야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.

n-CdS_(0.46)Se_(0.54)/p-Cu_92-x)S_(0.46)Se_(0.54) 이종접합 태양전지의 제작과 그 특성에 관한 연구

유상하,최승평,이상열,홍광준,서상석,김혜숙,전승룡,윤은희,문종대,신영진,정태수,신현길,김택성,유기수 全北大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1994 基礎科學 Vol.16 No.-

승화방법에 의해 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 성장하여 결정구조를 조사하고, Van der Pauw 방법으로 Hall effect를 측정하여 carrier density의 온도 의존성과 mobility의 온도 의존성을 조사하였다. 성장된 CdS_0.46Se_0.54 단결정을 치환반응하여 n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 이종접합 태양전지를 제작하였다. Spectral response, 전류-전압특성 및 전력변환 효율을 조사하여 그 결과로부터 개방전압은 0.48V, 단락 전류 밀도는 21mA/㎠, fill factor와 전력변환효율은 각각 0.75와 9.5%를 얻었다. CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal was grown by a sublimation method. The crystal structure and the temperature dependence of carrier density and mobility of CdS_0.46Se_0.54 single crystal were studied. Heterojunction solar cells on n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 were fabricated by the substitution reaction. The spectral response, the J-U characteristics and the conversion efficiency of the n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells were studied. The open-cricuit voltage, short-circuit density, fill factor and conversion efficiency of n-CdS_0.46Se_0.54/p-Cu_2-xS_0.46Se_0.54 heterojunction solar cells under 80mW/㎠ illumination were found to be 0.48V, 21mA/㎠, 0.75 and 9.5%, respectively.

전분/펙틴/몬모릴로나이트 나노복합 필름의 특성 및 산소 투과도 연구

서석훈,서길수,유성구,신용섭,정세환,김성철,배광수,이태진,장상희,신부영 한국공업화학회 2003 공업화학 Vol.14 No.8

Na^(+)-MMT로부터 제조한 생분해성 전분/펙틴/몬모릴로나이트 나노복합재료의 기계적 특성, 열적 특성, 그리고 산소 투과성을 연구하였다. XRD와 TEM의 결과로부터 고분자의 삽입으로 인하여 실리케이트 층간 간격이 증가하였으며, 또한 삽입형 전분/펙틴/몬모릴로나이트 나노복합재료임을 확인하였다. 합성된 전분/펙틴/몬모릴로나이트 나노복합재료의 경우 적은 양의 MMT로부터 기계적 특성과 열적 안정성이 우수함을 보였다. 그리고 전분/펙틴/몬모릴로나이트 나노복합재료의 산소 투과성은 고분자 매트릭스에 분산되어 있는 몬모릴로나이트에 의하여 현저히 저하됨을 보여주었다. Mechanical property. thermal property. and oxygen permeability of biodegradable Pectin/Starch-montmorillonite nanocomposite, prepared with Na-MMT, have been studied X-ray diffraction and TEM experiments on polymer/silicate composite samples demonstrated that the intercalation of polymer chains leads to increase in the spacing between silicate layers. In addition, it were found that the intercalated Starch/Pectin/monotmorillonite nanocomposite were prepared. It was found that the addition of only a small amount of clay was enough to improve the thermal stability- and mechanical property of Starch/Pectin/montmorillonite nanocomposite. Oxygen permeability of Starch/Pectin/montmorillonite composite was generally lower than that of pectin/starch.

예술심리치료를 위한 무용과 문학의 통합적 연구 : 춤과 글의 학제간 연구문제를 중심으로

신상성,신수연 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 2008 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.17 No.1

Psychological treatment interface between integrated expressional arts of dance and literature is a treatment program not only for clients (patients) but also for general people. This positive approach of an arttherapy should be widely applicable to an everyday situation. As a method of a physical expression, dance psychological therapy can be an effective and a practical tool for feeling free of his or her awareness. If used with other art therapy, such as play, art, and music, it is expected to be effective. With NLP mechanism, it can be more effective. One can realize him or herself through dance-action and explore an internal self-awareness through writing. Two methods are suggested. One is to let clients read find piece of literature selected by its category and contents and induce them to discuss their feelings. Second method is that clients read though books, understand the situation of the story, have great empathy with a main character, recognize a reality, and finally overcome their own problems. Through employing these methods integrative and systematically, it is possible to maximize therapeutic action.Psychological therapistsof dance and literature can explore alternatives though running more professional and variouskinds of programs continuously. However, integrative psychological therapy of dance and literature suggested in this thesis is limited to only supporting roles. It is just a theoretical suggestion, because the field of integrative psychological therapy is not yet fully developed. Therefore, it is expected to have a process of trial and error. It is, however, effective to approach these theories scientifically and professionally rather than executing without theoretical background. Furthermore, integrative psychological therapy of dance and literature can be more systematic and can study further therapeutic action with professional artists’participation, which has been run fragmentarily. There are limits in psychological consulting and repeated medical treatment. They recur even after clients completely recovered or patients suffer from ill effects.

일과성 전 기억상실증으로 나타난 크로이츠펠트 : 야콥병 1례

신대수,이승희,이한샘,박성욱,박현영,장혁,장성조,김요식,조광호 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 2004 圓光醫科學 Vol.19 No.1

만성 틱 장애 뚜렛씨 장애의 임상 특성

신성웅,임명호,현태영,성양숙,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

뚜렛씨 장애는 근육틱과 음성틱이 만성적으로 지속되는 질환이다. 만성 틱장애는 근육틱 혹은 음성틱 중 하나만 지속적으로 나타나는 질환이다. 본 연구에서는 1998년 4월 1일부터 1999년 4월 1일까지 서울대학교병원 소아정신과 병동에 입원한 만성 틱 장애 아동과 뚜렛씨 장애 아동의 임상적 특징을 조사하고 두 질환 사이의 관계를 비교하고자 시행되었다. 이들의 특성을 확인하기 위해 대조군으로 학습장애 환자를 선정하였다. 조사 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 만성 틱장애(n=13)와 뚜렛씨 장애 환자(n=29)의 평균 발병연령은 각각7.3±2.5, 7.2±2.2.세, 입원시 연령은 평균 11.7±2.7, 11.5±2.6세, 입원기간은 5.7±5.4, 11.0±8.7주였고두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 학습장애의 경우 발병연령(4.2±1.9세)이 두 장애보다 빠르고 의료기관을 찾는 시기(9.8±3.2세)도 빨랐다. 출생 계절은 틱장애 환자들에서 6월에서 9월 사이가 가장 적었지만 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 남녀의 성비율은 각각 10 : 3, 26 : 3, 11 : 5였고 의미 있는 차이는 보이지 않았다. 환자가 출생할 때의 아버지와 어머니 연령은 세 군 모두 차이가 없었다. 둘째, 정신과적 가족력이 있는 경우도 세 군 사이에 차이가 없었고 각각 24.1%, 46.2%, 56.3%였다. 발병전 유발 요인이 확인된 경우는 만성틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애에서 11.1%와 35.7%로서 의리 있는 차이를 보이지는 않았지만 학습장애(56.3%)에 비해서는 적었다. 셋째, 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애, 그리고 학습장애 환자의 지능지수는 각각 언어성 지능 92.3±10.7, 94.7±14.9, 94.3±13.8이었고, 동작성 지능은 93.0±20.5, 97.5±13.0, 95.0±16.9이었으며, 전체 지능은 91.9±20.1, 95.8±14.5, 93.9±15.1로서 세 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 기질적 뇌장애 소견은 CT/MRI등에서 0%, 27.3%, 6.3%, 뇌파 이상은 8.3%, 17.2%, 12.5%에서 나타났고 차이는 발견하지 못하였다. 넷째, 항도파민 약물에 대한 반응은 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애 환자에서 각각 84.6%, 77.0%가 부분관해를 보였고 완전 관해된 경우는 한 명도 없었으며 두 군 사이에 차이가 없었다. 다섯째, 공동 유병현황을 조사한 결과 주의력결핍 · 과잉운동장애가 학습장애에서 의리 있게 많은 것을 제외하고는 세 군 사이에 통계적으로 의미 있는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 조사 결과 입원한 환자의 경우 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애를 가진 환자들은 임상적으로 학습장애를 가진 환자와 많은 부분에서 파이를 보였으나 만성 틱장애와 뚜렛씨 장애를 구분해야 하는 근거를 찾지 못하였다. 중심 단어 : 뚜렛씨 장애 · 틱장애 · 진단 분류 ㆍ 임상적 특성. Tourette's disorder is a disease which manifests one or more motor tics and vocal tics for more than a year. Chronic motor tic or vocal tic disorders are characterized by only one kind of tics for more than a year. We intended to investigate the clinical characteristics of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders or Tourette's disorders who had admitted from May 1, 1998 to May 1, 1999 to Seoul National University Hospital Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ward. In addition, we compared the clinical characteristics of the patients in order to elucidate the relationship between the two disorders. The patients with learning disabilities were selected as controls. There was no statistically significant difference between the onsets of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders(n=13, 7.3±2.5 years) , and Tourette's disorder(n=39, 7.2±2.2 years), but with learning disability (4.2±1.9 years). Also, the patients with chronic motor tic disorder and Tourette's disorder showed similar age at admission (11.7±2.7 versus 11.5±2.6 years), duration of admission (5.7±5.4 versus 11.0±8.7 weeks), mothers' ages at child birth(27.3±2.9 versus 28.3 ±6.7 years old), and fathers' age at child birth (32.2±3.2 versus 33.3±5.2 years old). We observed that those who had learning disabilities were alike in those aspects, except for age at visit to clinic (9.8±3.2 years old). Family history of psychiatric illnesses (24.1% versus 46.2%), recognized precipitating factors (11.1% versus 35.7%) and response to pharmacological treatments (77.8% versus 76.9%) of the patients with chronic motor tic disorders and Tourette's disorders were observed and no differences were found. Comorbid patterns of diseases were noted. Intrafamilial conflicts were more common in the patients with learning disabilities than those with chronic tic disorders or Tourette's disorders. Precipitating factors were observed more frequent in chronic tic disorder and Tourette's disorder than learning disability. Neurocognitive profiles were investigated, and verbal IQs of the patients with chronic motor tic disorder, Tourette's disorder and learning disability were 92.3±10.7, 94.7±14.9, 94.3±13.8, performance IQs 93.0±20.5, 97.5±13.0, 95.0±16.9 and full-scale IQs 91.9±20.1, 95.8±14.5, 93.9±15.1, respectively, which were found to be not significantly different. No difference was found in structural neurological abnormalities and EEG profiles. The patients with learning disabilities showed more common Bender-Gestalt test abnormalities. In conclusion, we have not found any affirmative clues for the division of chronic motor tic disorder and Tourette's disorder in clinical perspective. KEY WORDS : Tourette's disorder ㆍ Tic disorder ㆍ Classification ㆍ Clinical study.

학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생의 자아상 개념과 우울-불안 특성 조사

신성웅,김봉수,성덕규,정영,유희정,조수철 대한소아청소년정신의학회 2001 소아청소년정신의학 Vol.12 No.1

학습장애를 가진 86명의 초등학교 남학생과 52명의 정상적인 초등학교 남학생의 자아상과 우울,그리고 상태-특성 불안에 관하여 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도, 소아우울척도(이하 CDI), 상태-특성불안 척도(이하 STAI)를 이용하여 조사하였다. 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점에서는 두 군 사이에 차이가 발견되지 않았으나, 지적 및 학업 상태 항목과 신체적 외모, 행복과 만족 소척도에서는 두 군 사이에 의미 있는 차이가 관찰되었다. 소아우울척토의 총점과 그 소척도 중 부적합함, 무쾌감증, 부정적인 자기 존중 항목에서 학습장애 아동이 정상 아동보다 더 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 상태불안은 정상 아동보다 학습장애 아동에서 높게 보고되었으나 특성 불안에 대해서는 차이를 보이지 않았다. 정상 아동에서는 나이에 따른 자아상과 우울척도, 불안척도의 의리 있는 변화가 관찰되지 않았으나, 학습장애 아동에서는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도와 그 소척도의 대부분이 통계적으로 의미 있게 감소하였고, 소아우울척도의 부정적 감정과 무쾌감증, 부정적 자기 평가, 상태 불안, 특성 불안 등은 연령과 의미 있는 양의 상관관계를 나타내어서 학년이 올라갈수록 자아상은 저하되고 우울과 불만은 느끼는 강도와 범위가 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 두 군 모두에서 소아우울척도는 피어스-해리스 자아상 척도의 총점과 그 소척도들과 의미 있는 역의 상관관계를 나타내었고, 상태불안과 특성불안과는 정의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 조사 결과 학업과 관련된 자아상의 문제와 자신이 남들과 당당히 맞설 수 있는 자신감의 문제가 학습장애에서 더 많이 나타났고, 나이가 들수록 자아상이 저하되며 불안과 우울은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석 결과 학습장애 아동의 자아상을 설명하는 변수들로는 나이와 자아상 척도의 행동문제, 지적 및 학업상태, 불안, 인기도, 행동과 만족, 그리고 소아우울척도의 부적합함, 대인관계문제, 부정적 자기-존중 및 상태 불안인 것으로 드러나서 학습 장애 아동의 자아상은 학업 문제와 자신을 또래와 비교하여 겪는 스트레스로 인해 부정적인 영향을 받는다는 것이 확인되었다. 결론적으로 학습장애를 가진 초등학교 남학생은 정상 초등학교 남학생보다 자아상이 낮고 우울과 불안을 더 많이 느끼며, 이런 차이는 학년이 올라갈수록 커졌다. 학습장애에서 우울증과 불안 장애가 많이 동반되기 때문에 임상에서 학습장애 아동을 치료할 때 정서 장애의 동반 여부를 확인하고 이를 적극적으로 치료하는 것이 중요한 과제이다. 중심단어 : 학습장애 ㆍ 자아상 ㆍ 상태-특성 불안 ㆍ우울증. We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities (abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys (n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory (abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety In-ventory (abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achi-evement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual - school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness- satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly. KEY WORDS : Learning disability ㆍ Self-concept State ㆍ trait anxiety ㆍ Depression.

화재 피해를 입은 고 강도 철근 콘크리트 보의 보수 성능

신미경,신영수,이차돈,홍성걸,강지연 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

This paper is to evaluate practically the techniques and materials of repair for high strength concrete elements with fire damages as well as to investigate the structural behavior of beams according to pre- or post-repair after fire-damages. For this purpose, flexural specimens with high strength concrete were exposed to high temperatures by the ISO 834 specification. After natural cooling and post-fire-curing in a natural environment for 1 months, 6 specimens were loaded to failure after they were repaired with polymer cement mortar for 1 month curing.

학동기 이후의 성장 주기별 신장 및 체중 증가율에 관한 연구

신상만,박경배,박준수,김창휘 순천향의학연구소 1996 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.2 No.2

This study was carried out to know the growth rate of height and weight in Korean children which was conducted on semi-longitudinal research method. For this study, health records of the sample group that carry information for the period from their first grade of elementary school to the third grade of high school were used, 120 males and 120 females who became third grade of high school in 1994 were selected at random from each of the four cities; Seoul, Chonan, Kumi and Eumsung. Among 917 candidates, 460 males and 457 females born between March 1976 and December 1976 were finally selected as a sample for the purpose of this research. The results are as follows; 1. Measurement of the physique Both male and female samples showed constant growth in height and weight. Male grew from the range of 115.8±4.8㎝ at the age of 6 to 171.5±5.6㎝ at 17 while females grew from the range of 114.6±4.7㎝ to 158.9±5.1㎝. The Weight of males rose from the range of 19.9±2.5Kg at the age of 6 to 62.5 ±8.1Kg at 17 while that of females increased from the range of 19.3±2.4Kg to 54.1±6.9Kg. 2. Growth and Nutritional Indices The study revealed that relative weight of the sample group increased as they grew older. The Kaup index also showed an increase in line with the advancement in their ages, and exceeded 2.0 at the age of 15 for males and at the age of 14 for females. The Rohrer index, on the other hand, showed a declining trend for the first several years but began to increase at the age of 13 for males and at the age of 11 for females. 3. Comparative analysis with similar regardless that were performed using sample groups born in 1965 and 1970 revealed the followings; ① Height - The average height of male samples(born in 1976) under this survey was bigger than that of male samples born in 1965 in their respective age from 6 to 17. - The average height of male samples born in 1970 was bigger than that of male samples born in 1970 from 6 to 14 but showed no difference after 15. - Female samples born in 1976 showed height that was bigger than the other sample groups born in 1965 and 1970 in their respective age from 6 to 17. ② Weight Both male and female samples under this survey weighed more than their counterpart sample groups born in 1965 and 1970 in their respective age. 4. The Maximum Growth Age was 12.3 for males and 10.4 for females. Males grew 5.92±2.77㎝ a year on an average when they were 12 and 13 years old while females grew 5.93±2.69㎝ when they were 11 and 12 years old. In conclusion, the study revealed that like in other countries males and females experienced the second growth spurt during their adolescence and relatively slow growth thereafter. Unlike height which showed constant growth, weight varied; there were incidences where females even experienced weight loss after years of diminishing growth rate in the wake of the adolescence.

용인 안성지구 산사태와 파괴 형상에 관한 연구

신승목,김상규,장연수 동국대학교 대학원 1993 大學院硏究論集-東國大學校 大學院 Vol.23 No.-

본 논문에는 1991년 7월의 집중호우로 인해 많은 산사태가 발생한 용인·안성지역의 산사태 현장을 방문 조사를 실시한 결과를 토대로 우리나라의 산사태 발생요인과 파괴형상을 규명하였다. 표본지구의 지질암은 풍화된 편마암 및 편암이 주종을 이루고 주요 사면파괴형태는 평행활동파괴 및 토석류이었다. 평행활동파괴는 표토층이 1m내로 얕고 경사가 30˚이상인 사면의 산복부에서 발생한 반면 토석류는 대체로 길이가 길고 경사가 40˚~50˚로 급경사를 이루는 계곡부에서 발생하였는데 토석류발생이 시작된 산정상부에서는 소규모의 평행 또는 회전활동의 흔적이 발견되었다. 본 지역 식생의 뿌리 깊이는 표토의 두께와 거의 일치하고 파괴면도 표토와 기반암의 경계에서 발생하여 집중호우시 나무하중도 국내 지형 지질에서는 무시못할 요소이며 또한 큰 균열도 유수의 침투로를 제공하여 산사태 발생을 촉진시킨 것으로 판단되었다. This paper investigates the causes of the generation of domestic landslides and their representative failure shapes, based on the results of the reconnaissance of Youngin-Ansung region where enormous number of landslides occurred due to downpour in July, 1991. The geology of the site is mainly weathered schist and gneiss, and the representative failure patterns of the landslides are translational sliding and debris flow. The translational sliding failure is generated at the abdominal region of the mountain, of which the thickness of cover soil is less than 1m and its slope is greater than 30 degrees. On the other hand debris flow is generated in the valleys where their slopes are steep in between 40˚ and 55˚ and the travel distance of debris is quite long. At the summit area where debris flows were initiated, small sized translation or rotational failures were found. The thickness of the vegetation roots in the landslide area consists almost with that of the soil covers, and most failure planes are located at the boundary of cover soil and base rock. Hence, it can be recognized that the surcharge load due to vegetation accompanied with severe downpour can be a significant cause of domestic landslides. The macropores formed at these boundaries can also accelerate the initiation of landslides by accumulating the pore pressure in the pores.