진행된 HIV 감염 환자에서 십이지장의 미란성 병변으로 발현한 Mycobacterium genavense 감염 1예

진상만,박종선,김홍빈,오명돈,최강원,김희연,국윤호,김남중 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.4

Mycobacterium genauense는 최근에 알려진 미코박테륨으로서, 식욕 부진, 체중 감소, 설사, 림프절 병증 등 파종성 Myocobacterium avium-intracellulare complex 감염과 유사한 임상상을 보이며, 위장관 침범을 잘 하는 것으로 알려져 있으나 아직 국내에서 증례는 보고된 바가 없다. 저자들은 진행된 HIV 감염 환자에서 십이지장의 미란성 병변으로 발현한 Mycobacterium genavense 감염 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. 환자는 상복부 동통과 발열, 설사로 내원하였다. 십이지장의 미란성 병변에서 시행한 조직검사에서 항산균이 가득 차있는 거품세포가 관찰되었으며, 이 검체에서 16S rRNA 유전자의 중합연쇄반응 검사를 시행하여 Mycobacterium genavense를 확인하였다. Mycobacterium genavense, first identified in 1990, is known as a pathogen that mimics disseminated Myocobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC) infection with particular propensity for the gastrointestinal tract. In Korea, no case with the organism has been reported. Herein we report a case of Mycobacterium genavense infection that manifested with erosive lesion of duodenum in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The patient presented with epigastric pain and fever, diarrhea. Duodenal biopsy showed histiocytic infiltration with numerous acid-fast bacilli. Identification of the mycobacterial isolate by the polymerase chain reaction restriction analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed Mycobacterium genavense.

간이식 환자에서 발생한 Aspergillus fumigatus에 의한 고관절염 1예

김탁,이상록,조오현,박기호,오련,이상오,김양수,우준희,김미나,최상호 대한감염학회 2008 감염과 화학요법 Vol.40 No.3

저자들은 간이식을 받은 환자에서 조직 배양 검사를 통하여 진단된 A. fumigatus에 의한 화농성 고관절염을 경험하였기에, 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Septic arthritis is an uncommon finding of invasive Aspergillosis. It can be caused by direct inoculation, Post-surgical infection, and hematogenous spread. Articular aspergillosis often involves the knee. A 49-year-o1d man who received a liver transplant in China on two months ago, due to liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus was admitted because of left side hip pain. Hip MRI showed joint effusion and bony destruction of the left hip and acetabulum. Incision and drainage was done and Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the resected tissue. After eight weeks of amphotericin B therapy, total hip replacement arthroplasty was done. Oral itraconazole 400mg/day was prescribed for six months after operation. The patient is now doing well without physical restriction.

The Role of Training and Absorptive Capacity in Mediating Human Capital Dimensions and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Pakistan

Sana Arz BHUTTO,Yasir JAMAL,Asim RAFIQ,Kashif MEHMOOD,Munir HUSSAIN,Amjad ALI 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12

This study aims to examine the role of training and absorptive capacity as a mediator to examine the impact of human capital dimensions on the performance of an organization. This study employs the quantitative approach for analysis. A sample of 208 respondents was collected from the textile factories based in Karachi and Faisalabad. Data was analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. PLS-SEM algorithm was used to check the validity and reliability of the data. PLS-SEM bootstrapping was used for studying the impact. The results show that the skills have an insignificant impact on organizational performance. Education and skills have an insignificant indirect impact on the performance of an organization. The research findings show that the human capital dimensions are full and partially mediated via absorptive capacity and training. The findings revealed that if we implement one by one dimension of human capital then it will not cause any increase in the organization’s performance but if we implement all dimensions then it results in optimal performance. Thus, this study suggests adopting effective training techniques and creating absorptive capacity in an organization to increase the performance of an organization. The findings of this study significantly contribute to the existing body of knowledge.

WHEN LARGE CONFLICTS SUBSIDE: THE EBBS AND FLOWS OF VIOLENCE IN POST-SUHARTO INDONESIA

Sana Jaffrey,Patrick Barron,Ashutosh Varshney 동아시아연구원 2016 Journal of East Asian Studies Vol.16 No.2

The last decade has witnessed an extraordinary spate of scholarship on the ethno-communal violence that swept through Indonesia following the collapse of the Suharto regime. Yet we know very little about how these large-scale violent conflicts subsided and the patterns of post-conflict violence that have emerged since. We introduce evidence from an original dataset to show that the high violence period lasted till 2003, after which violence declined in intensity and scale. Despite this aggregate decline, we find that old conflict sites still exhibit relatively high levels of small-scale violence. We conclude that Indonesia has moved to a new, post-conflict phase where large-scale violence is infrequent, yet small-scale violence remains unabated, often taking on new forms. Finally, we propose that effective internal security interventions by the state are a key reason, although not the only reason, why large-scale violence has not emerged again despite the continued prevalence of low-level violence.

An Adaptive Companding Scheme for Peak-to-average Power Ratio Reduction in OFDM Systems

( Sana Mazahir ),( Shahzad Amin Sheikh ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.12

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals suffer from the problem of high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which complicates the design of analog front-end of the system. Companding is a well-known PAPR reduction technique that involves transforming signal amplitudes using a deterministic function. OFDM signal amplitude, on average, is Rayleigh distributed but the distribution can vary significantly from symbol to symbol, especially when constellation size increases. In this paper, a new adaptive companding scheme is proposed along with its design methodology aiming at optimizing the compander performance by accommodating this variation in its design. This is achieved by designing compander parameters separately for statistically dissimilar symbols in OFDM waveform and making the compander select from these parameters, during run-time, according to the features of input symbols.

Optimal Design of Piecewise Linear Companding Transforms for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Systems

( Sana Mazahir ),( Shahzad Amin Sheikh ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.1

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals suffer from the problem of large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) which complicates the design of the analog front-end of the system. Companding is a well-known PAPR reduction technique that reduces the PAPR by transforming the signal amplitude using a deterministic function. In this paper, a novel piecewise linear companding transform is proposed. The design criteria for the proposed transform is developed by investigating the relationships between the compander and decompander`s profile and parameters with the system`s performance metrics. Using analysis and simulations, we relate the companding parameters with the bit error rate (BER), out-of-band interference (OBI), amount of companding noise, computational complexity and average power. Based on a set of criteria developed thereof, we formulate the design of the proposed transform. The main aim is to preserve the signal`s attributes as much as possible for a predetermined amount of PAPR reduction. Simulations are carried out to evaluate and compare the proposed scheme with the existing companding transforms to demonstrate the enhancement in PAPR, BER and OBI performances.

Endophytic fungi associated with Psychotria flavida Talbot., an endemic plant of Western Ghats (India) and their bioactive potential

Sana Sheik,K. R. Chandrashekar,Sukesh Shirlal 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2018 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.18 No.2

Psychotria flavida Talbot. an endemic plant of Western Ghats was explored for endophytic mycoflora. The endophytic fungi isolated from leaf and stem were identified with the aid of morphology and molecular methods. Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Picchia guillermondii were commonly present in both the sites. Overall colonization frequency of leaf samples was found to be higher than stem samples in both the places. Studies on seasonal variation of the occurrence of these fungi indicated a higher frequency during winter as compared to monsoon and summer. Further, endophytic fungi were verified for bioactive diagnosis using in vitro antimicrobial (disc diffusion method) and antioxidant (DPPH free radical scavenging). Among the 15 crude extracts of different endophytes tested, the extracts of Lasiodiplodia theobromae possessed potentially better antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The present study divulges that the endophytic fungi L. theobromae could be a potential source of antimicrobial and antioxidant drugs.

Portable Battery Operated Light Emitting Diode (LED) Based X-ray Film Illuminator system

Sana Adeel,Muddasir Hussain,Zia Mohy-Ud-Din 한국재활복지공학회 2016 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

The aim of the study is to design a portable, low powered X-ray film illuminator. It is a device that helps to illuminate the 2 d radiographic film that is to be viewed in medical emergency. The medical professionals widely use the illuminator to visualize the radiographic films to identify the anatomical structure, fracture and join dislocations of the bones. The conventional X-ray illuminators usually have tube lights to illuminate X-ray film on the screen. The illuminators comprise of tube lights base illumination system consume more power. Many countries that are not advanced may not be able to afford such energy and therefore such procedures are very expensive. The device proposed in this paper is a portable x-ray illuminator which is quite convenient to handle. It uses low powered light emitting diodes (LED) which consumes low energy. The proposed device is to design a battery operated and light weight system which can be portable. The set of red and blue LED are also used in the short portion of illuminator to study the radiographic film in detailed manner.

Thermodynamic and kinetic effect of biodegradable polymers on carbondioxide hydrates

Sana Yaqub,Bhajan lal,Lau Kok Keong 한국공업화학회 2019 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.79 No.-

In this work, the effect of biodegradable polymers, i.e. pectin (PC), sodium-carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC), tapioca starch (TS) and dextran (DX) on thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 hydrates areevaluated on sapphire hydrate reactor. The CO2 hydrate liquid vapour equilibrium (HLwVE) data isevaluated in the presence of biopolymers (1.5 wt%) using isochoric T-cycle method at temperature andpressure ranging from 278.7 to 283.0 K and 2.3 to 4.3 MPa respectively. The effect of biopolymers onHLwVE curve is reported by measuring average increment temperature (DÜ). The constant coolingmethod is used to evaluate the kinetics of CO2 hydrates at 4.3 MPa in the presence of biopolymers (0.12–1.5 wt%) at 274.15 K and 277.15 K. The inhibition effect of biopolymers on the kinetics of CO2 hydrate isreported by measuring induction time, hydrate formation rate and amount of gas consumed. The kineticinhibition strength of biopolymers is compared with poly-N-vinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and with two noncommercialinhibitors, i.e. glycine and tetra-methyl ammonium chloride (TMACl) through relativeinhibition strength (RIS). Results reveal that DX shows maximum increment temperature of 0.36 K. WhilePC and Na-CMC delayed CO2 hydrate nucleation for 423 and 181 min respectively. Additionally,biodegradation study on biopolymers indicates that, compared to PVP, biopolymers are easilybiodegradable and show potential for gas hydrate offshore applications.

Synthesis and anti-HIV-1 screening of novel N0- (1-(aryl)ethylidene)-2-(5,5-dioxido-3-phenylbenzo[e]pyrazolo [4,3-c][1,2]thiazin-4(1H)-yl)acetohydrazides

Sana Aslam,Matloob Ahmad,Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,Catherine Montero,Mervi Detorio,Masood Parvez,Raymond F. Schinazi 대한약학회 2014 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.37 No.11

A novel series of N0-(1-(aryl)ethylidene)-2-(5,5-dioxido-3-phenylbenzo[e]pyrazolo[4,3-c][1,2]thiazin-4(1H)-yl)acetohydrazides was synthesized. The synthesiswas carried out by thermal method as well as ultrasonicbath to reduce reaction time and to enhance product yields. The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopictechniques like NMR, infrared and EIMS. Thestructure of compound 5w was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The titled compounds were evaluated for antihumanimmunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) andcytotoxic activities. Biological studies indicated thatamongst these compounds, 5a, b, j, h and i showed theactivity with median effective concentration (EC50) valuesless than 20 lM. Compound 5i exhibited the most potentanti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 3.2 lM) while 5h showedanti-HIV-1 activity (EC50 = 3.8 lM) with no toxicity at allin primary human lymphocytes, CEM and VERO cells.