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      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        株式會社 設立에 있어서의 發起人의 資本充實의 責任

        徐圭錫,蔡明洙 전북대학교 법학연구소 1997 法學硏究 Vol.20 No.-

        Stock Corporation is a physical company in which the stockholders do not take responsibility beyond the price amounts of their stock possession, and virtually all of the dominant businesses or most of the enterprises assume the form of the stock corporation nowadays. Thus, the substantiality of capital in the stock corporation is very important for to guarantee the transaction stability as well as for to protect the interests of stockholders. Naturally the Commercial Code imposes the capital replenishment responsibilities on the incorporators. Unless all the stocks issued for the promotion of a new company are underwritten and paid for, the company can not be established in principle. However, in actuality can the stocks which have not been underwritten and/or paid for remain for various reasons. The replenishment responsibilities are to fill up these kinds of deficiencies. By supplementing these flaws in promotion of new companies can the nullity of the establishment be avoided protecting the interests of the people concerned. The incorporators assume two kinds of capital replenishment responsibilities : responsibilities for the guarantee of full underwriting of the stocks issued, and for the guarantee of the full payment for the stocks underwritten. When there are stocks - the stocks which have been issued for establishment of a company - which have not been underwritten or the underwriting of which has been canceled for any reason, the incorporators have to undertake the stocks on a joint and several responsibility. When there are stocks - the stocks which have been issued for establishment of a company - which have been underwritten but not been payed for for any reason, the incorporators have to pay for the stocks also on a joint and several responsibility. The indebtedness of the incorporators based on the capital replenishment responsibilities is established when the company comes into existence by achieving the registration of incorporation. The capital replenishment responsibilities of the incorporators in the Korean (and Japanese) Commercial Code(s) are statutory and non-negligence responsibilities, whereas those in the German Stock Corporation Law are negligence responsibilities. As the responsibilities are statutory, even the resolution by all the stockholders of a company can not exempt the incorporators from the responsibilities. The capital replenishment responsibilities are implemented when the incorporators pay in joint and several for the stocks which have not been underwritten and/or paid for. By underwriting the stocks which have not been underwritten become the incorporators stockholders. The incorporators who implement the responsibilities for the guarantee of the full payment for the stocks underwritten do not become stockholders by the implementation. They only have the right of indemnity to the stockholders who underwrote the stocks unpaid for. The extinctive prescription of the capital replenishment responsibilities is reckoned from the next date of the registration of incorporation, and is fulfilled by the lapse of 10 years thereafter. The capital replenishment responsibilities are inherited. The new Japanese Commercial Code which was revised in 1990 is imposing the capital replenishment responsibilities not only on the incorporators but on the directors who are in office when the companies are established. As this revision is for to reinforce the substantiality of the capital, a similar revision of the Commercial Code can be taken into sincere consideration. A new way which can alleviate the risk of the incorporators who implement the responsibilities for the full payment for the underwritten stocks may be deliberated as in the new Japanese Commercial Code.

      • KCI등재
      • KCI등재

        연극 커뮤니케이션과 공간의 수사학

        서명수 프랑스문화예술학회 2000 프랑스문화예술연구 Vol.2 No.-

        Le theatre presuppose les deux choses suivantes. Premierement il est l'art de la double communication : d'une part la communication fictive intra-scenique entre les personnages et d'autre part la communication reelle extra-scenique entre l'auteur(ou le metteur en scene) et le public. Deuxiemement le theatre, tel qu'il represente directement un evenement sur la scene, est aussi l'art d'une caracteristique restreinte au niveau spacio-temporel. La convention theatrale est a la fois l'ensemble des regles qui regissent le processus de la creation, et le moyesn de depasser cette limite spacio-temporelle et de se permettre la representation de diverses formes. Ces deux presuppositions impliquent que le fonctionnement de tous les elements du theatre est aussi double selon leur niveau de communication et ce fonctionnement est necessairement rhetorique. Sous cet angle, on a aborde dans la presente etude l'espace theatral pour expliciter son fonctionnemene double et rhetorique. En introduisant la notion jackosonienne de la rhetorique, metonymie et de metaphore, on est arrive a conclure que la fonction dramatique de l'espace produisant l'histoire fictive au niveau de la communication intra-scenique est le resultat de la metonimisation de l'espace treatre et que la fonction poetique de l'espace produisant le sens implicite de cette histoire au niveau de la communication extra-scenique est celui de la methphorisation de l'espace. On peut alors anticiper sur le contenu de la conclusion qui montre en effet qu'on peut bien appliquer la notion et la methode aux etudes des autres domaines du theatre : temps, objet, histoire etc. Mais il faut neanmoins proceder encore a l'etude sur la fonction esthetique de l'espace dont on manque ici, pour expliciter globalement le fonctionnement de l'espace theatral.

      • KCI등재
      • 초음파 검사로 측정한 비장의 크기 : 한국인 성인남녀 100명을 대상으로

        이명숙,유정현,서정수,이정식 梨花女子大學校 醫科大學 醫科學硏究所 1997 EMJ (Ewha medical journal) Vol.20 No.2

        Purpose : Ultrasound has been found to be accurate, reliable and noninvasive method in the measurement of spleen. The study was undertaken to obtain standard values of size in three dimensions and normal range of splenic volume by the use of splenic volumetric index(SVI) in normal korean adults. Material and Method : We experienced 100 cases of abdominal ultrasonography of normal korean adults from May 1995 to August 1995. Results : 1) The average size of spleen in adult male was 6.85±1.31cm in breadth, 4.93±1.27cm in thickness, 6.33±1.46cm in height ; in adult females, 6.61±1.23cm, 5.17±1.26cm, 6.33. 42cm, respectively ; total average, 6.73±1,27cm, 5.05±1.27cm, 6.33±1.39cm,respectively. 2) The average splenic volumetric index in adult male was 8.20±3.95; in adult females, 8.41±4.08 ; total average,8.31±4.00. There were no statistical differences of SVI and size between sex and age. Conclusion : Although ultrasonography is less accurate than computed tomography, it is rapid and simple method for splenic measurement.

      • 한국인 심부전증 환자 심근에서의 인형 거대 세포 바이러스 감염

        이명용,이무용,김영권,한성식,최성준,김효수,이영우,서정돈 단국대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.33 No.-

        Objectives: In order to evaluated the prevalence and the site of infection of cytomegalovirus in terminally failing heart, cytomegaloviral DNA was detected in the explanted hearts of transplantation recipients. Methods: DNA extractions were performed from explanted failing hearts(N=22) and normal hearts(N=5) and polymerase cain reactions(PCRs) were done for detection of late gene sequence coding pp150 glycoprotein. The products were confirmed by electrophoresis on the 1% agarose gel. n order to improve the detectability of cytomegaloviral genome, nested PCRs were executed with the primers designed for the original 607 bp products. In situ PCRs also were done with the samples which were confirmed as positive for CMV viral genome by nested PCRs. Results: All patients had IgG anti-cytomegalovirus antibody and did not have IgM anti-cytomegalovirus antibody. Cytomegaloviral genomes in myocardium were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The 607bp products by PCRs were found in both explanted failing heart(3 cases/22. 13.5%) and normal hearts( 1 case/5, 20.0%). In nested PCRs, 186bp products were found in both failing hearts(LV 4/22, LA 3/2, RV 4/22, RA 0/17) and normal hearts(LV 2/5, LA 1/4, RV 2/5, RA 2/5). These was no significant change in positivity of cytomegaloviral DNA genome between failing and normal hearts. Total positivity of cytomegaloviral genome in explanted hearts was 44.4% according to the nested PCR results. The positivity of cytomegaloviral DNA by n situ PCR was 33.3%(4/12), and the site of positive reaction was the nuclei of the myocardial cells. Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus was rarely observed in explanted hearts of terminal heart failure and nested PCR could enhance the sensitivity of cytomegaloviral genome detection. The result of the in situ PCR showed the site of the cytomegaloviral infection was nuclei of the myocardial cells. Cytomegalovirus, however, might have no direct causal relationship in the development of terminal heart failure.

      • 인공위성영상과 NDVI를 이용한 피복분류 : 동국대학교 운길산연습림을 중심으로 Focus on Mt. Ungil Experiment Forests belong to Dongguk University

        원명수,서정수,김창호 동국대학교 생명자원과학대학 연습림 2000 연습림논문집 Vol.- No.6

        Recently, Satellite image data is applied in many fields. Spatially, NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) is widely using as a indicator for vegetation environment assessment and utilized to measure quantities of forest resources and vegetation vitality. In this study, it is introduced to perform land use classification for each land cover condition and NDVI using Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper imagery data acquired in 1997. Also this study is aimed at organizing base data to manage and use forest rationally with focus on Mt. Ungil Experiment Forest belong to Dongguk University in Namyangju, Kyounggi Province. Land cover is classified into total seven categories as water body, urban area, barren area, agriculture area, grass land, forest and etc.

      • KCI등재

        정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

        이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

        연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

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