http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
An Examination of Anthocyanins' and Anthocyanidins' Affinity for Cannabinoid Receptors
Gabriele Korte,Andrea Dreiseitel,Peter Schreier,Anett Oehme,Sanja Locher,Goeran Hajak,Philipp G. Sand 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.6
A growing body of evidence suggests that anthocyanins and anthocyanidins may possess analgesic properties in addition to neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. These functionalities suggest a role for the cannabinoid receptor (CB) in mediating biological effects. Competitive radioligand binding assays identified cyanidin (Ki=16.2μM) and delphinidin (Ki=21.3μM) as ligands with moderate affinity to human CB1. For CB2, similar affinities were achieved by cyanidin (Ki=33.5μM), delphinidin (Ki=34.3μM), and peonidin (Ki=46.4μM). Inhibition constants >50μM were obtained for pelargonidin, malvidin, cyanidin-3,5-di-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside for both CB subtypes.
Water photolysis at 12.3% efficiency via perovskite photovoltaics and Earth-abundant catalysts
Luo, Jingshan,Im, Jeong-Hyeok,Mayer, Matthew T.,Schreier, Marcel,Nazeeruddin, Mohammad Khaja,Park, Nam-Gyu,Tilley, S. David,Fan, Hong Jin,Grä,tzel, Michael American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2014 Science Vol.345 No.6204
<P><B>The power of a pair of perovskites</B></P><P>In the past several years, perovskite solar cells have emerged as a low-cost experimental alternative to more traditional silicon devices. Luo <I>et al.</I> now show that a pair of perovskite cells connected in series can power the electrochemical breakdown of water into hydrogen and oxygen efficiently (see the Perspective by Hamann). Hydrogen generation from water is being actively studied as a supplement in solar power generation to smooth out the fluctuations due to variations in sunlight.</P><P><I>Science</I>, this issue p. 1593; see also p. 1566</P><P>Although sunlight-driven water splitting is a promising route to sustainable hydrogen fuel production, widespread implementation is hampered by the expense of the necessary photovoltaic and photoelectrochemical apparatus. Here, we describe a highly efficient and low-cost water-splitting cell combining a state-of-the-art solution-processed perovskite tandem solar cell and a bifunctional Earth-abundant catalyst. The catalyst electrode, a NiFe layered double hydroxide, exhibits high activity toward both the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline electrolyte. The combination of the two yields a water-splitting photocurrent density of around 10 milliamperes per square centimeter, corresponding to a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 12.3%. Currently, the perovskite instability limits the cell lifetime.</P>
Hye Young Seo,Sung Lye Shim,Keun Young Ryu,Min Seok Jung,In Min Hwang,Dong Bin Shin,Joong Ho Kwon,Peter Schreier,Kyong Su Kim 한국식품과학회 2009 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.18 No.1
The volatile compounds of dried sancho (Zanthoxylum schinifolium), an aromatic plant were extracted by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE) method and identified by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Selected chiral constituents of sancho oil were characterized by enantiodifferentiation using multidimensional gas chromatograph (MDGC)-MS. A total of 57 compounds were identified and quantified, and the major compounds were identified estragole, nonanoic acid, octanoic acid, β-phellandrenene, and limonene. Among them, estragol (63.9%) was found as the predominantly abundant component of sancho. α-Pinene and nerolidol, and β-pinene and linalool were determined to be enantiomerically pure (100%) for their (S)-form and (R)-form, respectively. The enantiomeric composition of limonene in sancho revealed 83.9% purity for the (S)-enantiomer, whereas (E)- and (Z)-rose oxides showed mixtures of both enantiomers. The enantiomeric excess (%) for citronellal was 22.6% with the (R)-enantiomer as major enantiomer. The enantiomeric composition of these compounds can be used as parameter for authenticity control of sancho.