Structural analysis of enniatin H, I, and MK1688 and beauvericin by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and their production by Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P

Song, H. -H.,Lee, H. -S.,Lee, G. -P.,Ha, S. -D.,Lee, C. Taylor Francis 2009 Food additives & contaminants. Part A. Chemistry, Vol.26 No.4

<P> The molecular structures of enniatins H, I, and MK1688 and beauvericin were investigated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MS fragmentation occurred by loss of -CO after opening of the cyclic molecule to carbonyl carbon, and cleavage of the peptide and ester bonds in the molecular structure. Fusarium oxysporum KFCC 11363P was tested for its ability to produce beauvericin and enniatins H, I, and MK1688 on five cereal substrates: rice, barley, maize, wheat, and Indian millet kernels. Furthermore, optimal conditions for the production of the four mycotoxins by the Fusarium isolate were examined on maize at four temperatures (15, 20, 25, and 30°C) and at three moisture contents (10, 20, and 40%). Large amounts of beauvericin and enniatin H were present in maize cultures at 25°C (232.4 and 196.4 µg g-1, respectively). Enniatins I and MK1688 were maximally formed at 20°C (221.5 and 180.2 µg g-1, respectively). The optimal moisture contents for the production of enniatins H (196.4 µg g-1) and MK1688 (165.6 µg g-1), were 40%.</P>

Experimental Pathogenesis of Pullorum Disease with the Local Isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies Pullorum in Pullets in Bangladesh

Haider, M.G.,Chowdhury, E.H.,Khan, M.A.H.N.A.,Hossain, M.T.,Rahman, M.S.,Song, H.J.,Hossain, M.M. The Korean Society of Poultry Science 2009 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.35 No.4

이 실험은 추백리의 병원성을 연구하고자 2006년 2월부터 12월까지 Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum 야외주를 분리한 후, 이를 건강한 닭에 실험적으로 감염시킨 다음 임상증상, 여러 기관의 육안 및 조직병리학적 검색과 아울러 공격주의 재분리와 동정을 시도하였다. S. Pullorum에 혈청학적으로 음성인 12주령의 100수의 암탉을 $A{\sim}E$까지 20수씩 5그룹으로 구분하였다. $A{\sim}DS$. Pullorum을 $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$로 각각 경구 감염시켰고, E는 비감염 대조군으로 삼았다. 실험 방법으로는 부검, 조직병리학적 검사, Salmonella에 대한 세균 배양, 염색, 생화학적 특성을 조사하고 그 결과를 기술하였다. The research work was carried out to study the pathogenesis covering the clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions in different organs, and reisolation and identification of the organisms after experimental infection with the local isolate of Salmonella enterica serovar. enterica subspecies (S.) Pullorum at different time interval of the experiment during the period February 2006 to December 2006. One hundred pullets (seronegative to S. Pullorum of 12 weeks age were purchased and divided into 5 (A, B, C, D and E) groups and each group consisted of 20 birds. Four groups (A, B, C and D) were infected orally with a dose of $10^6\;CFU$, $10^7\;CFU$, $2{\times}10^7\;CFU$, $10^8\;CFU$ of S. Pullorum, respectively, and one group (E) was treated as uninfected control. The used methods were necropsy and histopathology, culture of bacteria, staining and biochemical test of Salmonella. Five birds from each group were randomly selected and sacrificed $1^{st}$ week, $2^{nd}$, $3^{rd}$ and $4^{th}$ weeks of post infection (PI). From all the groups, the bacteriological samples (crop, liver, lung, heart, spleen, bile duodenum, ceca and blood) were collected with pre enriched in buffered peptone water in sterile poly bags. Liver, lungs, heart, spleen, intestine, etc. were collected in 10% buffered-formalin for histopathological examination. No clinical signs, gross and histopathological lesions were found in control group and no S. Pullorum was reisolated. Clinical sign of experimentally infected with S. Pullorum in pullets were loss of appetite (100%), slight depression (75%), ruffled feathers (85%), diarrhea (60%) and loss of weight (100%) in chickens. The feed intake and body weight at different weeks after PI differed significantly (p<0.01) among the groups. Grossly, the highest recorded lesion was button-like ulcer in the ceca (80%) and the lowest was white nodules in lungs (1.25%). S. Pullorum were reisolated from crop (91.25%), liver (91.25%), lung (83.75%), heart (71.25%), spleen (87.75%), bile (33.25%), duodenum (92.50%), ceca (97.50%) and from different group of infection (61.25%). The highest microscopic findings were intestinal and cecal mucosa and submucosa exhibited infiltration of mononuclear cells and congestion (96.25%), and the lowest finding was nodule formation in the lungs (3.75%). The pattern of the disease production by local isolate of S. Pullorum in Bangladesh is almost similar with other isolates in different countries.

Ciprofloxacin의 각종 감염증에 대한 임상효과에 관한 연구

강경호,송관규,유혜경,강숙경,김민자,박승철,김진호,김대원 대한감염학회 1987 감염 Vol.19 No.4

85 patients 37M and 48F, ranging in age between 18-75yrs(39±16), were treated with Ciprofloxacin at daily odse of 100㎎ bid Ⅳ (49) or 500㎎ bid p.o (30), or combined use (6) Infections included: pneumonia (19) bronchitis (15), pharyngotonilitis (1), GI tract infection (15), acute pyelonephritis (26), cystitis (2), sepsis (6), osteomyelitis (1). Severity and mode of infection were; severe 13, moderate 71, mild 1 and acute form 82, chronic 2, recurrent 1. Duration of symptoms before therapy was 4.8±4.5 days and total dose, Duration of Drug were Ⅳ: 2882±1018㎎ 7.1±2.4 dyas oral: 7167±1858㎎, 7.2±1.9 days Ⅳ and oral: 1600±858㎎/4500±1039㎎⁴±0.9/4.5±1.5 days. Isolated major organisms were; 1) pneumonia (19)-k. pneumonia (7), E. cloaceae (4), S. pneumonia(3), P. aeruginosa (2), 2) Bronchitis (15)-S. pneumonia (8), S. aureus (2), E. cloaceae (2), K. Oxytoca (2). 3) GI tract infection(15)-s. typhi (14), S. parathphi (1). 4) acute pyelonephritis (26)-E. coli (17), P. aeruginosa (4), Enterococcus (2), P. mirabilis (1). 5) cystitis (2)-E. coli (1), P. aeruginosa (1). 6) Sepsis (6)-E. coli (6), K. pneumonia (1). 7) osteomyelitis (1)-S. epidermis (1). Clinical result were resolution (64 case-75%), improvement (16-18.3%), undetermined (1-1.1%) failure (4-4.7%). Therapy result were as follows: 66 case (77.7%) were completely resolved 1 case of undetermined course in CVA with pyelonephritis. 14 case (16.5%) of partial response were 6 cases of RTI, 5 case of UTI, 5 case of thphoid fever underlying idsease; rectal cancer 1 Diabetes mellitus 4). 4 case (4.7%) of failure were 2E. coli pneunonia witn liver cirrhosis, 1 s. epidermis osteomyelitis with lymphoma and 1 enterococcus sepsis. Over all efficacy of therapy was 94.2% in 85 cases. Adverse reaction was observed in 1 patient which was fever and rash.

Oral Fluoropyrimidines (Capecitabine or S-1) and Cisplatin as First Line Treatment in Elderly Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study

Seol, Y. M.,Song, M. K.,Choi, Y. J.,Kim, G. H.,Shin, H. J.,Song, G. A.,Chung, J. S.,Cho, G. J. Oxford University Press 2009 Japanese journal of clinical oncology Vol.39 No.1

<P>BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of oral fluoropyrimidines and cisplatin therapy in elderly patients with untreated advanced gastric cancer (AGC) retrospectively. In addition, we evaluated the relative activity and toxicity of these agents in this patient population. METHODS: Clinical data from 72 patients with previously untreated AGC, who were treated with capecitabine/cisplatin and S-1/cisplatin, were reviewed. Oral fluoropyrimidines were administered orally twice a day on Days 1-14. The dose of capecitabine was 1250 mg/m(2) and that of S-1 was 50 mg [body surface area (BSA) < 1.5 m(3)] or 60 mg (BSA > 1.5 m(3)) twice a day. Cisplatin was administered intravenously on Day 1 (before the first dose of capecitabine or S-1) at a dose of 70 mg/m(2) over a 2 h period. The chemotherapy cycle was of 3 weeks (with oral capecitabine or S-1). RESULTS: Thirty-two and 40 patients received the S-1 and capecitabine regimens, respectively, and were included in the analysis. The S-1 protocol had a response rate of 40.6%, a median time-to-progression (TTP) of 5.4 months and a median survival of 9.6 months. The capecitabine had a response rate of 55%, a median TTP of 5.9 months and a median survival of 10.2 months. Each protocol had a similar incidence of Grade 3 or 4 adverse events. However, there was a higher rate of the hand-foot syndrome (6 versus 37%) and diarrhea (25 versus 32%) in the capecitabine group. CONCLUSION: Oral fluoropyrimidines and cisplatin in elderly patients with untreated AGC showed encouraging results. The treatment was well tolerated with a manageable toxicity profile. The comparison of S-1 with capecitabine showed that capecitabine had a slightly higher response rate (statistically not significant) in addition to a higher rate of adverse events such as the hand-foot syndrome and diarrhea. These data should be warranted with further prospective studies.</P>

인슐린 비의존성 당뇨병 동물모델에서 미토콘드리아 DNA 복제수의 감소

송지현,임선희,김영미,한복기,이홍규,박경수,Suzuki, S. 국립보건연구원 1999 국립보건원보 Vol.36 No.-

Characteristics of cefazolin inoculum effect-positive methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus infection in a multicentre bacteraemia cohort

Song, K. H.,Jung, S. I.,Lee, S.,Park, S.,Kiem, S. M.,Lee, S. H.,Kwak, Y. G.,Kim, Y. K.,Jang, H. C.,Kim, Y. S. Springer Science + Business Media 2017 European journal of clinical microbiology & infect Vol.36 No.2

<P>Cefazolin treatment failure has been observed in high-inoculum infections caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) with a cefazolin inoculum effect (CIE). However, data on the characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of CIE-positive MSSA infection are scarce. CIE positivity was measured as an MIC a 16 mu g/ml with a high inoculum (similar to 5 x 10(7) CFU/ml). The blaZ gene type was assessed through sequence analysis. The clinical characteristics and risk factors for the acquisition of CIE-positive MSSA infection were assessed. The association between the antimicrobial susceptibility profile and CIE positivity was evaluated. A total of 303 MSSA bacteraemia cases and their corresponding isolates were collected from ten hospitals: 61 (20.1 %) isolates showed a positive CIE; 254 (83.8 %) were positive for the blaZ gene. No significant association was found between CIE positivity and the site of infection. Metastatic cancer (aOR 2.86, 95 % CI, 1.10-7.48) and recent (a 1 month) close contact with a chronically ill patient (aOR 4.69, 95 % CI, 1.76-12.50) were identified as significant risk factors for CIE-positive MSSA infection through multivariate analyses. Resistances to clindamycin (OR 3.55, 95 % CI, 1.62-7.80) and erythromycin (OR 5.00, 95 % CI, 2.50-9.99) were associated with CIE positivity, presenting high specificity (92.9 %) and a negative predictive value (82.3 %). CIE-positive MSSA constituted approximately one-fifth of MSSA bacteraemia cases. Although CIE positivity was not clinically discernible, CIE positivity was associated with clindamycin or erythromycin susceptibility. Therefore, our findings suggest that cefazolin can be used in the treatment of high-inoculum MSSA infection if the isolates are susceptible to clindamycin or erythromycin.</P>

High-level extracellular production and characterization of Candida antarctica lipase B in Pichia pastoris

Eom, G.T.,Lee, S.H.,Song, B.K.,Chung, K.W.,Kim, Y.W.,Song, J.K. Society for Bioscience and Bioengineering, Japan ; 2013 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.116 No.2

The gene encoding lipase B from Candida antarctica (CalB) was expressed in Pichia pastoris after it was synthesized by the recursive PCR and cloned into the Pichia expression plasmid, pPICZαA. The CalB was successfully secreted in the recombinant P. pastoris strain X-33 with an apparent molecular weight of 34 kDa. For 140 h flask culture, the dry cell weight and the extracellular lipase activity reached at 5.4 g/l and 57.9 U/l toward p-nitrophenyl palmitate, respectively. When we performed the fed-batch fermentation using a methanol feeding strategy for 110 h, the dry cell weight and the extracellular lipase activity were increased to 135.7 g/l and 11,900 U/l; the CalB protein concentration was 1.18 g/l of culture supernatant. The characteristics of CalB recovered from the P. pastoris culture were compared with the commercial form of CalB produced in Aspergillus oryzae. The kinetic constants and specific activity, the effects of activity and stability on temperature and pH, the glycosylation extent, the degree of immobilization on macroporous resin and the yield of esterification reaction between oleic acid and n-butanol were almost identical to each other. Therefore, we successfully proved that the Pichia-based expression system for CalB in this study was industrially promising compared with one of the most efficient production systems.

A nationwide survey and emission estimates of cyclic and linear siloxanes through sludge from wastewater treatment plants in Korea

Lee, S.,Moon, H.B.,Song, G.J.,Ra, K.,Lee, W.C.,Kannan, K. Elsevier Pub.Co 2014 Science of the Total Environment Vol.497 No.-

Siloxanes are widely used in various industrial applications as well as in personal care products. Despite their widespread use and potential toxic effects, few studies have reported on the occurrence of siloxanes in the environment. In this study, we determined the concentrations of 5 cyclic and 15 linear siloxanes in sludge collected from 40 representative wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Korea. Total concentrations of 20 siloxanes (Σsiloxane) in sludge ranged from 0.05 to 142 (mean: 45.7) μg/g dry weight, similar to the concentrations reported in European countries but higher than those reported in China. The concentrations of siloxanes in sludge from domestic WWTPs were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those from industrial WWTPs, indicating higher consumption of siloxanes in various personal care products (e.g. shampoos and conditioners). The major siloxane compounds found in sludge were decamethylcyclopentasilane (D5), docosamethyldecasiloxane (L10) and dodecamethylcyclohexasilane (D6), which collectively accounted for, on average, 62% of the Σsiloxane concentrations. Non-parametric multidimensional scaling ordination of the profiles of siloxanes indicated the existence of different usage patterns of siloxanes between industrial and household activities. Multiple linear regression analysis of siloxane concentrations and WWTP characteristics suggested that D5, D6 and linear siloxane concentrations in sludge were positively correlated with population served by a WWTP. Environmental emission fluxes of cyclic and linear siloxanes through sludge disposal in Korea were 14,800 and 18,500kg/year, respectively. This is the first report describing occurrence and environmental emission of siloxanes through sludge in Korea.

점진성형기술을 이용한 건축용 작업 발판의 개발

홍성훈(S. H. Hong),이승욱(S. J. Lee),누엑늑뚜안(D. T. Nguyen),김갑득(G. D. Kim),송성훈(S. H. Song),김영석(Y. S. Kim) 한국소성가공학회 2010 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.5

The incremental sheet forming (ISF) method is known as valuable tools to make a rapid prototype which can be observed the forming shape and also able to re-design the part based on the requirements. In this study, we have applied the ISF to prototype of walkway and stair step used in factories and architecture fields. CAD model of walkway and stair step is initially designed and imported to CAM software to model and generate G-code files. These files are imported to CNC machine to make a female die and subsequently producing the prototype of walkway and stair step by using the ISF. The major safety requirement is to avoid permanent deflection due to low stiffness and the slip of passenger while walking on the metal walkway. If the part is not able to satisfy given requirements, then the design should be modified. After we got experience with more trial, the best shape, which was obtained by incremental sheet forming process, will be applied to actual manufacturing of walkway and stair step by punching and stamping process.

간호전공과 비 간호전공 여대생의 모유수유 지식과 태도, 실천 지속 의지에 대한 연구

김수정,김희진,동민영,박소민,송예슬,이고은,이승만,장지은,정유진,최예슬 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2013 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.47

Purpose: This study was conducted as benchmark to improve breast-feeding educational programs by comparing knowledge, attitude, and practical volition between female nursing college students and non-nursing college students. Method: The survey was conducted on 236 female students from ‘E’ and ‘Y’ Universities which were located in Seoul. The sample consisted of 114 nursing and 122 non-nursing college students. The data were collected using self-administered questionnaires from October 25 to December 17, 2012. The collected data were analyze dusing SPSS20.0. Result: The nursing college students’ level of knowledge, attitude and practical volition toward breast feeding was higher than non-nursing college students. There was positive correlation between knowledge and practical volition and attitude and practical volition about breast-feeding in nursing college students. But non-nursing college students had positive correlation between knowledge and attitude, and knowledge and practical volition about breast-feeding. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, there was a correlation between knowledge, attitude, and practical volition toward breast feeding. It was suggested that technical knowledge of breast feeding be offered to female college students, as well as nursing college students. It could help them have the right information on breast feeding. It was also suggested that educational programs to reinforce emotional⋅practical attitude based on the knowledge of breast feeding be developed. Also, this study suggested that female students get their practical education in breast feeding under any circumstances with the practical volition to breast feed. Improving the knowledge, attitude, and the practical volition toward breast feeding, will increase the rate of breast feeding.