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Assessment of Myocardial Collateral Blood Flow with Contrast Echocardiography
Sanjiv Kaul 대한심장학회 2015 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.45 No.5
Humans have pre-formed collateral vessels that enlarge with ischemia. In addition, new vessels can be formed within ischemic zones from pre-formed endocardial arcades of vessels providing rich collateral flow. Collateral flow under resting conditions (if >25% of normal) is enough to maintain myocardial viability, but may be insufficient to prevent myocardial ischemia under stress. Coronary angiography is a poor tool for collateral flow assessment. Myocardial contrast echocardiography is arguably the gold standard for experimental and clinical measurement of collateral flow. This review describes several experimental and clinical studies that highlight the importance of the collateral circulation in coronary artery disease.
Economic Impact of Dyspepsia in Rural and Urban Malaysia: A Population-Based Study
( Sanjiv Mahadeva ),( Hematram Yadav ),( Simon M Everett ),( Khean Lee Goh ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 (구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.1
Background/Aims The economic impact of dyspepsia in regions with a diverse healthcare system remains uncertain. This study aimed to estimate the costs of dyspepsia in a rural and urban population in Malaysia. Methods Economic evaluation was performed based on the cost-of-illness method. Resource utilization and quality of life data over a specific time frame, were collected to determine direct, indirect and intangible costs related to dyspepsia. Results The prevalences of dyspepsia in the rural (n = 2,000) and urban (n = 2,039) populations were 14.6% and 24.3% respectively. Differences in socioeconomic status and healthcare utilisation between both populations were considerable. The cost of dyspepsia per 1,000 population per year was estimated at USD14,816.10 and USD59,282.20 in the rural and urban populations respectively. The cost per quality adjusted life year for dyspepsia in rural and urban adults was USD16.30 and USD69.75, respectively. Conclusions The economic impact of dyspepsia is greater in an urban compared to a rural setting. Differences in socioeconomic status and healthcare utilisation between populations are thought to contribute to this difference. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;18:43-57)
Polishing Diamonds in the Rough : The Sources of Syndicated Venture Performance
Sanjiv R. Das,Hoje Jo,Yongtae Kim 한국재무학회 2007 한국재무학회 학술대회 Vol.2007 No.04
Using all financing rounds for new ventures from 1980-2003, we develop a detailed empirical model to explain which portfolio companies obtain Venture Capital (VC) syndication. We then assess how syndication impacts portfolio companies’ returns, their chances of successful exit, and the time taken to exit. Applying apposite econometrics for endogeneity across these different performance measures, we are able to ascribe much of the better return to selection, with the value-add role significantly impacting the likelihood and time of exit. Though the extant literature on VC syndication treats the “selection” and “value-add” hypotheses as mutually exclusive, we find that their roles are in fact complementary. To this end we propose a new “effort-sharing” model of venture syndication.
Localization patterns of LYVE1 and CD31 in mice tongue development
Sanjiv Neupane,조재민,이성원,손혁문,배용현,김성현,손원주,이영균,정재광,김재영 대한구강해부학회 2016 대한구강해부학회지 Vol.37 No.1
Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE1) is a cell surface receptor on lymphatic endothelial cells which is the earliest known marker of lymphatic endothelial commitment. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a well-known marker for blood vessel formation. In this study, we examined the localization patterns of LYVE1 and CD31 in the developing tongue at E14, E16, E17 and PN0, PN5, PN10, PN15 and PN20 to understand the detailed developmental processes of lymphangiogenesis along with vasculogenesis by immunostaining examinations. Our observations revealed that there were specific patterns of proteins localizations through developmental stages. At E14, LYVE1 was localized mainly in the ventral region along the median fibrous septum and laterally in between the genioglossus and hyoglossus muscle forming regions. The localization of CD31 was more ubiquitous in the developing tongue at E14. The localization patterns of LYVE1 and CD31 showed more specified in the dorsal and ventral region at E16. In addition, branching formation of the lymphatic and blood vessels were more evident. At E17, more distinct localization patterns of LYVE1 and CD31 were observed in the intrinsic tongue muscles forming region. At later stages, the LYVE-1 and CD31 were mostly localized in the interface between the muscle fibers. Our results suggest that there would be relationships between lymphangiogenesis and vasculogenesis in developing mouse tongue. These normal developmental processes in lymphangiogenesis and vasculogenesis would be an excellent foundation for further studies in pathological conditions and tongue development malformations.
Understanding the purchase behaviour of small car users using means and end chain theory
Sanjiv Mittal,Sushma Muralie 한국마케팅과학회 2012 마케팅과학연구 Vol.22 No.4
Small cars represent a fast growing segment of the passenger vehicle market in developing countries such as India. Yet very little information is available on the purchase behaviour of customers in this segment. This qualitative research uses the means and end chain theory and corresponding laddering interviewing technique to establish links between the attributes, the consequences derived from these attributes and personal values in consumer purchases of small cars. This complex set of links,which represents cognitive structures, provides meaningful inputs on purchase behaviour. The 14 personal values identified in this research guide small car purchasers’ choices. The results of this research can be used in promotion and marketing positioning for small cars.