Genomic analysis of the smallest giant virus - Feldmannia sp. virus 158

Schroeder, D.C.,Park, Y.,Yoon, H.M.,Lee, Y.S.,Kang, S.W.,Meints, R.H.,Ivey, R.G.,Choi, T.J. Academic Press 2009 Virology Vol.384 No.1

Genomic analysis of Feldmannia sp. virus 158, the second phaeovirus to be sequenced in its entirety, provides further evidence that large double-stranded DNA viruses share similar evolutionary pressures as cellular organisms. Reductive evolution is clearly evident within the phaeoviruses which occurred via several routes: the loss of genes from an ancestral virus core genome most likely through genetic drift; and as a result of relatively large recombination events that caused wholesale loss of genes. The entire genome is 154,641 bp in length and has 150 predicted coding sequences of which 87% have amino acid sequence similarities to other algal virus coding sequences within the family Phycodnaviridae. Significant similarities were found, for thirty eight coding sequences (25%), to genes in gene databanks that are known to be involved in processes that include DNA replication, DNA methylation, signal transduction, viral integration and transposition, and protein-protein interactions. Unsurprisingly, the greatest similarity was observed between the two known viruses that infect Feldmannia, indicating the taxonomic linkage of these two viruses with their hosts. Moreover, comparative analysis of phycodnaviral genomic sequences revealed the smallest set of core genes (10 out of a possible 31) required to make a functional nucleocytoplasmic large dsDNA virus.

Effect of Total Mixed Ration Particle Size on Rumen pH, Chewing Activity and Performance in Dairy Cows

Schroeder, M.M.,Soita, H.W.,Christensen, D.A.,Khorasani, G.R.,Kennelly, J.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.12

Two experiments were conducted to determine effects of particle size in total mixed ration (TMR) on performance of lactating cows. Three rumen cannulated Holstein cows were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design for the metabolic experiment. The particle size of the diets was determined using the Penn State Particle Size Separator (PSPSS) and weighing the proportion of sample remaining on the top screen (19 mm diameter). The 3 treatments were short, medium or long diets (4.9, 24.2 and 27.8% of sample remaining on the top screen of the PSPSS, respectively). Nine farms in the Edmonton area were surveyed and the farms were placed into groups based on the particle size of the ration fed. The groups were short ${\leq}6%$, medium 7-12% and long ${\geq}13%$ of sample weight remaining on the top screen of the PSPSS. Dry matter intake was greater (p=0.07) for the medium diet than the long diet in the metabolic study and resulted in a higher (p=0.07) efficiency of milk production. On the commercial farms, a significantly (p=0.002) lower milk fat percentage was observed for the long diet compared to the short diet. The results of these studies confirm that forage particle size influences milk composition and milk fat was negatively correlated to TMR particle size.

The Two Legal Levels of East-West Trade

Schroeder,Friedrich-Christian 연세대학교 동서문제연구소 1986 東西硏究 JOURNAL OF EAST AND WEST STUDIES Vol.15 No.1

Observed tropical cyclone wind flow characteristics

Schroeder, John L.,Edwards, Becca P.,Giammanco, Ian M. Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.4

Since 1998, several institutions have deployed mobile instrumented towers to collect research-grade meteorological data from landfalling tropical cyclones. This study examines the wind flow characteristics from seven landfalling tropical cyclones using data collected from eight individual mobile tower deployments which occurred from 1998-2005. Gust factor, turbulence intensity, and integral scale statistics are inspected relative to changing surface roughness, mean wind speed and storm-relative position. Radar data, acquired from the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar - 1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network, are examined to explore potential relationships with respect to radar reflectivity and precipitation structure (convective versus stratiform). The results indicate tropical cyclone wind flow characteristics are strongly influenced by the surrounding surface roughness (i.e., exposure) at each observation site, but some secondary storm dependencies are also documented.

Leucine-rich repeat-containing synaptic adhesion molecules as organizers of synaptic specificity and diversity

Anna Schroeder,Joris de Wit 생화학분자생물학회 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.-

The brain harbors billions of neurons that form distinct neural circuits with exquisite specificity. Specific patterns of connectivity between distinct neuronal cell types permit the transfer and computation of information. The molecular correlates that give rise to synaptic specificity are incompletely understood. Recent studies indicate that cell-surface molecules are important determinants of cell type identity and suggest that these are essential players in the specification of synaptic connectivity. Leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing adhesion molecules in particular have emerged as key organizers of excitatory and inhibitory synapses. Here, we discuss emerging evidence that LRR proteins regulate the assembly of specific connectivity patterns across neural circuits, and contribute to the diverse structural and functional properties of synapses, two key features that are critical for the proper formation and function of neural circuits.

ICN과 會員資格에 대한 敎育的 規準 : ICN 의 회원자격으로 종합적 간호교육이 필요한가?

Yvonne, Schroeder Jayanawadena,이송희 대한간호협회 1966 대한간호 Vol.5 No.-

Mesenchymal stromal cells in myeloid malignancies

Thomas Schroeder,Stefanie Geyh,Ulrich Germing,Rainer Haas 대한혈액학회 2016 Blood Research Vol.51 No.4

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal myeloid disorders characterized by hematopoietic insufficiency. As MDS and AML are considered to originate from genetic and molecular defects of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC), the main focus of research in this field has focused on the characterization of these cells. Recently, the contribution of BM microenvironment to the pathogenesis of myeloid malignancies, in particular MDS and AML has gained more interest. This is based on a better understanding of its physiological role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Additionally, it was demonstrated as a ‘proof of principle’ that genetic dis-ruption of cells of the mesenchymal or osteoblastic lineage can induce MDS, MPS or AML in mice. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the contribution of the BM microenvironment, in particular mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) to the patho-genesis of AML and MDS. Furthermore, potential models integrating the BM micro-environment into the pathophysiology of these myeloid disorders are discussed. Finally, strategies to therapeutically exploit this knowledge and to interfere with the crosstalk be-tween clonal hematopoietic cells and altered stem cell niches are introduced.

Effectiveness of Acupuncture Therapy on Stress in a Large Urban College Population

Stefanie Schroeder,James Burnis,Antony Denton,Aaron Krasnow,T.S. Raghu,Kimberly Mathis 사단법인약침학회 2017 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.10 No.3

This study is a randomized controlled clinical trial to study the effectiveness of acupuncture on the perception of stress in patients who study or work on a large, urban college campus. The hypothesis was that verum acupuncture would demonstrate a significant positive impact on perceived stress as compared to sham acupuncture. This study included 111 participants with high self-reported stress levels who either studied or worked at a large, urban public university in the southwestern United States. However, only 62 participants completed the study. The participants were randomized into a verum acupuncture or sham acupuncture group. Both the groups received treatment once a week for 12 weeks. The Cohen’s global measure of perceived stress scale (PSS-14) was completed by each participant prior to treatment, at 6 weeks, at 12 weeks, and 6 weeks and 12 weeks post-treatment completion. While participants of both the groups showed a substantial initial decrease in perceived stress scores, at 12 weeks post treatment, the verum acupuncture group showed a significantly greater treatment effect than the sham acupuncture group. This study indicates that acupuncture may be successful in decreasing the perception of stress in students and staff at a large urban university, and this effect persists for at least 3 months after the completion of treatment.

Effect of Steroid-Soaked Gelatin Sponge on Soft Tissue Swelling Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Radiographic Analysis

Joshua Schroeder,Joseph Weinstein,Stephan Nikolaus Salzmann,Janina Kueper,Jennifer Shue,Andrew Anthony Sama,Federico Pablo Girardi 대한척추외과학회 2018 Asian Spine Journal Vol.12 No.4

Study Design: Retrospective radiological review and analysis of 79 patients who underwent primary anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) of 2 or 3 levels between 2011 and 2013. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of the local placement of a steroid-soaked gelatin sponge after ACDF on prevertebral soft tissue swelling. Overview of Literature: Although ACDF has become a popular choice for cervical fusion, the surgical involvement of the delicate anatomy of the neck frequently results in tissue irritation and edema. Swelling of the prevertebral soft tissue may consequently lead to mild-to-severe complications, ranging from dysphonia to dyspnea. Methods: Out of the 79 patients who underwent primary ACDF, 52 received a gelatin sponge soaked with 40 mg of Depo-Medrol placed adjacent to the operated cervical levels. Prevertebral soft tissue swelling was detected using postoperative lateral X-ray. The radiographic values were compared to those of 27 patients who did not receive the treatment. Results: Soft tissue swelling was markedly decreased in patients who received the placement of the steroid-soaked gelatin sponge next to their fused levels after surgery compared with that in patients who did not receive it. No complications were documented with the use of steroids. Conclusions: The placement of a steroid-soaked gelatin sponge markedly reduces postoperative soft tissue swelling following 2- or 3-level primary ACDF.

ICN과 회원자격에 대한 교육적규준 -ICN의 회원자격으로 종합적 간호교육이 필요한가?-

Jayawadena Yvonne Schroeder 대한간호협회 1963 대한간호 Vol.5 No.-

요약하건데 ICN은 종합적 기초간호교육의 근본원리를 인정하고 이 목적을 달성하기 위하여 회원국들을 도와주어야 한다. ICN의 교육부 간부가 고문과 working party의 도움으로 현재 만든 ''기초 간호교육에 대한 국제적 질의''는 국제적인 견해를 근거로 하여 가치있는 결론과 건의를 가져와야 한다. 이것은 전체의 결말이 회원국을 적극적으로 후원하는 결과를 초래하여야 한다. ICN의 Grand Council은 이외로 표명된 의견을 주의 깊게 귀를 기울이고 종합적 기초간호교육을 강요해서는 안 된다. 최후로 Grand Council.은 일반 간호원이 아닌 소아과 간호원 등과 같은 특수분야 하나만을 훈련받은 간호원들의 지위를 재 고려하여야 할 것이다. 자기 나라에서 ''전문 간호원''으로 간주된다면 그 간호원들을 전문부(specialized section)에 ICN회원으로 받아 들일 수 있다는 것이 내 의견이다. 이것은 궁극적으로 ICN을 보다 강화할 것이며 경쟁적인 단체의 형성을 방지할 것이다.