Sterols and Sterol Glycosides from the Leaves of Gynura procumbens

Sadikun, A.,Aminah, I.,Ismail, N.,Ibrahim, P. The Korean Society of Pharmacognosy 1996 Natural Product Sciences Vol.2 No.1

A mixture of sterols containing ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and stigmasterol (1), and sterol glycosides containing $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and $3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ stigmasterol (2) were isolated from the leaves of Gynura procumbens. After acetylation of 2 with pyridine-acetic anhydride, $3-0-{\beta}-D-tetra-O-acetylglucopyranosyl$ ${\beta}>-sitosterol$ (3) was isolated.

INTERPRETING SEDIMENTARY STRUCTURES IN WELLS USING A GRAPHICAL METHOD

SAHAT SADIKUN 대한지질학회 1997 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.1997 No.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of traditional medicinal plants, Gynura segetum

Lay-Jing Seow,Hooi-Kheng Beh,Amirin Sadikun,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2014 TANG Vol.4 No.1

Gynura segetum, family Asteraceae is a cultivated species and can be found growing in the tropical regions of Indonesia and Malaysia. The plant is known for its use for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension and skin afflictions. In the current study, anti-inflammatory effect of Gynura segetum leaf has been investigated. The present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Gynura segetum leaf by using hen’s egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay. Different solvent extract of Gynura segetum leaf were tested, the most active methanol extract was further fractionated and tested. Among the extracts tested, the methanol extract showed a significant good anti-inflammatory effect (76.8% inhibition at 50 µg/disc) on the HET-CAM assay as compared with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (82.1% inhibition). However, the fractionated sample exhibited a significantly lower activity in comparison to crude methanol extract. The results demonstrated that Gynura segetum leaf displayed remarkable anti-inflammatory effects, which support the folkloric uses of this plant for treatment of inflammation.

Effects of Extracts and Fractions of Gynura procumbens on Rat Atrial Contraction

Omar Saad Saleh Abrika,Mun Fei Yam,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi,Amirin Sadikun,Hamady Dieng,Elssanousi Ali Hussain 사단법인약침학회 2013 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.6 No.4

There is currently a great deal of research interest in utilizing plant compounds against humandiseases, including hypertension. The present study investigated the effects of differentextracts and fractions from leaves of Gynura procumbens Merr. on rat atrial contractionin vitro. Isolated left and right atria, mounted in a 20-ml organ bath, were allowed to equilibratefor 15 min before the application of the extracts or fractions. The extracts (petroleum-ether extract (PE) and methanol extract (ME)) and the fractions (chloroform fraction(CHL), ethyl-acetate fraction (EA), n-butanol fraction (NB) and water fraction (WA) ofthe methanol extract) were tested at three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml), witha b-adrenergic agonist (isoprenaline) as a control. All data on contraction responses werelog-transformed and analyzed. When exposed to the different extracts, both atria tendedto exhibit greater contractive responses with the NB whereas cardiac contractions hada tendency to be reduced with most other extracts. For a given extract, the contraction responseswere particularly greater at 0.5 mg/ml for the right atrium and at 1 mg/ml for theleft atrium. Further analysis focusing on the NB fraction revealed that positive inotropismwas greater in left atria exposed to highly-concentrated F2 and F3 sub-fractions. Taken together,our results suggest that NB extracts and fractions from the G. procumbens-leafmethanol extract have positive inotropic activities and, hence, can be considered as an alternative/traditional medicine against increased blood pressure in humans or can be usedin strategies aimed at finding antihypertensive biomolecules from an accessible source.

Antimicrobial activity of Gynura segetum’s leaf extracts and its active fractions

Lay-Jing Seow,Hooi-Kheng Beh,Pazilah Ibrahim,Amirin Sadikun,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi 셀메드 세포교정의약학회 2012 셀메드 (CellMed) Vol.2 No.2

Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr. (Compositae) is a well recognized medicinal plant in Indonesia and Malaysia. It is believed to have an anticoagulant effect and is used in treating snake-bites, inflammations and other skin afflictions. This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of Gynura segetum leaves extracts and its fractions. The chemical compositions of the active extracts were also determined. The antimicrobial activities of different solvent extracts of leaves of Gynura segetum were evaluated using the agar well-diffusion method. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the active subfractions was determined by the tube dilution method. Gas Chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was carried out to identify the chemical compositions of the active extracts. The ethyl acetate fraction and its subfraction E4 performed potent antimicrobial activities and fifteen known chemical constituents were identified by GCMS analysis as 4-vinylphenol, 1-tetradecene, phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1-hexadecene, E-15-heptadecenal, hexadecanoic acid, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, dibutyl ester, 1-docosene, octadecanoic acid, 1-eicosene, cyclotetracosane, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester, butanedioic acid, monomethyl ester, niacin and 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid. The results of this study suggested a connection between the antimicrobial activities and the chemical structures. The plant may be used as a potential source for antimicrobial agents.

In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Profile of Loranthus ferrugineus: Evidence for Noncompetitive Antagonism of Norepinephrine-induced Vascular Contraction

Omar Z. Ameer,Ibrahim M. Salman,Hafsa S. Najim,Ghassan Z. Abdullah,Muthanna F. Abdulkarim,Mun Fei Yam,Amirin Sadikun,Mohamed Z. Asmawi 사단법인약침학회 2010 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.3 No.4

The mode by which Loranthus ferrugineus methanol extract antagonizes and/or modulates norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction was investigated in rat aortic rings. The vascular effects of three different concentrations of this extract were challenged against cumulative additions of norepinephrine. Phentolamine,a nonselective α-adrenoceptor antagonist, verapamil, an L-type calcium channel blocker, and papaverine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were used in three different concentrations as positive controls. Log concentration-response curves and double-reciprocal plots were constructed for the extract and each vasorelaxant. To characterize antagonism reversibility, the norepinephrine maximum contractile effect was examined before extract addition to the aortic ring chamber and after its removal. Phentolamine shifted the norepinephrine log concentration-response curve to the right with no significant depression in the maximum response. Similar to verapamil and papaverine, the extract produced a rightward shift in norepinephrine log concentration-response curve and a significant drop in maximum response. The double-reciprocal plots showed comparable y-intercept values for all phentolamine concentrations, a characteristic of competitive antagonism. In contrast, different y-intercept values on double-reciprocal plots were obtained for each concentration of extract, verapamil, and papaverine, typical of noncompetitive antagonism. The norepinephrine maximum contractile response was approximately similar before the addition of extract and after its removal. The data collectively showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract exerted its vascular effect by reversible noncompetitive antagonism of norepinephrine-induced vasoconstriction. These findings add to the understanding of the cardiovascular mechanisms by which L. ferrugineus, a plant traditionally used for the management of hypertension, elicits its action.

In Vitro Cholinomimetic Effect of Loranthus Ferrugineus in Isolated Guinea Pig Ileum

Omar Ziad Ameer,Ibrahim M. Salman,Mohammad Jamshed Ahmad Siddiqui,Mun Fei Yam,Raghava Naidu Sriramaneni,Amirin Sadikun,Zhari Ismail,Amin Malik Shah,Mohd. Zaini Asmawi 사단법인약침학회 2009 Journal of Acupuncture & Meridian Studies Vol.2 No.4

This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the spasmogenic action of Loranthus ferrugineus in isolated guinea pig ileum. Thus the contractile responses of guinea pig ileum to graded additions of either L. ferrugineus methanol extract or its n-butanol fraction were tested in the presence and absence of various pharmacological interventions. The data showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract and the n-butanol fraction produced a concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum segments. These effects were significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 μM atropine. In contrast, the response to the lowest concentrations of L. ferrugineus methanol extract (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) and n-butanol fraction of L. ferrugineus (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) were considerably enhanced in the presence of 0.05 μM neostigmine. Neither L. ferrugineus methanol extract nor n-butanol fraction contractile responses were affected upon the incubation of the ileal segments with 100 μM hexamethonium. The results of this study show that the spasmogenic effect of L. ferrugineus is possibly mediated through a direct action on intestinal muscarinic receptors. It is suggested that the bioactive constituents of L. ferrugineus serve as a substrate for acetylcholinesterase. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism(s) of the spasmogenic action of Loranthus ferrugineus in isolated guinea pig ileum. Thus the contractile responses of guinea pig ileum to graded additions of either L. ferrugineus methanol extract or its n-butanol fraction were tested in the presence and absence of various pharmacological interventions. The data showed that L. ferrugineus methanol extract and the n-butanol fraction produced a concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect in isolated guinea pig ileum segments. These effects were significantly inhibited in the presence of 1 μM atropine. In contrast, the response to the lowest concentrations of L. ferrugineus methanol extract (0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg/mL) and n-butanol fraction of L. ferrugineus (0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL) were considerably enhanced in the presence of 0.05 μM neostigmine. Neither L. ferrugineus methanol extract nor n-butanol fraction contractile responses were affected upon the incubation of the ileal segments with 100 μM hexamethonium. The results of this study show that the spasmogenic effect of L. ferrugineus is possibly mediated through a direct action on intestinal muscarinic receptors. It is suggested that the bioactive constituents of L. ferrugineus serve as a substrate for acetylcholinesterase.