Limiting the spillover of zoonotic pathogens from traditional food markets in developing countries and a new market design for risk-proofing

Sandeep Ghatak(Sandeep Ghatak ),Kandhan Srinivas(Kandhan Srinivas ),Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton(Arockiasamy Arun Prince Milton ),Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya(Govindarajan Bhuvana Priya ),Samir Das(Sa 한국역학회 2023 Epidemiology and Health Vol.45 No.-

Traditional food markets are age-old systems that primarily serve the food supply needs of society’s less affluent sectors, often operating with minimal infrastructure. These markets are prevalent in low and middle-income countries. However, their hygienic conditions are frequently suboptimal, potentially fostering the emergence and spread of presumptive zoonotic diseases. The recent emergence of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic diseases and their possible links to traditional food markets underscore the need for focused attention on this overlooked issue. The socioeconomic characteristics of traditional food markets reveal that despite the risk of zoonotic pathogen spread, these markets play a crucial role for large segments of the population. These individuals rely on such markets for their livelihood, food, and nutrition. Therefore, a comprehensive set of measures addressing various aspects of traditional food markets is necessary to manage and mitigate the risks of potential zoonotic disease emergence. In this article, we explore various facets of traditional food markets, paying special attention to the risks of zoonotic diseases that urgently require stakeholder attention. We also propose a new market design to prevent the risk of zoonotic spillover and advocate for the development of a Market Hygiene Index for these markets.

A determination of occlusal plane comparing different levels of the tragus to form ala-tragal line or Camper’s line : a photographic study

Sandeep Kumar,Sandeep Garg,Seema Gupta 대한치과보철학회 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.1

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to determine accurately the part of the tragus to be used to form the Ala-Tragal line or Camper’ line in orthognathic profile patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 150 dentate subjects with age of 18-40 years with orthognathic profile were sampled. Life-size lateral digital photographs of the face with fox plane were taken in natural head position. Different angles between Eye-Ear plane and occlusal plane (OT1-OP), Eye-Ear plane and ala-superior border of tragus (OT1-AT1), Eye-Ear plane and ala-middle border of tragus (OT1-AT2) and Eye-Ear plane and ala-inferior border of tragus (OT1-AT3) were calculated using computer software package, AutoCAD 2004. From the three angles formed by the Eye-ear plane (OT1 or FH plane) and the ala-tragal lines, the one closest to the angle formed between Eye-Ear plane (OT1) and occlusal plane (OP) was used to determine the occlusal plane of orientation. The obtained results were subjected to ANOVA F test, Tukey’ Honestly significant difference test, followed by Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation test. P values of less than 0.05 were taken as statistically significant. RESULTS. The mean of base line angle i.e. OT1-OP angle (11.96 ± 4.36) was found to be close to OT1-AT2 angle (13.67 ± 1.93) and OT1-AT3 angle (10.31 ± 2.03), but OT1-OP angle was found to be more closer to OT1-AT3 angle. Comparison of mean angles showed that OT1-OP angle in both males (11.68) and females (12.51) is close to OT1-AT3 angle (males- 11.01, females- 11.95). CONCLUSION. The line joining from ala to the lower border of the tragus was parallel to the occlusal plane in 53.3% of the subjects. There was no influence of the sex on the level of occlusal plane.

Recent advances and remaining challenges for polymeric nanocomposites in healthcare applications

Kumar, Sandeep,Sarita, Sandeep,Nehra, Monika,Dilbaghi, Neeraj,Tankeshwar, K.,Kim, Ki-Hyun Elsevier 2018 Progress in polymer science Vol.80 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Remarkable advancements in material technologies have accelerated the use of many new materials and their hybrids and composites in diverse applications. Among such available options, polymer nanocomposites are recognized to have the potential to bring future revolution, especially because of their flexible functionalities and related advantages (e.g., good strength, large surface area to volume ratio, large flame retardancy, high elastic modulus, enhanced density, and thermo-mechanical/optoelectronic/magnetic properties). These nanocomposites have been successfully incorporated into diverse fields of applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, gene therapy, food preservation, biosensing, and bioimaging. Thus, the primary focus of this review is placed to give an integrated overview of polymer nanocomposites along with their synthesis routes, surface treatment strategies, and applications in the healthcare sector (e.g., drug delivery, 3D bio-implant, bioimaging, food processing, and other miscellaneous biomedical applications). Our discussion also highlights future directions for this emerging field of research.</P>

Determination of strut efficiency factor for concrete deep beams with and without fibre

Sandeep, M.S.,Nagarajan, Praveen,Shashikala, A.P.,Habeeb, Shehin A. Techno-Press 2016 Advances in computational design Vol.1 No.3

Based on the variation of strain along the cross section, any region in a structural member can be classified into two regions namely, Bernoulli's region (B-region) and Disturbed region (D-region). Since the variation of strain along the cross section for a B-region is linear, well-developed theories are available for their analysis and design. On the other hand, the design of D-region is carried out based on thumb rules and past experience due to the presence of nonlinear strain distribution. Strut-and-Tie method is a novel approach that can be used for the analysis and design of both B-region as well as D-region with equal importance. The strut efficiency factor (${\beta}_s$) is needed for the design and analysis of concrete members using Strut and Tie method. In this paper, equations for finding ${\beta}_s$ for bottle shaped struts in concrete deep beams (a D-region) with and without steel fibres are developed. The effects of transverse reinforcement on ${\beta}_s$ are also considered. Numerical studies using commercially available finite element software along with limited amount of experimental studies were used to find ${\beta}_s$.

The Majority of Corona Mortis Are Small Calibre Venous Blood Vessels: A Cadaveric Study of North Indians

Sandeep Kashyap,Yogesh Diwan,Shweta Mahajan,Deepa Diwan,Mukand Lal,Randhir Chauhan 대한고관절학회 2019 Hip and Pelvis Vol.31 No.1

Purpose: Corona mortis is an abnormal arterial or venous anastomosis between the external iliac and the obturator system of vessels and may cause significant hemorrhage during pelvi-acetabular fracture surgeries, hernia repair and laparoscopic gynecological procedures. Previous studies have estimated a prevalence of corona mortis between 34% and 70%. This cadaveric study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of corona mortis in the North Indian population. Materials and Methods: Twelve cadavers (24 hemipelvises; 11 males and 1 female) with a mean age of 68 (range, 54-82) years were included in this study. Results: Corona mortis was observed in 14 hemipelvises (58.3%). A total of 19 (79.2%) vascular anastomoses of diameter greater than 1 mm were observed; 5 hemipelvises (20.8%) had corona mortis on the right side, 9 hemipelvises (37.5%) on the left side and bilateral in 5 (41.7%) cases. Two hemipelvises (8.3%) had an arterial connection. An aberrant obturator artery was observed in 1 (4.2%) hemipelvis. A venous connection was found in 14 specimens (58.3% of hemipelvises). The average distance of the connecting vein from the symphysis pubis was 41 (35-70) mm. A vessel diameter of greater than 4 mm was observed in 4/24 (16.7%) of hemipelvises. Conclusion: The frequency of venous corona mortis was higher than arterial corona mortis and the majority (83.3%) were small calibre (<4 mm). The presentation pattern and the number of arterial or venous anastomoses were different in the majority of hemipelvises and dissimilar in both hemipelvises of the same cadaver in the majority of cases.

Design and Simulation of Multiband Microstrip Antenna Fed by SMA Coaxial Probe Technique for Wireless Communication

Sandeep Thakur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.8

In this paper we proposed a multi band antenna in which fed is provided by SMA Coaxial Probe. This antenna is contain circular patch and Microstrip line. Using Microstrip line and providing different feed the antenna provide different frequency band. These are 1.2-1.4GHz, 1.6-1.7GHz and 2.1 to 10.7GHz. In this paper we design and simulated antenna use for different application. Here we use FR4 substrate for the design of antenna. The simulation of our proposed design is done with the help of full wave electromagnetic software which is based on FIT.

A Complete Mathematical Modeling and Simulation for Deflection, Capacitance and Sensitivity of Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on Micro-Electro Mechanical System

Sandeep Thakur,Abishek Naithani 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.11

In this paper we focused on mathematical formulation for capacitive pressure sensor. The most important parameter of every sensor are deflection on the application of applied pressure, variation of capacitance on deflection and sensitivity. Here we mathematically drive equation for every parameter. This article help researcher to develop MEMS based capacitive pressure sensor for particular application. For that purpose we also vary the thickness of sensing diaphragm. Our study in this article is mainly consider only case of pressure sensor in normal mode. Mostly researcher use FEM method for design and simulation of capacitive pressure sensor but using these equation they can easily design any sensor by changing the parameter of equation. The material for diaphragm is Si and for insulation layer is SiO₂ is taken in this article.

A Complete Monte Carlo and Sensitivity Analysis of Various Elements in Analog VLSI Circuits

Sandeep Thakur 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.9 No.11

This article describes complete Monte Carlo and sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis is done by various simulations which take very long time. So to save our time and to overcome complexity level of analysis. We formulate various equation in this article to observe sensitivity and MCA.We perform sensitivity analysis and Monte-Carlo Analysis (MCA) on band pass filer circuit in this paper and show how the value of any component parameter change the circuit behavior. All the equation and model for sensitivity analysis of analog VLSI circuit and simulation are done with the help of MATLAB tool.

A Study of Tree Based Data Aggregation Techniques for WSNs

Sandeep Kaur,R.C. Gangwar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.1

Wireless sensor network consists of a huge quantity of less-price sensor nodes. These nodes has restricted power of battery, and the replacement of battery is not a simple task in wireless sensor networks because there are a huge quantity of nodes. Data Aggregation is a significant method to attain power efficiency in wireless sensor network. Data aggregation at the sink by all the nodes results in flooding of the data which causes greatest energy utilization. Though a lot of protocols are planned so far to get better the energy efficiency further but still a lot improvement can be made. In this paper, various data aggregation techniques have been discussed. The overall purpose of this survey is to explain data aggregation techniques and to find limitations of General Self-Organized Tree-Based Energy-Balance Routing Protocol (GSTEB).

Self Nano-emulsifying Drug Delivery System: An Efficient Carrier in Nanomedicine

Sandeep Kumar SINGH,Se-Kwon KIM 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.4