Protein-based soft micro-optics fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing

Sun, Yun-Lu,Dong, Wen-Fei,Niu, Li-Gang,Jiang, Tong,Liu, Dong-Xu,Zhang, Lu,Wang, Ying-Shuai,Chen, Qi-Dai,Kim, Dong-Pyo,Sun, Hong-Bo Nature Publishing Group 2014 Light, science & applications Vol.3 No.1

<P>In this work, we report a novel soft diffractive micro-optics, called 'microscale kinoform phase-type lens (micro-KPL)', which is fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as building blocks and flexible polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) slices as substrates. By carefully optimizing various process parameters of FsLDW (e. g., average laser power density, scanning step, exposure time on a single point and protein concentration), the as-formed protein micro-KPLs exhibit excellent surface quality, well-defined three-dimensional (3D) geometry and distinctive optical properties, even in relatively harsh operation environments (for instance, in strong acid or base). Laser shaping, imaging and other optical performances can be easily achieved. More importantly, micro-KPLs also have unique flexible and stretchable properties as well as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. Therefore, such protein hydrogel-based micro-optics may have great potential applications, such as in flexible and stretchable photonics and optics, soft integrated optical microsystems and bioimplantable devices.</P>

Risk Assessment of Secondary Primary Malignancies in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Big-Data Intelligence Platform-Based Analysis of 6,377 Long-term Survivors from an Endemic Area Treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy during 2003-2013

Lu-Lu Zhang,Guo-Hong Li,Yi-Yang Li,Zhen-Yu Qi,Ai-Hua Lin,Ying Sun 대한암학회 2019 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.51 No.3

Purpose The incidence, risk factors and survival impact of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs) among survivors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with or without chemotherapy are poorly characterized. Materials and Methods Consecutive patients (n=6,377) from the big-data intelligence platform at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, China (in a high-incidence area) with newly diagnosed non-metastatic pathologically proven non-keratinizing undifferentiated NPC treated with IMRT±chemotherapy between January 2003 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Cumulative incidence of SPMs was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify potential risk factors for SPMs and assess whether SPMs affect overall survival. Results Of the 6,377 patients, 189 (3.0%) suffered SPMs (median follow-up, 62 months). One-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-cumulative risks of SPMs were 0.4%, 0.9%, 1.6%, 2.2%, and 2.6%, respectively. Latency from start of IMRT to SPMs diagnosis was 37 months (range, 6 to 102 months). In patients with SPMs, 14.3% suffered SPMs within 1 year post-IMRT: 1-3 years, 38.1%; 3-5 years, 33.9%; and > 5 years, 13.7%. Lung cancer was the most common SPM (50/6,377, 0.78%). Multivariate analysis demonstrated sex (male, 64% increase), age (! 50 years, 68% increase), and smoking history (41% increase) were significant risk factors for SPMs, and SPMs were associated with poorer overall survival. Conclusion This large cohort study confirms SPMs a dreadful complication for long-term survivors of NPC treated with IMRT. SPMs negatively impact overall survival in NPC. Close follow-up is recommended for older male survivors with a smoking history.

Wood anatomy of Tectona grandis L.

( Sun Lu ),( Su Kyoung Chun ) 한국임학회 2006 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Proposal of a Pretreatment Nomogram for Predicting Local Recurrence after Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in T4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Review of 415 Chinese Patients

Lu-Lu Zhang,Yi-Yang Li,Jiang Hu,Guan-Qun Zhou,Lei Chen,Wen-Fei Li,Ai-Hua Lin,Jun Ma,Zhen-Yu Qi,Ying Sun 대한암학회 2018 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.50 No.4

Purpose Local relapse-free survival (LRFS) differs widely among patients with T4 category nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We aimed to build a nomogram incorporating clinicopathological information to predict LRFS in T4 NPC after definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials and Methods Retrospective study of 415 Chinese patients with non-metastatic T4 NPC treated with definitive IMRT with or without chemotherapy at our cancer center between October 2009 and September 2013. The nomogram for LRFS at 3 and 5 years was generated based on multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression, and validated using bootstrap resampling, assessing discriminative performance using the concordance index (C-index) and determining calibration ability via calibration curves. Results Five-year LRFS was 88.8%. We identified and incorporated four independent prognostic factors for LRFS: ethmoid sinus invasion, primary gross tumor volume, age, and pretreatment body mass index. The C-index of the nomogram for local recurrence was 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.726 to 0.738), indicating excellent predictive accuracy. The calibration curve revealed excellent agreement between nomogram-predicted and observed LRFS probabilities. Risk subgroups based on total point score cutoff values enabled effective discrimination of LRFS. Conclusion This pretreatment nomogram enables clinicians to accurately predict LRFS in T4 NPC after definitive IMRT, and could help to facilitate personalized patient counselling and treatment strategies.

Large-Scale Genome-Wide Association Study of East Asians Identifies Loci Associated With Risk for Colorectal Cancer

Lu, Yingchang,Kweon, Sun-Seog,Tanikawa, Chizu,Jia, Wei-Hua,Xiang, Yong-Bing,Cai, Qiuyin,Zeng, Chenjie,Schmit, Stephanie L.,Shin, Aesun,Matsuo, Keitaro,Jee, Sun Ha,Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Jeongseon,Wen, Wa Elsevier 2019 Gastroenterology Vol.156 No.5

<P><B>Background & Aims</B></P> <P>Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated approximately 50 loci with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC)—nearly one third of these loci were initially associated with CRC in studies conducted in East Asian populations. We conducted a GWAS of East Asians to identify CRC risk loci and evaluate the generalizability of findings from GWASs of European populations to Asian populations.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We analyzed genetic data from 22,775 patients with CRC (cases) and 47,731 individuals without cancer (controls) from 14 studies in the Asia Colorectal Cancer Consortium. First, we performed a meta-analysis of 7 GWASs (10,625 cases and 34,595 controls) and identified 46,554 promising risk variants for replication by adding them to the Multi-Ethnic Global Array (MEGA) for genotype analysis in 6445 cases and 7175 controls. These data were analyzed, along with data from an additional 5705 cases and 5961 controls genotyped using the OncoArray. We also obtained data from 57,976 cases and 67,242 controls of European descent. Variants at identified risk loci were functionally annotated and evaluated in correlation with gene expression levels.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>A meta-analyses of all samples from people of Asian descent identified 13 loci and 1 new variant at a known locus (10q24.2) associated with risk of CRC at the genome-wide significance level of <I>P</I> < 5 × 10<SUP>–8</SUP>. We did not perform experiments to replicate these associations in additional individuals of Asian ancestry. However, the lead risk variant in 6 of these loci was also significantly associated with risk of CRC in European descendants. A strong association (44%–75% increase in risk per allele) was found for 2 low-frequency variants: rs201395236 at 1q44 (minor allele frequency, 1.34%) and rs77969132 at 12p11.21 (minor allele frequency, 1.53%). For 8 of the 13 associated loci, the variants with the highest levels of significant association were located inside or near the protein-coding genes <I>L1TD1</I>, <I>EFCAB2</I>, <I>PPP1R21</I>, <I>SLCO2A1</I>, <I>HLA-G</I>, <I>NOTCH4</I>, <I>DENND5B</I>, and <I>GNAS</I>. For other intergenic loci, we provided evidence for the possible involvement of the genes <I>ALDH7A1</I>, <I>PRICKLE1</I>, <I>KLF5</I>, <I>WWOX</I>, and <I>GLP2R</I>. We replicated findings for 41 of 52 previously reported risk loci.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>We showed that most of the risk loci previously associated with CRC risk in individuals of European descent were also associated with CRC risk in East Asians. Furthermore, we identified 13 loci significantly associated with risk for CRC in Asians. Many of these loci contained genes that regulate the immune response, Wnt signaling to β-catenin, prostaglandin E2 catabolism, and cell pluripotency and proliferation. Further analyses of these genes and their variants is warranted, particularly for the 8 loci for which the lead CRC risk variants were not replicated in persons of European descent.</P>

Ginsenoside compound K protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells against oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB, p38, and JNK MAPK pathways

Lu, Shan,Luo, Yun,Zhou, Ping,Yang, Ke,Sun, Guibo,Sun, Xiaobo The Korean Society of Ginseng 2019 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.43 No.1

Background: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) causes vascular endothelial cell inflammatory response and apoptosis and plays an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a metabolite produced by the hydrolysis of ginsenoside Rb1, possesses strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, whether or not CK protects ox-LDL-damaged endothelial cells and the potential mechanisms have not been elucidated. Methods: In our study, cell viability was tested using a 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Expression levels of interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Mitochondrial membrane potential (${\Delta}{\Psi}m$) was detected using JC-1. The cell apoptotic percentage was measured by the Annexin V/ propidium iodide (PI) assay, lactate dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 expression. Apoptosis-related proteins, nuclear factor $(NF)-{\kappa}B$, and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways protein expression were quantified by Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that CK could ameliorate ox-LDL-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inflammation and apoptosis, $NF-{\kappa}B$ nuclear translocation, and the phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Moreover, anisomycin, an activator of p38 and JNK, significantly abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of CK. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that CK prevents ox-LDL-induced HUVECs inflammation and apoptosis through inhibiting the $NF-{\kappa}B$, p38, and JNK MAPK signaling pathways. Thus, CK is a candidate drug for atherosclerosis treatment.

Wood anatomy of Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merr

( Sun Lu ),( Su Kyoung Chun ) 한국임학회 2006 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

Micro Structural Changes in Juvenile and Matured Wood of Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee

Lu, Sun,Ahmed, Sheikh Ali,Chong, Song-Ho Korea Furniture Society 2006 한국가구학회지 Vol.17 No.3

Juvenile and matured wood of Populus tomentiglandulosa species of Salicaceae native grown in Korea was observed by FE-SEM and optical microscope. Species is characterized by mostly diffuse-porous, simple perforation plates, polygonal alternate non-vestured intervessel pit, medium length of vessel elements and fibres, non-septate very thin walled libriform fibres and exclusively uniseriate procumbent rays. Axial parenchyma was absent or extremely rare. Vessel and fibre length were longer in both matured and juvenile latewood than those of earlywood. Ray cell lumen diameter, ray length, number and diameter of endwall pit in ray cell, endwall pit, number and diameter of pit in lateral wall of one ray parenchyma cell, vessel ray pit number and diameter vary from juvenile early and latewood to matured wood.

Wood Anatomy of Mangifera indica L.(Anacardiaceae)

Lu, Sun,Ahmed, Sheikh Ali,Chong, Song-Ho Korea Furniture Society 2006 한국가구학회지 Vol.17 No.3

The wood anatomy of Mangifera indica belonging to the species of Anacardiaceae native to Bangladesh was described. The species of this family was distinctive in having growth rings, thin-to thick-walled, nonseptate libriform fibres, vessels with simple perforation plate and nonvestures intervessel pittings. Paratracheal axial parenchyma was vasicentric, lozenge-aliform and confluent. Axial parenchyma band more than 3 cells wide and in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. 3-4 cells per axial parenchyma was dominantly present. Ray height was less than 1mm. Body ray cells were procumbent with one row of upright and square marginal cells. More than one prismatic crystals of about the same size was present in upright or square ray cells.

Study on Electrical Aging Characteristics of Fiber Sheath Materials in Power Transformer Oil

Sun Lu,Fan Xiaozhou,Jiang Shuo,Wang Bowen,Liu Yunpeng,Gao Shuguo,Meng Lingming 대한전기학회 2019 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.14 No.1

Optical fiber has great potential in the development of online monitoring for trans-formers. In this paper, the electrical aging test of fiber sheath material based on a gradual voltage-rising method was performed and the influence of thermal aging on electrical aging was determined. Compared to the oil-paper insulation performance of traditional transformers, it was found that ethylene tetrafluoroethylene(ETFE), polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) and Polyamide 12 (PA 12) were better than oil-paper. Statistical analysis of the ETFE material and oil-paper test data was conducted using double-parameter Weibull distribution. The inverse power and exponential functions were used to fit the experimental data and voltage tolerance coefficients of the ETFE material were obtained. Experimental results show the parameters of the ETFE model in the inverse power function and exponential function model are better than those of the oil paper insulation, and the sheathed fiber is ETFE that can be stably operated in the transformer.