Study on Aging Effect of Adhesion Strength Between Polyimide Film and Copper Layer

Seok‑Bon Koo,Chang‑Myeon Lee,Sang‑Jun Kwon,Jun‑Mi Jeon,Jin‑young Hur,Hong‑Kee Lee 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

This paper experimentally confirmed that the adhesion strength of the copper layer formed on the surface of the polyimidefilm by wet plating greatly changes with the aging time. The adhesion strength of the copper layer showed a rapid increasefrom 4 to 10 h after aging had begun and then converged to a value without a significant change. The adhesion enhancementbetween polyimide film and copper layer by aging is due to the interlocking effect caused by the volume expansion of copperoxide (CuO) formed in the polyimide, the increased mobility of copper particles enlarged by the decrease of impuritiesin the copper layer grain boundaries, and the consequent change of the crystal structure of the copper layer leading to theinternal stress reduction. Such adhesion improvement can be confirmed by the progress of the cohesive failure indicatingthe breakdown of the polyimide film.

還元鐵 粉末을 混合한 카보닐鐵 粉末의 射出成形時 結合劑 選擇

具光德,李奭羲,成章鉉 東亞大學校 大學院 1993 大學院論文集 Vol.18 No.-

To select the optimum binder composition in the metal injection molding of the mixed powders of carbonyl and reduction powders, the PW, CW, SA and HDPE were selected as a multi-component binder and optimum applicable compostion of the multi-component binder was determined during the metal injection molding process. With increasing the HDPE content in the multi-component binders, the moldability(spiral length) decreased. The multi-component binder were condensed separated above 30wt.% of the HDPE. and the improvement of the moldability did not appear above 2wt.% addition of the Sa in the multicomponent binders. Considering the irregular particl size and proous holes at the surface of the reduction powder, it is possible to obtain a sound component for the composition of the binders of 82wt.%PW< 11wt.%CW, 5wT.%HDPE and 2wt.%SA in spited of the secrifice of the st4rength of the green part. The moldability and density decreased with increasing the weight fraction of the reduction powder. The minimum spiral length to obtain a sound green parts of the tensile testing specimen could be determined by using the moldability test. With increasing the weight fraction of the reduction ppoweder, the linear shrinkage decreased and also the sintered density incrased after decreasing at the 10wt.% addition of reduction powders.

4~5세기 고구려에 유입된 중국계 인물의 동향 : 문헌자료를 중심으로

孔錫龜 한국고대사학회 2003 韓國古代史硏究 Vol.32 No.-

Political chaos in China during the 4th and 5th centuries gave an obvious impetus to Chinese immigration to Koguryo. Koguryo also captured Chinese by attacking adjacent towns. In this study, we collect and ascertain literature data on the Chinese immigration to Koguryo. The literature on the influx of Chinese population into Koguryo show that there are various classes of Chinese immigrants such as kings, brothers of kings, government officials, Buddist monks, and ordinary people. This may indicate that many Chinese immigrants lived in the Koguryo territory. We were also able to check traces of Chinese immigration in Naklang and Daegangkun. After we confirmed the fact that Chinese were immigrated into Koguryo, we studied their movements. Chinese immigrants are divided into three groups. The first group is represented by people who were settled in Koguryo local areas by government officials. The second is the group of people who were arranged in the suburban areas of the capital of Koguryo. The third group of people is characterized by those who lived in Koguryo for some time and moved back to China later. We analyzed cases and the movements on Chinese who immigrated to Koguryo during the 4th and 5th centuries. Based on our current study, we may not deny that the Chinese immigrants contributed to the rapid development of Koguryo during these times. Some Chinese intellectuals who are familiar with a law-governed administration might playa role in paving the way for Koguryo's foundation.

PIGL엥겔曲線體系의 推定에 있어서 特定體系와 等分散性에 대한 同時的 檢定

李錫求 건국대학교 경제경영연구소 2001 商經硏究 Vol.26 No.1

This paper deals with a procedure to estimate the PIGL Engel-Curve system, Ci= αiy+βiyy(λ) (i= 1, 2, ‥‥, n), including as special cases the two well-known systems, i.e., the linear Engel Curve system(when λ = -1 ) and the Working-Leser Engel Curve system(when λ = 0). Then the assumed generalized variance-covariance matrix ***** disturbance vector εh(h= 1,2, ‥‥, H) includes as special cases the homoskedasticity(when δ= 0) and the specific heteroskedasticity(when δ= 2). Also, this study presents an approach to test simultaneously for specific system and homoskedasticity(or specific heteroskedasticity) by specifying various models nested in the generalized heteroskedastic PIGL model.

건설VE에서의 준비단계와 분석단계 연계방안에 관한 연구

손석구,현창택,구교진 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

Value Engineering(VE) is in force for strengthening the competitiveness in internal construction industry. But, although there are systematic, technical efforts, VE is recognized only a method of cost saving in internal construction industry. Each phase of VE has not been connected organically and cut. It has focused only cost saving in target selection phase and function definition has been performed by original functions that target has. This study suggests the connection process between a target selection of preparation phase and a function definition of analysis phase, and reflects needs of clients and users and project characters in the target selection. This study suggests a method of an effective function definition

국어교육에 있어서의 한자 지도문제에 대한 고찰

김석구 군산교육대학 1971 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

1). The linguistic letters are living existence. Therefore if we bring under the artificial control over them and we draw a hasty conclusion with a prejudice on the cultural policy which has to be thought freely, it's a very dangerous thing and consequently will bring nothing but a loss. 2),After being experimented and studied the various problems fully which implies the abolition of the Chinese characters, and analized the influences upon the succesion of the racial culture, upon the rational appreciation on the linguistic life, and upon the enrichment of the Korean language etc, the exclusive use of the Korean language has to be groped the adequate policy. 3), The Chinese characters have much advantages which utilizes the thought-fuction rationally and the visual effect from the letter application of word units and which has the effeciency of reading comprehension, the versatilities of linguistic expression etc. 4), First, the Chinese characters have the expression of the word which has no morphological changes and fixes the meaning. Second, they have the effective visualization which has a higher visual distinction. Third, the construction of the words is so simple that they have the useful contraction in making the abbreviations. Fourth, they have the abundant fuction in making the coinage. 5), Learning some finite words, we can easily understand lost of Chinese chracters and we can have more effective products than the Korean language which has to be learned word after word indivividually. The Chinese chracters reduce the stopping numbers in the eye movement and they maintain the stopping time while they contribute much to increasing the power of reading comprehension. 6), In the modern education of the Korean Ianguage, we always have to research the actual conditions of the living language, and have to have the students learn the vocabulary of being used in our daily lives widely and we have to attach importance to teaching the necessary vocabulary (the basic words) which enable the possiblity of the great linguistic expression with the minimum numbers of the words 7), Researching the frequency of the Chinese chracters resulted the researching ways of the basic, common words and the formative degrees of the compound words, we have to study in choosing the necessary Chinese chracters. Finally, it is very urgent to select the basic Chinese characters for education through comparison, investigation and historical researches on the above necessary Chinese chracters.

學部 應用統計學科이 敎育課程設定에 관한 小考 : 建國大學校를 中心으로

李錫求 건국대학교 1984 學術誌 Vol.28 No.1

Nowdays, statistics is widely applied to almost every phase of human activity. This implies the importance and necessity of statistics education In Korea, universities have begun to establish the department of statistics 20 years ago. So far, 32 universities (colleges) have opened this department. Even though late, compared with other universities, it is fortunate enough for Kon-Kuk University to open the department of applied statistics in 1982. However, only the opening of the department is not all that we should do. More important thing, in order effectively to handle the department, is precisely to study what its direction of education is and how its curriculum is modeled. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to present a foundation to build a systematic and effective curriculum model of Kon-Kuk University's program in applied statistics. In addition, this paper is prepared to give a little assistance in setting up the direction of education as well as promoting the effect of education in the department of applied statistics. This paper is organized in the following fashion ; (I) Introduction, (II) Direction of education of the department of applied statistics, (III) Setting up of the curriculum model, (IV) Conclusion and summary.

수부의 외상성 중수지 관절 탈구의 치료

이승구,송석환,이주엽,문창윤,오재찬 대한골절학회 2003 대한골절학회지 Vol.16 No.2

목적 : 수부의 중수지 관절 탈구의 관혈적 정복이 필요했던 예에서는 정복을 방해하는 구조물에 대해 분석하고 도수 정복이 가능했던 예에서는 성별 및 탈구 형태에 따른 특성에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 총 27예의 수부 중수지 관절 탁구 환자 (무지 11예, 이지 14예, 소지 2예)를 대상으로 연구하였다. 탈구된 중수지 관절의 정복을 방해하는 해부학적 구조는 수술시에 확인을 하였으며, 도수 정복이 가능하였던 예들에서도 연령과 손상된 구조물, 그리고 최종적인 임상 결과를 평균 7개월간 추시 관찰하였다. 결과 : 무지 중수지 관절의 탈구 11예 중 파열된 전방 관절낭, 수장판과 단무지 굴건의 파열을 동반한 복합 탈구가 8예 있어 관혈 정복을 시행하였으며, 2예에서만 도수 정복이 가능하였다. 관절염이 있던 1예는 관절 유합술을 시행하였다. 다른 수지의 중수지 관절의 탈구는 Kaplan의 개념에 따라 탈구를 수술 정복하였고 파열된 수장판을 복원하였으며, 1예에서 수술시 표재 중수 횡인대만의 절개와 이완으로 정복할 수 있었다. 소지 중수지 관절 탈구의 2예에서 파열된 요측 측부인대가 수술시 관찰되었고 이를 복원하여 수지의 불안정성을 예방하였다. 이들의 최종 결과는 특별한 운동 제한이나 불안정성 없이 좋은 결과를 보였다. 결론 : 적절한 국소 마취하에 도수 정복을 1~2회 시행할 수 있지만 단순 정복이 가능한 탈구가 부적절한 견인으로 정복이 불가능한 복합 탈구로 진행할 수 있다. 그리고 복합 탈구는 대부분 관혈적 정복이 필요하기 때문에, 정복 방해 구조물에 대한 충분한 이해와 적절한 조치가 필요하다. Purpose : To analyse the obstacles to prevent the reduction for dislocation of the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints of the hand and evaluate the relationship between the sex and dislocation type in closed reduction case. Materials and Methods : Total 27 cases of MP joint dislocation of the hand (11 cases of thumb, and 14 index and 2 little finger) were reviewed retrospectively. The anatomical structures to prevent the reduction were confirmed at operation and the cases which were reduced immediately were also analysed for their ages and differences of damaged structures, and finally their complications or outcome were reviewed for average 7 months after reduction. Results : In 11 cases of thumb MP joint dislocations, the complex dorsal dislocations in which the protruded metacarpal neck was caught by buttonhole of torn anterior joint capsule, volar plate and FPB were reduced by open method in 8 cases, and closed reduction was done in 2 cases but one old case required arthrodesis. In other finger MP joint dislocations, the Kaplan's concept to prevent the reduction was confirmed. But reduction of torn volar plate and incision of transverse metacarpal ligament were sufficient to reduce the dislocation with gentle longitudinal traction during the operation. In two cases of little finger MP joint dislocation, the ruptured radial collateral ligaments were noted after open reduction and it must the repaired to prevent the finger instability later. Their overall end results were good without any significant restriction of MP joints motions and finger instabilities. Conclusion : One or two times of closed reduction with proper local anesthesia could be tried, but simple reducible dislocation can be converted to complex irreducible ones by the inappropriate traction method, and so proper reduction technique by closed or even in open way is important with the knowledge of anatomical obstacles to prevent the reduction of the metacarpophalangeal joints.

敎育用 基本 韓字에 對한 調査 硏究 : 現行 國民學校 國語科 敎科書를 中心으로 Of the Existing Text books of the Korean Language at Primary Schools

金錫九 群山敎育大學 1972 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

According to the research plan, "A Research on the Basic Chinese Characters for the Educational Use" which I had already submitted for the research assistance expense of the Ministry of Education in 1971, I researched the frequency of using the Chinese Characters ranging from those of fourth to six grade in existing text books of the Korean Language at primary schools. After collecting the frequency in use of the Chinese Characters and in vocabulary building, I conducted the result of them and suggested the methods available for selecting the basic Chinese Characters for the educational use at primary schools. It is quite natural that we should take into account the trouble spots on the instruction of the Chinese Characters for the purpose of developing the vocabulary quantity in the Korean Language which have to be supported for succession to the racial culture and the absorption of foreign civilization, and of conducting the Chinese Characters for the reasonable management of real life of literacy, and of increasing the practical effeciency in the Korean Language. The elementary words are selected intending in advance and considering the range of important linguistic activities and domain of expression, while the basic words are selected on the basis of our daily life and the frequency and the using range working in reality. In selecting the elementary Chinese Characters and the basic Chinese Characters, the above-mentioned conceptive distinctions have to be applied. According to the majority of scholars, they are likely to think that it is desirable to be operated the instruction of the Chinese Characters which are necessary in the daily life. Consequently, selecting some basic Chinese Characters, which are selected on the basis of our daily life and the using range and frequency in existing words practically, is to be prior to selecting the elementary Chinese Characters.

고령자를 위한 주거시설 치수 표준화과정에 관한 연구

이특구,권순정,오은진,김상길,김석준,김노석 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this Guideline is to provide basic standardization basis for planning and designing of the dwellings so that elderly may live, either with their family or independently, an independently comfortable life style. Dwelling facility is defined as a physical area where important activities of daily life are conducted by a person/people and is also the focal place of a family. Therefore, the Guideline classifies the areas where daily activities are conducted by type of such activities and provides standards to countermeasure for natural physical disabilities of the elders.