼用 太陽光 및 디젤發電 시스템의 比較 分析

李基善 충남대학교 1985 忠南科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.2

Diesel generators(DG) have been widely used as power system for remote rural communities and islands where the grid power is inaccessible. However, a recent trend is that, as the price of solar cell continues to go down, photovoltaic(PV) power system is getting more cost-competitive with diesel power system. This paper deals with systems that can be replaced with the conventional diesel power system such as PV, PV-DG hybrid and the modified version of a diesel generator system. System designs are made and economics is compared under the same load conditions. PV system is superior in reliability and operational conveniency but the main drawback is its high initial cost. PV-DG hybrid system is considered in that it can reduce such cost compared with PV system with the use of an inconvenient diesel generator as a back-up to a smaller PV generator to the extent that it can take maximum advantage of PV power generation rather than economic merits. Modified DG system is designed with added use of storage batteries that will enable to supply power for 24 hours a day for the purpose of mutual comparison with other types of power systems.

안면 골절의 후유증으로 인한 치아의 맹출장애 및 안모 비대칭 : A possible complication of facial fracture in child

이선재,유기준,송승희,서영진,조갑주,고부일,박영주,안병근 한림대학교의료원 1994 人間科學 Vol.18 No.11

과학 포트폴리오 체제의 적용이 초등학생의 사회심리학적 교실 환경에 미치는 효과

조선형,김찬종,김범기,김철영,김혜정 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 2001 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of the research is to investigate the effects of a portfolio system on students' socio-psychological classroom environments in elementary science class. Two schools were selected from a metropolitan area, a city, and one school from a rural area in central Korea. Two fifth-grade classes were sampled from each school selected, and one class is assigned to experimental group and the other to control group, respectively. The total number of participants of the study is 399. Portfolio system was administered to experimental group, and conventional teaching to control group for two and half month. WIHIC, an inventory to measure socio-psychological classroom environment, was administered as a pre-and post-test. Experimental group gained statistically higher scores on WIHIC after administering portfolio system. They showed more positive perceptions on sub-areas of WIHIC such as teacher support, task orientation, and equity. There is interaction between region and group: the effects of the portfolio system is highest in rural area, lowest in metropolitan area, and the city in between. Portfolio system have positive effects on students' socio-psychological classroom environments. Enhanced socio-psychological classroom environments is expected to contribute to positive self-concept, higher science achievements, and self-directed learning.

쇄골두개이골증

정선진,홍순기 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2000 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.30 No.3

Cleidocranial dysplasia (previously known as cleidocranial dysostosis) is a well-known, rare and hereditary skeletal disorder characterized by a variety of dental abnormalities and as its name implies, striking involvement of the cra-nial vaults and clavicles. A 17-year-old female who presented with short stature and prolonged retention of decid-uous teeth, subsequent delay in eruption of permanent teeth is described, She could touch her shoulders together at the midline anteriorly. Diagnostic procedures showed hypoplasia of the maxillary and zygomatic bones, open fontanelles and sutures, and aphasia of the clavicles. The paranasal sinuses were absent or underdeveloped. Characteristically, she had near parallel-sided borders in the ascending ramus of the mandible and abnormal-shaped, the slender pointed coronoid process. The zygomatic arches had a downward bend and discontinuity at the zygomaticotemporal suture area. Radiographic and clinical investigations of her cranial and skeletal abnormalities revealed features of cleidocranial dysplasia.(Korean J Oral maxilloface Radiol 2000; 30: 229-234)

복합레진 표면에 대한 APF gel의 영향

최남기,육근영,양규호,김선미 大韓小兒齒科學會 2006 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.33 No.1

소아의 치아우식증을 예방하기 위한 불소의 국소도포는 소아치과 영역에서 널리 시행되고 있다. 하지만 이러한 잇점에도 불구하고 최근 수복물 표면을 거칠게 한다는 부작용에 대해 논란이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 불소도포가 심미 수복물의 표면변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 수종의 복합레진에 국소도포용 불소젤을 도포시킨 후 변화를 관찰하였다. 시판용 레진인 Z 250(3M ESPE, USA), Ultraseal XT^(®)(Ultradent, USA), Filtek flow^(®)(3M, USA) , Revolution^(®)(Kerr, USA), Denfil^(®)(Vericom,Korea)를 이용하여 시편을 제작하고, 불소젤은 Topex^(®)(Sultan Dental Products,Canada)을 각각 1분과 4분동안 도포시켰다. 각 제품마다 불소젤을 도포하지 않은 5개의 시편을 대조군으로 사용하였다. 그 후 이 시편들의 표면 거칠기(Ra value,㎛)와 무게 차이를 측정하고 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 불소젤을 도포시키지 않은 대조군에서 가장 평활한 표면을 보였으며 1분군, 4분군 순으로 표면 거칠기가 증가하였다. 그리고 Revolution을 제외한 모든 제품에서 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 국소도포용 불소젤을 도포한 각 레진 시편의 무게 차이를 비교한 결과 대조군, 1분군, 4분군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 주사전자현미경 관찰시 불소젤에 도포시킨 실험군은 대조군에 비해 거친 표면을 나타냈다. 이상의 결과로 국소적 불소도포는 복합레진의 표면 거칠기에 영향을 미치며 이를 고려하여 사용한다면 4분보다는 1분간의 불소도포법을 이용하는 것을 추천할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Topical fluoride application for children is a widely performed procedure in the field of pediatric dentistry to prevent dental caries. However, it is recently recognized as having some unwanted effects on several esthetic restorative materials as it roughens the surface of the restorative materials. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface changes in composite resins to topical fluoride. Composite resins(Z 250^(®),Ultraseal XT^(®),Filtek flow^(®),Revolution^(®),Denfil^(®))in topical fluoride agents were immersed and their surface roughness, weight loss and SEM were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. The 4 minutes-immersion groups showed more roughened surface than 1 minute-immersion groups and the control groups showed the smoothest surface among all the materials, and there was statistically significant difference except the revolution between the groups. 2. There was no significant difference between the 1 minute-immersion groups and 4 minutes-immersion groups in weight loss. 3. The experimental group treated with topical fluoride gel showed the generally mere roughened surface than control group in the SEM findings.

납에 의해 유발된 신경세포의 APOPTOSIS

양선희,신동훈,백원기 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Lead is a major environmental and occupational neurotoxicant. It has been shown that long-term exposure to a low level of lead impairs the development of brain. For example, it was reported that lead exposure during the childhood causes a learning difficulty and a memory deficit of children. Neurotoxic agents including the lead are believed to cause neuronal death in developing brain by two mechanisms: apoptosis and necrosis. However, the exact mechanism of neuronal death caused by lead exposure is still not known explicitly. In this study, we conducted a study to clarify a mechanism of hippocampal neuronal cell death caused by lead acetate. Hippocampal neurons were cultured for 14-16days and treated with lead acetate of 1, 10, 100μM concentrations for 12 hours. With the MTT (methyl tetrazolium test)kit, the viability of neuronal cells was measured. Next, in order to examine apoptosis caused by lead acetate, TUNEL(TdT-mediated d-UTP Nick End Labelling ) assay was performed. It has been shown that lead acetate reduced the viability of neuronal cells in a dose dependent manner, especially at the concentration of 100 μM lead acetate. TUNEL immunostain showed brownish signals in the nucleus of apoptotic cells. The proportions of apoptotic cells in the lead-acetate treated group were more higher than those in the controls and increased as lead acetate concentration increased. From above results, it may be concluded that lead in the hippocampal neuronal cells reduced cell viability and one of mechanisms in neuronal cell death by lead appears to be apoptosis.