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어머니의 몸과 모성으로 『내가 죽어 누워 있을 때』 읽기
옥상학 ( Ok¸ Sang-hak ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.1
The purpose of this paper is to read As I Lay Daying through Kristeva’s maternity. Julia Kristeva’s theory of maternity is divided into three parts.: 1. Discourse of the language of poetry 2. Discourse of motherhood 3. Discourse of psychoanalysis. She uses two different aspects of language terms: the symbolic and the semiotic. The symbolic is associated with authority, fathers and order, which is similar to Lacan’s symbolic phase. The semiotic is not logic, logos, authority but affect, motility, which is associated with Lacan’s imaginary phase. She criticizes that Freud and Lacan’s psychoanalytic theories are based on the masculine norms and ignores the maternal area which is important for child to achieve it’s own identity. Addie, the phallic mother of As I Lay Daying, has explored her own identity through female sexuality and maternity. She makes every effort to be a Woman(Mother), which is definitely opposed against the conventional code of the patriarchal culture and the abstract words. In the process, Addie’s children have replaced Addie’s body with natural animals like horse(Jewel), fish(Vardaman), cow(Dewey Dell), or material like coffin(Cash). This expanded interrelation of her children with nature, animals, things signifies ‘the thetic phase’ through which ‘the subject in the process’ goes to achieve it’s identity in the symbolic.
Sanghak Kim 한국기독교교육정보학회 2020 Journal of Christian education information tech Vol.0 No.38
The ancient baptismal catechumenate, as practiced in the second and third centuries, offers substantial resources for faith formation in the Korean Presbyterian Church of today. Korean Presbyterian churches have tended to emphasize numerical growth over the faith-formation of their members. Even so, the Korean Church has been experiencing a gradual decrease in its membership in recent decades and has been struggling with a sense of Christian identity in the face of traditional Korean religious world views and modern secularism. Furthermore, the Korean Church has begun to lose credibility with the wider society. For its part, the ancient church developed and practiced a baptismal catechumenate in response to the socio-cultural problems. In answer to the contemporary problem, this study explores what the Korean Presbyterian Church can learn from the ancient baptismal catechumenate which focused on initiating the new disciple into a lifelong commitment not only in the church, but also in society.
Sanghak CHA,Hyun Gyu LIM,Seokmu KWON,Dong-hwan KIM,Chae Won KANG,Gyoo Yeol JUNG 한국생물공학회 2021 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2021 No.10
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a promising carbon source to produce value-added biochemicals via microbial fermentation. However, its bio-conversion has been challenging due to difficulties in genetic engineering of CO-utilizing microorganisms and, more importantly, maintaining CO consumption which is negatively affected by the toxicity of CO and accumulated byproducts. To overcome these issues, we devised mutualistic microbial consortia, consisting of Eubacterium limosum and genetically engineered Escherichia coli for the production of 3-hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) and itaconic acid (ITA). During the co-culture, E. limosum assimilated CO and produced acetate, a toxic by-product, while E. coli utilized acetate as a sole carbon source. We found that this mutualistic interaction dramatically stabilized and improved CO consumption of E. limosum compared to its monoculture. Consequently, the improved CO consumption allowed successful production of 3-HP and ITA from CO. This study is the first demonstration of value-added biochemical production from CO using a microbial consortium. Moreover, it suggests that synthetic mutualistic microbial consortium can serve as a powerful platform for the valorization of CO.
Sanghak Yeo,박헌용,Jaeyoung Yang,부진효,정동근,Changrok Choi 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.3
Nonspecific adsorption to the surface of slides decreases the sensitivity for chip-based biological assays. To solve this problem, we constructed novel patterned slides of plasma polymerized ethylenediamine (PPEDA) with protein-binding amine functional groups and a hydrophilic surface and of plasma polymerized cyclohexane (PPCHex) with a hydrophobic surface and a reduced nonspecific protein adsorption. PPEDA and PPCHex were deposited by using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) with ethylenediamine (EDA) and cyclohexane (CHex) as precursors. PPEDA was deposited in a patterned manner on a PPCHex slide by using plasma polymerization with a patterned mask. Comparing the sample of the PPEDA/PPCHex pattern with the sample of PPEDA only, i.e., the sample with only PPEDA spots formed on bare glass slides, the average signal to noise ratio, defined as the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the PPEDA-deposited circular spots to the fluorescence intensity of the surrounding areas, was higher for the sample with the PPEDA/PPCHex pattern, indicating that the nonspecific adsorption was reduced at the surface of PPCHex. It is thought that on the surface of PPCHex films, the reduction in the protein adsorption was more influenced by the chemical groups of the films, such as -OH groups, rather than by the physical properties of the surfaces, such as the roughness.s Nonspecific adsorption to the surface of slides decreases the sensitivity for chip-based biological assays. To solve this problem, we constructed novel patterned slides of plasma polymerized ethylenediamine (PPEDA) with protein-binding amine functional groups and a hydrophilic surface and of plasma polymerized cyclohexane (PPCHex) with a hydrophobic surface and a reduced nonspecific protein adsorption. PPEDA and PPCHex were deposited by using inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD) with ethylenediamine (EDA) and cyclohexane (CHex) as precursors. PPEDA was deposited in a patterned manner on a PPCHex slide by using plasma polymerization with a patterned mask. Comparing the sample of the PPEDA/PPCHex pattern with the sample of PPEDA only, i.e., the sample with only PPEDA spots formed on bare glass slides, the average signal to noise ratio, defined as the ratio of the fluorescence intensity of the PPEDA-deposited circular spots to the fluorescence intensity of the surrounding areas, was higher for the sample with the PPEDA/PPCHex pattern, indicating that the nonspecific adsorption was reduced at the surface of PPCHex. It is thought that on the surface of PPCHex films, the reduction in the protein adsorption was more influenced by the chemical groups of the films, such as -OH groups, rather than by the physical properties of the surfaces, such as the roughness.s
Sanghak Yeo,Taeheon Kwon,Changrok Choi,박헌용,현준원,정동근 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.2
For protein chip construction, the chemical properties for the surface of glass slides have to be elaborately modified for protein immobilization. To immobilize proteins, plasma polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (PPHMDSO) thin film was deposited onto the surface of glass slide. Previously, it was reported that proteins were immobilized onto PPHMDSO thin film [H. Miyachi, A. Hiratsuka, K. Ikebukuro, K. Yano, H. Muguruma, I. Karube, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 69 (3) (2000) 323–329]. Here, we modified PPHMDSO-coated glass slide by an additional oxygen plasma treatment with placing the patterned mask on the HMDSO-coated glass slide. Hydrophilic surfaces were detected by measuring the contact angle of water. Of great interest, proteins were strictly immobilized on the patterned O2 plasma treated areas, providing more efficient ways for fabricating the protein chips. For protein chip construction, the chemical properties for the surface of glass slides have to be elaborately modified for protein immobilization. To immobilize proteins, plasma polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane (PPHMDSO) thin film was deposited onto the surface of glass slide. Previously, it was reported that proteins were immobilized onto PPHMDSO thin film [H. Miyachi, A. Hiratsuka, K. Ikebukuro, K. Yano, H. Muguruma, I. Karube, Biotechnol. Bioeng. 69 (3) (2000) 323–329]. Here, we modified PPHMDSO-coated glass slide by an additional oxygen plasma treatment with placing the patterned mask on the HMDSO-coated glass slide. Hydrophilic surfaces were detected by measuring the contact angle of water. Of great interest, proteins were strictly immobilized on the patterned O2 plasma treated areas, providing more efficient ways for fabricating the protein chips.