Investigation of the incident light intensity effect on the internal electric fields of GaAs single junction solar cell using bright electroreflectance spectroscopy

Sanam SaeidNahaie,Samad Roshan Entezar,Hamid Naghshara,Hyun Jun Jo,Jong Su Kim,김영호,이상준 한국물리학회 2020 Current Applied Physics Vol.20 No.1

The incident light intensity (Iex) effects on a GaAs single junction solar cell (SC) was investigated using bright electroreflectance spectroscopy (BER) and current-voltage (J-V) measurements at room temperature. The p-n junction electric field (Fpn) of the SC was evaluated by analyzing the Franz Keyldesh oscillation (FKO) in the BER spectra. The Iex effect on Fpn was investigated at various incident light intensities from 0.03 to 25 suns. The Fpn decreased gradually with increasing Iex due to the photovoltaic effect. For the forward bias voltage, some part of the electrons and holes drifted to the p and n sides, respectively, and produced the induced electric field in the same direction of the Fpn. Therefore, the Fpn increased up to 2.5 suns. At more than 2.5 suns, most of the electrons and holes moved to the n and p sides and decreased the Fpn due to the photovoltaic effect. In addition, the Fpn was examined under light illumination as a function of different DC bias voltages (−0.2–0.4 V). The Fpn decreased with increasing bias voltage due to the decrease in potential barrier. The Fpn increased with increasing bias voltage due to the decrease in the photogenerated carrier-induced electric field for high Iex.

Gender Role in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comparison of Irritable Bowel Syndrome Module (ROME 3) Between Male and Female Patients

( Sanam Javid Anbardan ),( Nasser Ebrahimi Daryani ),( Seyed Mohammad Fereshtehnejad ),( Sahar Taba Taba Vakili ),( Mohammad ),( Reza Keramati ),( Hossein Ajdarkosh ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 (구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.1

Background/Aims Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a widespread chronic health condition which is significantly more prevalent in women. We conducted a gender difference analysis by comparing findings of men and women to determine whether any significant differences exist or not. Methods This single-center study was conducted in Tehran, Iran during 2009-2010. IBS was diagnosed on the basis of Rome III criteria. A simple "10 point" objective questionnaire was used. Results A total number of 144 IBS patients including 44 (30.6%) males and 100 (69.4%) females with the mean age of 37.50 ± 11.50 years, were assessed. The only differently observed symptom was nausea which was significantly more prevalent in females (49% vs 18.2%, P < 0.001). The commonest subtype of IBS in male patients was diarrhea predominant IBS (38.6%); while, constipation predominant IBS was the most frequent type among females (38%). Moreover, the frequency of loose, mushy or watery stools within the last 3 months was significantly higher among males (2.11 ± 1.67 vs 1.37 ± 1.50, P = 0.009). Conclusions We report that gender is important in IBS. Although qualitative comparison of different subtypes of IBS between male and female failed to meet the statistically significant level, the answers to the corresponding questions of ROME III IBS module suggest the higher prevalence of bowel movements and looser stool in males. Moreover, nausea was reported more often by females. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;18:70-77)

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist Plus Aromatase Inhibitor in the Treatment of Uterine Leiomyoma in Near Menopause Patient: A Case Series Study

( Sanam Moradan ) 대한폐경학회 2018 대한폐경학회지 Vol.24 No.1

Objectives: There are many drugs for of symptomatic fibroids. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists are the well known drugs. Also, aromatase inhibitors are effective. All published studies surveyed the effect of one of these two drugs. In this study as the first study decided to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of GnRH agonists + aromatise inhibitor on the uterine fibroids. Methods: A cross-sectional prospective case series study was performed on 10 known cases of uterine fibroids late perimenopause, at least 3 myomas >5 cm, abnormal uterine bleeding and anemia due to fibroids, candidate for hysterectomy, no tendency to surgery. A single dose of Diphereline 11.25 mg, SR plus 2.5 mg of Letrozole daily for 4 weeks with add-back therapy + calcium carbonate were used. The second dose of Diphereline 11.25 mg, SR was used 3 months after the first injection. The patients were followed until 3 years. Results: The mean age of the study group was 49.90 ± 1.66. The mean fibroid size reduced from 15.05 ± 57.20 cm to 13.56 ± 39.39 cm (P = 0.012) and fibroid volume reduced from 72.78 ± 110.6 to 50.96 ± 64.2 (P = 0.116). There was no signification changes in the serum level of hormones at the end of six months. Eight cases were menopause at the end of the study and hypoestrogenism symptoms did not happened in none of the cases until the end of 24 months. Except in one case, there was no need to do surgery on others. Conclusions: Combination of Diphereline + Letrozole probably could prevent surgery in cases that have multiple fibroids, perimenopause, anemic and candidate for surgery. (J Menopausal Med 2018;24:62-66)

Comparison the Diagnostic Value of Dilatation and Curettage Versus Endometrial Biopsy by Pipelle - a Clinical Trial

Sanam, Moradan,Majid, Mir Mohammad Khani Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.12

Background: Several methods have been presented for the evaluation of the endometrium in patients with abnormal uterine bleeding, which include minimal invasive and invasive approaches such as diagnostic curettage or endometrial biopsy by Pipelle. Many studies have been performed in order to compare two methods; diagnostic curettage and outpatient endometrial biopsy. This investigation compared sampling adequacy, endometrial histopathology, failure rates, duration and costs between diagnostic curettage in a hospital and endometrial biopsy. Materials and Methods: This single blind clinical trial was performed on 130 patients older than 35 years who was referred to Amir training hospital in 2013 for elective diagnostic curettage because of abnormal uterine bleeding. For all patients eligible for the study, an endometrial sample by Pipelle was taken without anesthesia or dilatation. Then under general anesthesia diagnostic curettage was performed by sharp curette. Sampling duration was calculated and both samples were sent to the same pathologist. The diagnostic values of two methods in the diagnosis of normal endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma were compared. The costs of these two methods were also compared. Data analysis was performed by SPSS (version 16.0) software. Chi-Square, Fisher, and Pearson tests were used and were considered statistically significant at P values less than 0.05. Results: Two methods were agreed upon 88% of sampling adequacy and 94% of pathological results. Specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 90% for detection of proliferative endometrium, secretory endometrium, simple hyperplasia without atypia and 100% for cancer were recorded. Pipelle diagnostic accuracy in comparison with curettage, have been reported over 97%, so the failure rate in this study was below 5%. Sensitivity of Pipelle for detection of atrophic endometrium was reported below 50%. Duration and cost was lower in Pipelle versus curettage. Conclusions: It is concluded that due to high agreement and cohesion coefficient between curettage and Pipelle on the issue of sampling adequacy, histopathology finding (except atrophic endometrium), low failure rate, duration of sampling and cost, Pipelle can be introduced as a suitable alternative of diagnostic curettage.

Performance Evaluation of Indices-Based Query Optimization from Flash-Based Data Centric Sensor Devices in Wireless Sensor Networks

Rizvi, Sanam Shahla,Chung, Tae Sun SAGE Publications 2012 International journal of distributed sensor networ Vol.2012 No.-

Analysis of Electric Field and Thickness of Undoped-GaSb Single-Layer Samples using Photoreflectance Measurement

이상조,Sanam SaeidNahaie,김준오,이상준,김종수 한국진공학회 2019 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to grow undoped-GaSb epitaxial structure on a high concentration n+-GaSb substrate by molecular beam epitaxy and (2) to analyze the grown undoped-GaSb epitaxial structure through photoreflectance (PR) measurements. PR spectrum analysis of the undoped- GaSb epitaxial layer at room temperature shows three notable features. First, in the region above the fundamental band gap Eg, the Franz-Keldysh oscillation (FKO) makes the PR signals oscillate. Second, low electric field PR is observed near Eg. Third, low energetic interference oscillations (LEIOs) occur in the region below the bandgap. An electric field is formed on the surface of the undoped-GaSb layer (i.e., in the interface between the undoped-GaSb and air); by using the FKO component, the calculated magnitude is 70 kV/cm at a growth temperature of 485 °C. In addition, the analysis of the FKO and low electric field PR data indicate a fundamental band gap Eg of 0.723 eV. The thickness of the undoped- GaSb epi-layer, calculated using the LEIO PR spectrum, is 1040 nm.

Preparation of optimized Naproxen nano liposomes using response surface methodology

Saeed Ghanbarzadeh,Sanam Arami,Arash Khorrami 한국약제학회 2014 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.44 No.1

The aim of this study was to prepare and optimizea liposomal delivery system for Naproxen (NPX), apractically water insoluble drug. NPX liposomes, whichwere consisted of cholesterol (CH) and phosphatidylcholine(PC) in different molar ratios, were prepared by modifiedethanol injection method and optimized employingresponse surface methodology (RSM). Proportion ofPC:CH and total lipid:drug ratio were selected as theindependent variables while the particle size (PS), encapsulationefficiency percent (EE%) and drug release of theliposomes over 24 h (D24h) were considered as dependentvariables. The effects of PC:CH and total lipid:drug ratioswere studied and optimized to obtain the liposomal vesicleswith desired quality. Graphical response surface and contourplots were also employed to understand the interactionof different variables. The optimum points for the variableswere obtained from the optimization plot. The mean PS,EE% and D24h of NPX liposomes were about 178.11 nm,53.14 and 46.62 % respectively. The results indicated thatPC:CH and total lipids:drug ratios were the major contributingvariables for EE% and D24h. However, only PC:CHratio was the main contributing variable for PS. The optimumformulation of NPX liposomes, in which PC:CH ratioand lipids:drug ratio were 3.81 and 2.98 respectively, hadhigh EE% (58 %) and D24h ([50 %) as well as appropriatePS (\162.4 nm). Ethanol injection method besides RSM,are simple, rapid and beneficial approaches for liposomepreparation and optimization.

Association of amphiphilic block copolymers in dilute solution: With and without shear forces

Zahra Hosseini,Kiyumars Jalili,Sanam Rajabnia,Leila Behboodpour,Farhang Abbasi 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.72 No.-

The goal of this study is to investigate the self-assembly of block copolymers in aqueous solution and onlinedemonstration of the morphology transition of micelles under shearflow upon changing thetemperature via rheological measurements. To this end, a series of poly(ethylene glycol)-blockpolycaprolactonecopolymers with variable block ratios and degree of polymerization was synthesizedvia ring opening polymerization of e-caprolactone in the presence of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)macroinitiator (Mn2000 g/mol), and the ensuing nanoobject assemblies were scrutinized by smallangleneutron scattering. We take advantage of solution rheology control to understand the micellartransition route of amphiphlies.

Negotiation as a Collaborative Tool for Determining Permissions and Detection of Malicious Applications

Riaz, Rabia,Shahla, Sanam,Ahmad, Mubashar,Shokat, Sana,Jin, Se The Science and Information Organization 2018 International journal of advanced computer science Vol.9 No.10

In Whom Do Cancer Survivors Trust Online and Offline?

Shahrokni, Armin,Mahmoudzadeh, Sanam,Lu, Bryan Tran Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.15

Background: In order to design effective educational intervention for cancer survivors, it is necessary to identify most-trusted sources for health-related information and the amount of attention paid to each source. Objective: The objective of our study was to explore the sources of health information used by cancer survivors according to their access to the internet and levels of trust in and attention to those information sources. Materials and Methods: We analyzed sources of health information among cancer survivors using selected questions adapted from the 2012 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Results: Of 357 participants, 239 (67%) had internet access (online survivors) while 118 (33%) did not (offline survivors). Online survivors were younger (p<0.001), more educated (p<0.001), more non-Hispanic whites (p<0.001), had higher income (p<0.001), had more populated households (p<0.001) and better quality of life (p<0.001) compared to offline survivors. Prevalence of some disabilities was higher among offline survivors including serious difficulties with walking or climbing stairs (p<0.001), being blind or having severe visual impairment (p=0.001), problems with making decisions (p<0.001), doing errands alone (p=0.001) and dressing or bathing (p=0.001). After adjusting for socio-demographic status, cancer survivors who were non-Hispanic whites (OR= 3.49, p<0.01), younger (OR=4.10, p<0.01), more educated (OR= 2.29, p=0.02), with greater income (OR=4.43, p<0.01), and with very good to excellent quality of life (OR=2.60, p=0.01) had higher probability of having access to the internet, while those living in Midwest were less likely to have access (OR= 0.177, p<0.01). Doctors (95.5%) were the most and radio (27.8%) was the least trusted health related information source among all cancer survivors. Online survivors trusted internet much more compared to those without access (p<0.001) while offline cancer survivors trusted health-related information from religious groups and radio more than those with internet access (p<0.001 and p=0.008). Cancer survivors paid the most attention to health information on newsletters (63.8%) and internet (60.2%) and the least to radio (19.6%). More online survivors paid attention to internet than those without access (68.5% vs 39.1%, p<0.001) while more offline survivors paid attention to radio compared to those with access (26.8% vs 16.5%, p=0.03). Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of improving the access and empowering the different sources of information. Considering that the internet and web technologies are continuing to develop, more attention should be paid to improve access to the internet, provide guidance and maintain the quality of accredited health information websites. Those without internet access should continue to receive health-related information via their most trusted sources.