Collagenase와 esterase가 상아질 접착강도와 nanoleakage에 미치는 영향

정영정,한세현,김종철,이상훈,김정욱,김영재,장기택 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.3

본 연구는 상아질 접착계면에서 collagenase와 esterase가 접착강도와 극미세누출에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위해 시행하였다. 발치된 치아의 교합면 상아질에 Single Bond 2(SB)와 Clearfil SE bond(SE)를 사용하여 상아질-레진 접착시편을 제작하고,시편을 인산완충용액(PBS)에 24시간(I),또는 PBS(II),collagenase 용액(III),esterase 용액(IV)에 4주간 보관 한 후 질산은 용액으로 염색하였다. 시편의 미세인장접착강도(μTBS)와 질산은 침투 면적을 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. SB군의 접착강도가 II∼IV군에서 SE군에 비해 낮은 값을 나타내었다(p<O.05). SB군은 II∼IV군의 접착강도가 I군에 비해 낮은 값을 보였으나(p<O.05),SE군의 접착강도는 I∼IV군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>O.05). 2. SB군의 질산은 침투 면적이 SE군에 비해 높았으며(p<O.05),SB군과 SE군에서 질산은 침투 면적은 I ∼ IV군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>O.05). 3. 접착강도와 질산은 침투 면적은 SE군의 I, II,III군에서 음의 상관관계를 보였다(p<O.05). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of collagenase and esterase on dentin bond strength and nanoleakage. Resin composites were bonded to occlusal dentin of premolars with Single Bond 2(SB) and Clearfil SE Bond(SE). After the microtensile specimens were prepared and stored in PBS for 24 hours(I) or, PBS(II), collagenase(III), esterase(IV) solution for 4 weeks, the specimens were stained with silver nitrate solution. Microtensile bond strength(μTBS) and silver penetration area were measured and, the results were as follows: 1. For group II, III, and IV, the bond strengths of SB were lower than those of SB(p<0.05). The bond strengths of SB II, III, and IV were lower than that of SB I(p<0.05). There was no difference among the bond strengths of SE I ∼ IV groups(p>0.05). 2. Silver penetration areas of SB were higher than those of SE for all storage groups(p<0.05). In SB and SE groups, there was no significant difference of silver penetration area among I ∼ IV groups(p>0.05). 3. SE I, II, and III showed inverse relationship between the bond strengths and the silver penetration areas(p<0.05).

17C 중국인 피난민 康世爵에 대한 문학적 형상화와 인식태도 -<강세작전>과 <강군세작묘지명>을 중심으로-

윤세순 ( Se Soon Yun ) 한국고소설학회 2010 古小說 硏究 Vol.30 No.-

본고에서는 명나라 遺民인 강세작을 입전한 세 개의<강세작전>과 <강군세작묘지명>에 대해 살펴보았다. 네 명의 작자는 모두 동일한 인물을 소재로 글을 지었고, 서로 비슷한 이야기를 하면서도 각기 다른 시선으로 강세작을 바라보고 있었다. 작자 중에 박세당과 남구만은 소론계 인물로서 혈연적 학문적 동지였고, 최창대 역시 두 사람을 스승으로 모셨던 소론계 인물이라는 사실은 주목할 필요성이 있다. 박세당은 강세작이 요동의 전쟁터에서 겪은 일들에 대해선 스치듯이 서술하여 관심을 보이지 않았고, 조선 땅에 살면서 명나라 유민으로서 강세작이 보여준 면모에만 관심을 집중하였다. 반면 김몽화는 요동의 전투지역을 누볐던 세작의 모습만을 집중적으로 서술하였다. 박세당은 강세작의 인간됨됨이와 성격, 식견 등을 부각시키기 위해, 김몽화는 강세작을 의열지사라 칭송하여 전쟁 영웅으로 재탄생시키려는 의도가 있었기 때문에 각기 이런 구성방식을 택한 것이다. 남구만과 최창대는, 강세작이 요동의 전쟁터에서 겪은 일들과 조선 땅에 살면서 그가 보여준 면면들을 아울러 서술하였다. 남구만은 현실 속에서 강세작이 겪은 일들과 그의 인간적인 면모를 가감 없이 보여주려고 하였다. 반면 최창대는 작품 사이사이에 의론을 끼워 넣어 강세작을 君子나 烈士라 칭송하여 미화시켰고 강세작을 오자서에 견주어 과대평가를 하기도 하였다. 한편 박세당과 남구만의 작품에서는 강세작의 모습이 추상화되어 있지 않았다. 즉 村老의 질박함을 풍기는 현실 속 그대로의 모습을 보여주었다. 박세당과 남구만은 강세작과 동시대를 산 사람으로서 함경도에서 관직생활을 했을 적에 직접 강세작을 만나서 담소를 나누었기 때문에 있는 그대로의 강세작의 모습을 보여줄 수 있었다. 반면 최창대와 김몽화의 작품에서는 관념화가 진행된 강세작의 모습이 보였다. 이들은 강세작의 살아생전 모습을 볼 수 없었기 때문에 事前에 미리 구상해 놓은 강세작의 이미지 틀 속에 현실의 강세작을 손쉽게 끼어 넣어 자신들의 의도에 맞게 강세작을 새롭게 재탄생시켰다. 바로 이 때문에 강세작은 君子나 烈士의 모습으로, 나아가 전쟁영웅의 모습으로 형상화될 수 있었다. 즉 일상적 인식으로 강세작을 바라본 박세당과 남구만은 강세작의 실제 모습 속으로 침투해 들어가 현실 속에서 보고 느낀 그대로 강세작을 서술하였다. 반면 강세작을 직접 만나본 적이 없었던 최창대와 김몽화는 강세작을 쉽게 타자화할 수 있었기 때문에 자신들이 의도한 강세작의 모습을 만들어 내는 것이 가능하였다. 이처럼 미시적인 차원에서 바라볼 경우, 네 명의 작자는 서로 다른 시선과 목적으로 강세작을 바라보고 있었다. 하지만 거시적인 차원 즉 이 작품들이 지어질 수 있었던 사회적 배후에는 조선의 전통적인 중화주의가 은연중에 작용하고 있었다고 본다. This study investigated three Kang Se-jak Jeons and Kanggun Se-jak Myojimyeong, which all described the life of Kang Se-jak, a migrant of Ming Dynasty. The four authors wrote a book about the same person and adopted different perspectives on him, telling similar stories. Park Se-dang(朴世堂) and Nam Gu-man(南九萬) belonged to the Soron Family and the same kin and academic circle. It is also noteworthy that Choi Chang-dae(崔昌大) was a disciple of the two and belonged to the Soron Family, as well. Park Se-dang roughly talked about what Kang experienced at the battlefield of Liaodong, showing no interest in it. What he focused on was his aspects as a migrant of Ming Dynasty in Joseon. On the contrary, Kim Mong-hwa(金夢華) provided intensive descriptions of him dominating the battlefield of Liaodong. The two authors` compositions were different because Park tried to highlight Kang`s character, personality, and insight and Kim intended to make him be reborn as a war hero, calling him a man of heroic and noble mind. Meanwhile, Nam Gu-man and Choi Chang-dae depicted both what Kang experienced at the battlefield of Liaodong and the aspects he showed living in Joseon. While Nam tried to what Kang experienced in real life and his human aspects with no addition or subtraction, Choi beautified him, calling him a man of honor or a man of fervid loyalty by inserting his arguments in the book, as well as overestimated him by comparing him with O Ja-seo. Park and Nam did not depict Kang in an abstract manner in their stories; that is, they presented his simple life as a rural serf as it was. Both of them were his contemporary figures and had chances to talk with Kang while serving in an official position in Hamgyeong Province, thus being able to show him as he was. On the other hand, Choi and Kim presented the conceptualized aspects of Kang in their stories. Having no chance to meet him in person, they easily put real Kang in the image framework they prepared in advance and gave him a new life according to their intentions. Thus Kang was embodied as a man of honor or fervid loyalty and further a war hero. While Park and Nam, who saw Kang from the perspective of daily life, penetrated into his actual aspects and wrote what they saw and felt about him in reality, Choi and Kim, who never had a chance to meet him in person, could easily put him in the othering process and create him the way they intended. From a microscopic dimension, it is obvious that the four authors adopted different perspectives and goals regarding Kang. However, it seems that Joseon`s traditional Sino-centrism must have worked in subtlety in the social background that the four books were written from a macroscopic dimension.

Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 나노입자을 이용한 광흡수층 치밀화에 따른 Se 분위기의 열처리 효과

윤경훈(Yoon, Kyung-Hoon),김기현(Kim, Ki-Hyun),안세진(Ahn, Se-Jin),안병태(Ahn, Byung-Tae) 한국신재생에너지학회 2006 한국신재생에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.06

나노입자를 이용하여 치밀한 Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ 태양전지용 광흡수층을 제조하기 위해 먼저, 콜로이달 방법으로 합성된 20nm이하의 CIGS 나노입자를 저가의 스프레이 법을 이용하여 CIGS 막을 제조하였다. 제조된 CIGS막을 two-zone RTP (rapid temperature Process) 방법으로 Se 분위기 안에서 열처리를 행하였다. 입자의 치밀화를 위해 기판의 온도, Se 증발온도와 수송가스의 유량을 조절하여 CIGS 입자성장을 행하였다. 그러나, Se의 증발온도가 높을수록 CIGS와 MO 박막 사이에서 MoSe₂ 층이 형성되었다. 형성된 MoSe₂층의 부피 팽창으로 인해 하부의 유리기판과 Mo층 사이에서 peeling off 현상이 발생했다. 이러한 Peeling off현상을 억제하면서 CIGS 나노입자 성장을 하기 위해, Se 공급을 빨리 할 수 있도록 Se의 증기압을 높였으며, 최적조건에서 급속 열처리 공정을 통해 CIGS 나노입자 성장과 치밀화를 위한 소결거동을 관찰하였다.

The Effect of Topiramate on Hippocampal Neuronal Death and Expression of Glutamate Receptor in Kainate-induced Status Epilepticus Model

박민정,하세운,배혜란,김상호,Park Min-Jeong,Ha Se-Un,Bae Hae-Rahn,Kim Sang-Ho Korean Society of Life Science 2005 생명과학회지 Vol.15 No.3

신경흥분독성과 간질발작발현은 glutamate 수용체활성과 연관이 있다고 알려져 있다. a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA), kainate 수용체에 대한 glutamate 활성을 포함하는 다양한 기전을 가진 항전간제인 Topiramate는 신경보호작용을 가진다는 증거가 제시되어 Topiramate가 간질발작 후 해마의 glutamate 수용체 발현에 미치는 효과를 관찰하였다. 흰쥐에 kainate를 복강 내 주사하여 간질중첩증을 유발시킨 후 Topiramate를 1주일 주사하였다 Apop tag in situ detection kit를 이용하여 세포손상을 관찰한 결과 kainate 유발 간질중첩증 1주일 후 해마의 CA1, CA3에서 심각한 세포사를 보였으나, Topiramte 처리 군에서는 세포사가 현저히 감소하였다. 간질중첩증 이후 NMDA 수용체 아형 1,2a, 2b 발현이 현저히 증가했으나 Topiramate 처치에 의해 NMDA수용체의 발현에는 뚜렷한 변화가 없었다. AMPA수용체에서는 GluR1이 간질중첩증 이후 현저히 상향 조정되었고 GluR2는 현저히 하향조정 되었다 Topiramate 1주일 처리 시 간질중첩증으로 인해 변화된 CluR1과 GluR2의 발현이 역전되었다. 결론적으로 Topiramate는 간질중침증에 의한 CluR1/CluR2 발현비의 증가로 유발되는 흥분성 신경세포사를 억제시킴으로써 신경보호작용이 있는 것으로 보인다. Excitotoxicity and epileptogenesis have often been associated with glutamate receptor activation. Accumulating evidences indicates that topiramate (TPM), an antiepileptic drug with multiple mechanisms of action has neuroprotective activity. We explored the neuroprotective effect of TPM on the status epilepticus (SE)-induced hippocampal neuronal death. After development of SE by kainite injection (15 mg/Kg), rats were treated with TPM (10mg/kg) for 1 week. The neuronal death was detected by Apop tag in situ detection kit, and the expression levels of glutamate receptors were semi-quantitatively analyzed by immunoblot. Kainate-induced SE caused a significant neuronal death and cell loss in CAI and CA3 regions of hippocampus at 1 week. However, treatment of TPM for 1 week after SE markedly reduced hippocampal neuronal death. The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunit 1, was increased by SE, but was not affected by 1 week treatment of TPM. The expressions of NMDA receptor subunit 2a and 2b were not changed by either SE or TPM. As for ${\alpha}-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate$ (AMPA) glutamate receptors (GluR), kainate-induced SE markedly up-regulated GluR1 expression but down-regulated GluR2 expression, leading to increased formation of $Ca^{2+}$ permeable GluR2- lacking AMPA receptors. TPM administration for 1 week attenuated SE-induced expression of both the up-regulation of GluR1 and down-regulation of GluR2, reversing the ratio of GluR1/GluR2 to the control value. In conclusion, TPM protects neuronal cell death against glutamate induced excitotoxicity in kainate-induced SE model, supporting the potential of TPM as a neuroprotective agent.

응급실에 내원한 국내 간질중첩증 소아의 발생율과 특성

신은주(Eun Ju Shin),황세희(Se Hee Hwang) 대한소아신경학회 2016 대한소아신경학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Purpose: Status epilepticus (SE) is the most common life-threatening neurological condition in childhood. To clarify the incidence and outcome, we have evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of SE patients in Korea. Methods: In evaluating data from the National Emergency Department Information System (NEDIS), we retrospectively analyzed patients, and classified them by age and sex distribution, body temperature, time on arrival, seasonal variation and treatment outcome. The patients were under 8 years old who visited 111 general hospital emergency rooms in Korea between 2007 and 2013. Results: There were 4,257 total patients enrolled in our study. The ratio of males to females was 1.11:1. The incidence of SE in Korean children was 14.5/100,000 in 2010, and the highest incidence was seen in patients 1 to 2 years old. We could not find a seasonal variation. Febrile patients with temperatures over 38 °C accounted for 1,901 patients(44.7%). Peak time on arrival was 6 p.m. to midnight for 1,301 patients (30.5%). 3,356 patients (78.8%) were admitted immediately for proper treatment, while 678 patients(15.9%) were allowed to go home after emergency treatment. Unfortunately, 4 patients (0.1%) died despite first aid. Conclusion: The most common age in SE is 1 to 2 years. Regarding the correlation of fever with SE, patients who exhibit fever accounted for almost half of the patients with SE. In our study, the mortality rate in emergency room was 0.1%. Therefore, anyone who is suspected to have SE should be immediately transferred to a general hospital with ICU facilities for intensive treatment under the direction of medical experts.

무인운전경전철시스템의 효과적 운영을 위한 사업초기단계 SE적용방안

정수영(Su-Young Chung),박수중(Soo-Choong Park),민경세(Kyung-Se Min),전서탁(Seo-Tak Jeon) 한국철도학회 2011 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

Recently the demand regarding reliability and safety of the railroad are increased as built to Driverless LRT system. Therefore PM and SE technique is applied for efficient management of a construction business. In case of SE(System Engineering) in domestic most foreign companies are doing to lead but we are under effort for the environment that a domestic company can lead. In this study We emphasize to SE importance of pre-business for operation to be effective of Driveless LRT system and propose about activities in the SE at requirements definitions and requirements analysis steps of a highest level. To achieve this We propose SE Application Methods of Pre-Business regarding assistance process of project planning evaluation and control and risk management.

Electrical, Thermal, and Thermoelectric Transport Properties of Se-doped Polycrystalline Re2Te5

Se Woong Lee,Okmin Park,Hyun-Sik Kim,Won-Seon Seo,Sang-il Kim 대한금속·재료학회 2022 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.60 No.12

Re2Te5 is considered a potential thermoelectric material because of its intrinsically low thermalconductivity, due to its complex crystal structure. Herein, a series of Se-doped Re2Te5 (Re2Te5-xSex, x = 0, 0.2,1, and 2) samples were synthesized, and their electrical and thermal transport properties were investigated. Pure orthorhombic Re2Te5 phases were successfully synthesized without any impurities for all compositions,and the continuous decrease in the calculated lattice parameters confirmed the substitution of Se atoms atthe Te sites. A maximum power factor of 0.135 mW/mK2was achieved for the sample with x = 0.2 at 880 K,mainly due to the increase in carrier concentration and electrical conductivity. The lattice thermalconductivity significantly decreased for all doped samples, which was attributed to the point defect phononscattering caused by Se doping. The thermoelectric figure of merit, zT reached a maximum value of 0.20 at880 K for Re2Te4.8Se0.2 (x = 0.2) sample, which was approximately 22% higher than that of the pristine Re2Te5sample. The weighted mobility, quality factor, and expected zT were calculated to evaluate the optimizationof the power factor and zT.

1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone [SE1] suppresses pro-inflammatory responses by blocking NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in activated microglia

Himaya, S.W.A.,Ryu, BoMi,Qian, Zhong-Ji,Li, Yong,Kim, Se-Kwon Elsevier 2011 european journal of pharmacology Vol.670 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Unregulated activation of microglia is a key risk factor contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and suppression of this phenomenon is considered as a potential therapeutic target. The compound isolated from sea horse <I>Hippocampus kuda</I> Bleeler; 1-(5-bromo-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethanone [SE1] was characterized for its ability in suppressing LPS mediated activation of murine BV-2 cells. Despite the presence of various active molecular groups in the structure, SE1 has not well explored for its biological activities. The outcome of this study clearly indicated that SE1 inhibited the production of inflammatory mediators; nitric oxide, prostaglandin E<SUB>2</SUB> and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, it inhibited the protein and gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. The responsible signaling mechanisms leading to these inhibitions were identified as SE1 mediated blocking of phosphorylation of mitogen activate protein kinase (MAPK) molecules; C-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 and p50 subunits. These results suggest that SE1 has the potential to be further developed as therapeutic against neuro-inflammation.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure id='f0045'></ce:figure></P>

Chalcogenization-Derived Band Gap Grading in Solution-Processed CuIn_<i>x</i>Ga_1–<i>x</i>(Se,S)₂ Thin-Film Solar Cells

Park, Se Jin,Jeon, Hyo Sang,Cho, Jin Woo,Hwang, Yun Jeong,Park, Kyung Su,Shim, Hyeong Seop,Song, Jae Kyu,Cho, Yunae,Kim, Dong-Wook,Kim, Jihyun,Min, Byoung Koun American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.49

<P>Significant enhancement of solution-processed CuInxGa1-x(Se,S)(2) (CIGSSe) thin-film solar cell performance was achieved by inducing a band gap gradient in the film thickness, which was triggered by the chalcogenization process. Specifically, after the preparation of an amorphous mixed oxide film of Cu, In, and Ga by a simple paste coating method chalcogenization under Se vapor, along with the flow of dilute H2S gas, resulted in the formation of CIGSSe films with graded composition distribution: S-rich top, In- and Se-rich middle, and Ga- and S-rich bottom. This uneven compositional distribution was confirmed to lead to a band gap gradient in the film, which may also be responsible for enhancement in the open circuit voltage and reduction in photocurrent loss, thus increasing the overall efficiency. The highest power conversion efficiency of 11.7% was achieved with J(sc) of 28.3 mA/cm(2), V-oc of 601 mV, and FF of 68.6%.</P>

의당(毅堂) 박세화(朴世和)에게 있어서 ‘구인(求仁)’의 문학적 실천

安世鉉 ( Ahn Se-hyun ) 동방한문학회 2020 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.82

본고는 한말의 학자이자 순국열사인 毅堂 朴世和(1834~1910)의 求仁 사상을 분석하고, 산문을 중심으로 求仁의 문학적 실천 양상을 고찰한 것이다. 「仁問答」·「克己復禮爲仁說」 등의 분석을 통해 의당이 程朱와 마찬가지로 인을 우주 만물의 생명 원리로 이해하였으며 인을 행하는 중요한 방법으로 ‘사욕을 제거함[去私]’을 제시한 점을 확인하였다. 다만 의당은 求仁을 위해서는 무엇보다 ‘剛明’한 자질이 필요하다는 것을 강조하였는데, 이 점이 求仁에 관한 의당 사상의 특징이었다. 의당의 산문 창작은 求仁의 실천과 强忍한 자질의 함양에 있었는데, 크게 두 가지 양상을 보였다. 하나는 自警의 글을 지어서 서세동점의 난세에 의당 스스로가 仁人과 志士로서의 삶을 살아가고자 하는 강인한 의지를 함양하는 것이며 다른 하나는 지인과 제자들에게 送序나 記文을 지어주며 강인한 정신을 바탕으로 求仁去私의 실천을 권면한 것이다. 이러한 강인함이 의당으로 하여금 殺身成仁과 捨生取義의 결행을 가능하게 하였던 것이다. This paper is a review of the ideas and literature of Uidang(毅堂) Park Se-hwa(朴世和), who is a patriotic martyr to the Korean Empire. First I analyzed Park Se-hwa's views on how to realize Ren(仁). He suggested the removing private desire as a way of realizing Ren, and that stressed the need for firmness mind to do this. The uniqueness of his ideas lies in his emphasis on the importance of firmness mind in the practice of Ren. Next I looked at the two aspects of his realizing Ren through prose creation. Uidang developed a strong will to live as a man of heroic and noble mind by creating prose that was wary of him. He also exhorted friends and students to realize Ren based on a strong spirit in his writings given to them. In short, for him, the creation of prose was a way to realize Ren and foster a firmness mind.