신라불교사상사와 『삼국유사』의해편

정병삼(Jung Byung-Sam) 불교학연구회 2007 불교학연구 Vol.16 No.-

  Sam-guk-yu-sa (三國遺事) is an excellent text which shows the cultural thoughts of late 13th century Goryeo. In the politically confused period, it focused on the subject of historical extraordinary and protect of Buddhist belief to understand korean culture independently. We can research plentiful materials of Buddhist history in Sam-guk-yu-sa. In Sam-guk-yu-sa, most important parts and subjects are the chapter of Tap-sang (塔像) and that of Eui-hae (義解). The chapter of Tap-sang contains the story about making Buddhist relics like pagodas etc. and relative stories about miracles and beliefs. The chapter of Eui-hae contains the constructions and spreads of Buddhist thoughts. So the chapter of Eui-hae is similar to the biography of the monks. In other chapters like Sin-ju (神呪) and Gam-tong (感通), we can find the matters of Buddhist thoughts also. But the accurate matters of Silla Buddhist thought, most of them are included in the chapter of Eui-hae. The chapter of Eui-hae is consisted of Vijnanavada (唯識), Madhyamika (空) and Vinaya in Three Kingdom"s period, and of Wonhyo (元曉), Vijnanavada and Hwaeom(華嚴) in unified Silla period. In comtemporary research, the history of Silla Buddhist thoughts is cope with the contents of the chapter of Eui-hae. So the chapter of Eui-hae shows us the major parts of Silla Buddhist thoughts in accordance with the periodical change. In addition, some men of major thoughs like Woncheuk, and major part like Seon (禪) were omitted. To investigate that reason is a future problem.

A New Fluorescence Imaging Technique for Visualizing Hepatobiliary Structures using Sodium Fluorescein: Result of a Preclinical Study in a Rat Model

Sam?Youl Yoon,Chang Min Lee 대한외과학회 2018 대한외과학회 학술대회 초록집 Vol.2018 No.11

중소기업에서의 내부마케팅, 직무만족, 자기효능감, 기업성과 간 관계 규명에 대한 연구

권혁삼(Kwon, Hyeok-Sam),한용희(Han, Yong-Hee) 한국경영교육학회 2020 경영교육연구 Vol.35 No.6

[연구목적] 본 연구의 목적은 중소기업에서의 내부마케팅, 직무만족, 자기효능감, 기업성과 간의 관계를 규명하여 중소기업의 기업성과를 높이기 위한 효과적인 인적관리와 조직운영 방안을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. [연구방법] 국내 중소기업에 근무하는 구성원들을 대상으로 수집한 410매의 설문자료를 SPSS와 AMOS 프로그램을 이용하여 구조방정식 모형을 분석하였다. [연구결과] 내부마케팅의 구성요소인 권한위임, 복리후생, 보상은 기업성과에, 교육훈련과 복리후생, 보상, 내부커뮤니케이션은 직무만족에, 권한위임과 내부커뮤니케이션은 자기효능감에, 직무만족과 자기효능감은 기업성과에 각각 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. [연구의 시사점] 중소기업의 인적, 제도적 측면에서 내부마케팅과 자기효능감, 직무만족 간의 구조적 관계를 분석하여 중소기업이 지속적으로 성장 발전할 수 있는 주요 변인을 탐색하고 그 대안을 제시하였다. [Purpose] This paper aims to derive effective human management and organizational management plans to enhance the firm performance of SMEs by examining the relationship among internal marketing, job satisfaction, self-efficacy, and firm performance in SMEs(small and medium-sized enterprises). [Methodology] 410 surveys have been collected from members working in SMEs in Korea. For hypothesis testing, a structural equation model has been analyzed using SPSS and AMOS programs. [Findings] Empowerment, welfare benefits, and reward system which are the components of internal marketing affects firm performance. Education and training, welfare benefits, reward system, and internal communication affects job satisfaction. Empowerment and internal communication affects self-efficacy. Finally, job satisfaction and self-efficacy affects firm performance. [Implications] By analyzing the structural relationship among internal marketing, self-efficacy, and job satisfaction in the human and institutional aspects of SMEs, we searched the main variables for the company’s continuous growth and suggested alternatives.

Outlook of Hydrogen Economy Take-Off in US

Sungwook “Sam” Min 한국신재생에너지학회 2019 AFORE Vol.2019 No.11

Hit Ratio is No Longer the User Perceived Performance Metric with Nonvolatile Buffer Cache : Evidence and Implications

Noh, Sam H. 弘益大學校 科學技術硏究所 2005 科學技術硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

비휘발성 메모리(NVRAM) 기술은 주요 반도체 생산 업체들이 하나의 칩에 1~2MB의 용량을 갖는 시제품을 제공할 정도로 빠르게 발전하고 있다. 머지않아 우리는 NVRAM이 장착된 컴퓨터들을 일상생활에서 사용하게 될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 NVRAM을 버퍼 캐쉬로 활용하는 것에 초점을 두고 있다. 비휘발성 버퍼 캐쉬는 컴퓨터 시스템에 완벽한 일관성과 향상된 성능을 제공해 준다. 본 논문의 주제는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 우리가 일반적으로 버퍼 캐쉬의 성능 측정의 척도로 사용하는 적중률(hit ratio)은 NVRAM이 장착된 캐쉬에서는 더 이상 적합한 척도가 될 수 없다. 적중률(hit ratio) 대신에, 우리는 사용자 측면의 캐쉬 성능의 척도로 디스크 접근의 횟수를 사용한다. 둘째, NVRAM이 장착된 캐쉬를 관리함에 있어서, 이와 같은 성능 측정 척도의 변화로 인해 읽기요청과 쓰기요청을 구분함으로써 MIN 교체정책 보다 더 나은 정책이 있을 수 있으며, 효율적인 NVRAM의 관리를 통해 성능 향상의 여지가 있음을 보인다.

Theoretical Background of Interaction and Online Discussion in the Web-Based Learning Environment

Chung, Jae-Sam 이화여자대학교 교과교육연구소 2001 East west education Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study was to review literature, theories, and models on interaction, online discussion, and e-learning in the web-based learning environment. Literature reviews suggested ten factors: the attitude toward computer-mediated communication, the attitude toward writing, intrinsic/extrinsic motivation, previous knowledge on the subject, the relevance of the discussion topic, the interaction with instructors, physical environment, psychological environment, support. These factors can be categorized into 3 groups such as learner-related factors, design-related factors, and environment-related factors. Based on this study, the following recommendations were offered: alleviate anxieties on writing, assign students to the discussion group according to the previous knowledge on the topic, implement motivational strategies, assign grades for adequate portion, offer discussion topic which learners consider relevant to them, interact with learners actively, facilitate learners to interact with peer learners. Implications this inquiry into interaction and online discussion for online learning and instruction were also discussed.

Note-Taking as a Self-Regulated Learning Strategy and Cognitive Style : Impact on Immediate and Delayed Learner's Academic Performance

Chung, Jae-Sam,Ki, Hye-Hee 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2004 East west education Vol.21 No.-

This research was to investigate the impact of cognitive style and self- regulated learning strategy such as note-taking methods on learners' students' academicper formance. Statistical analysis result showed that both cognitive style and note-taking methods did not have a significant effect on an immediate test.However, there is a significant main effect of cognitive style on a delayed test. Field-dependent students significantly outperformed field-independent students on the delayed test. Also, the main effect of note-taking methods on the delayed test was significant. Students who took notes in a matrix scored higher on the delayed test than did students who took notes in a free format.

일연선사비의 복원과 고려 승려 비문의 문도 구성

정병삼(Jung Byung-Sam) 한국사연구회 2006 한국사연구 Vol.133 No.-

Ilyeon(一然, 1206~1289) was an eminent monk in 13th century Goryeo. He wrote Sam-guk-yu-sa(三國遺事), which contains all around Korean ancient history, second oldest and important history. So he received the posthumous title Bogakguksa(普覺國師) which granted by the king. To the memory of his life, a monument to stupa was erected 1295, six years after his death. Ilyeon's monument to stupa was carved by Wang Hsi Chih(王羲之)'s collected letters, who was the greatest calligrapher, So many man wanted to get a rubbed copy of Ilyeon's monument to stupa, Now twenty seven copies were known as that rubbed copy. But Ilyeon's monument to stupa was most destroyed now. With the remained rubbed copies, we can reconstruct the original monument to stupa. Through the reconstruction, the front face completed almostly. But rear face is not complete yet. The rear face was divided three parts, the circumstance to the erection of monument to stupa, Ilyeon's disciples, and his official followers. This dividing style is unique in Goryeo. The date of erection was carved on the top site in large letters, and this is also an unique case. His disciples are consisted of 17 Daeseonsas(大禪師), 24 Seonsas(禪師), 2 Sujwase(首座), 40 Sallims(山林), 22 Samjungs(三重), 13 Daeseons(大選), 14 Ipseons(入選), 30 Chamhaks(參學), so all of them are 162 monks. Their name and position was reconstructed. His thirty nine official followers are consisted of 4 first ranks, 17 second ranks, 9 third ranks and 9 under fourth ranks officers. They positioned orderly by their ranks. Most of rear face was reconstructed by rubbed copies, but the below parts are not completed. If a new copy which contains new parts will found, the reconstruction will be supplemented. The reconstruction of Ilyeon's monument to stupa shows that the monument to stupa was consisted of 2,389 letters front face in thirty five lines, and 1,661 letters of rear face in thirty four lines. The name of the monument to stupa was carved in most big letters on the top of front face, and the erection date was carved in big letters on the top of rear face. The size of carved parts of the monument to stupa was estimated 101 centimeters width and 108 centimeters length. The list of Ilyeon's monument to stupa shows the adminstration of Goryeo Buddhist orders. Daeseonsa and other seven monk ranks is different from that of first half period of Goryeo. Sallim, Daeseon, Ipseon and Chamhak were newly appeared in late Goryeo period like this Ilyeon's monument to stupa, Most important change was the appearance of Gyojong(敎宗) monks are included in Seonjong(禪宗) Order. Basically the two orders are separated surely in early Goryeo, but in 13th century, Seon master Ilyeon's monument to stupa included some Gyo monks with most Seon monks. Like this, Ilyeon's monument to stupa offered many useful materials about various facts of Goryeo Buddhism. The reconstruction of other monk's monument to stupa also give us many historical materials. A new monument to stupa or an unrecognized rubbed copy is very important to know the little material period.

일부 자동차 공장 근로자들의 職業的 特性과 社會 心理的 Stress의 相關性 硏究

김성삼,홍지우,한현정,최희석,권소희,정해경,김삼태,송용선,이기남 한국전통의학연구소 2004 한국전통의학지 Vol.14 No.1

〈Objective〉 This study were carried out to study to assess the relationship between job characteristics, general characteristics, health behaviors, and psychosocial distress and suggested the preventive oriental medicine approaches in occupational health area. 〈Methods〉 We measured job characteristics(job demand, job control, jop insecurity) by The Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire, health behaviors(smoking, drinking, exercise, coffee), general characteristics at work by a self-administered questionnaire. Psycho social distress was measured by PWI(Psychosocial Well-being Index), a 18-item self- administered instrument. 370 data for research were collected through the process of oriental health examination with questionnaire in workplace. Statistical analysis was done by t test, oneway ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis with SPSSWIN (version 10.0) 〈Results〉 Among the 152 respondents, the prevalence of high job strain was 27%(41 persons). The Odds ratio of high job strain was 3.11(95 2.12~4.11), and those of passive group and active group were 2.01(95 0.83~2.76) and 1.80(95 0.83~2.76), respectively. Our results supported the association between psychosocial distress and job strain. 〈Conclusion〉 The odds ratio of high strain isolated group(high strain group+low social support) was 3.59(95 2.05 5.13), but the odds ratio of high strain collective group was 1.32(95 0.23 2.41). Social support at work was modifing factor of the association between psycho social distress and job strain. Therefore we reviewed the evidence that economic depression was associated with psycho social distress in this study, and that the strength of the social support was important in maintain health.

통일 독일의 경험과 한반도 통일의 전망

안삼환 서울대학교 독일학연구소 2001 독일어문화권연구 Vol.10 No.-

$quot;Das Gipfeltreffen ist ein Ereignis, das den Weg zur Wiedervereinigung als 'begehbare Strecke' sichtbar gemacht hat. Aber auf diesem Wege ist mit mehr nicht sofort sichtbaren Hindernissen zu rechnen als im damaligen Deutschland. Diese Hindernisse du¨rfen nicht ignoriert werden. Es ist also nicht ratsam, aus dem deutschen Modell einfache u¨bertragbare Lehren ziehen zu wollen,$quot; sagte der Ministerspra¨sident des Freistaats Thu¨ringen, Dr. Bernhard Vogel, der am 19. Juni hier in Seoul eintraf, in einem Gespra¨ch mit koreanischen Wissenschaftlern, das zum Thema Wiedervereinigung Deutschlands und Koreas gefu¨hrt wurde. Das Gespra¨ch wurde geleitet von Herrn Prof. Dr. Sam-Huan Ahn, Leiter des Instituts fu¨r Deutschlandforschung der Nationaluniversita¨t Seoul, im Mercury-Room des Hotel Intercontinental. An dem Gespra¨ch, wo fundiert und ernsthaft diskutiert wurde, wie die beiden verschiedenen Systeme auf der koreanischen Halbinsel in eine Nation integriert werden ko¨nnen, nahmen Herr Prof. Dr. Chong-Ko Choi(Jurist, Seoul National University), Herr Prof. Dr. Se-Kyun Kim(Politologe, SNU), Herr Prof. Dr. Hae-Young Lee(Politologe, Hanshin Univ.), Frau Prof. Dr. Hyunback Chung(Historikerin, Sungkyunkwan Univ.), Herr Prof. Dr. Ku-Hyun Nam(Soziologe, Hanshin Univ.) und Herr Prof. Dr. Yong-Min Kim(Literatur-wissenschaftler, Yonsei Univ.) teil. Im Vergleich mit deutschen historischen Verha¨ltnissen wies Herr Vogel aus seiner Sicht auf folgende Probleme Koreas in diesem Prozess hin: 1) die Verschlossenheit der nordkoreanischen Gesellschaft, 2) das steile wirtschaftliche Gefa¨lle zwischen Nord- und Su¨dkorea, 3) Erfahrungen des blutigen Bru¨derkriegs zwischen Nord- und Su¨dkorea. In Deutschland habe es wenigstens Berlin gegeben als eine Art `Ventilator' fu¨r Ostdeutsche. Daru¨berhinaus war in der ehemaligen DDR ein freier Postverkehr garantiert, man konnte westliche Radiosender hoeren und Programme des bundesdeutschen Fernsehens empfangen. Die Unwissenheit der nordkoreanischen Bevo¨lkerung u¨ber den Su¨den mu¨sse wohl als Haupthindernis der koreanischen Wiedervereinigung angesehen werden. Die Wirtschaft der DDR sei zwar marode gewesen. Aber Hungerno¨te etc. wie im jetzigen Nordkorea habe es da niemals gegeben. Zudem werde die Erfahrung des Krieges den Prozess der koreanischen Wiedervereinigung wohl langwierig machen. Auf das juristische Frage, ob die su¨dkoreanischen Politiker gesetzkonform gehandet ha¨tten, wies Dr. Vogel auf die westdeutschen Politiker hin, die zum Teil auch illegitime Handlungen in Kauf nehmen muβten. Das war manchmal in diesem Prozess notwendig, meinte der Ministerpra¨sident. Auf die Frage, ob auch im Prozess der deutschen Wiedervereinigung nicht viele Fehler begangen worden seien, erkla¨rte der Minister, damals habe es einige Kritik gegeben, z. B. u¨ber die Wa¨hrungsunion, aber heute gibt es nur wenige, die die deutsche Wiedervereinigung fu¨r zu rasch vollzogen bewerten. Herr Vogel, der seit langem im Westen als fu¨hrender CDU--Politiker galt, war als Ministerpra¨sident des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz und als Vorsitzender des Verwaltungsrates desZDF ta¨tig gewesen. Seit 1992 ist er als Ministerpra¨sident des neuen Landes Thu¨ringen ta¨tig, und seit 1985 zudem Vizepra¨sident der EDU.