Results from the Survey of Antibiotic Resistance (SOAR) 2012–14 in Thailand, India, South Korea and Singapore

Torumkuney, D.,Chaiwarith, R.,Reechaipichitkul, W.,Malatham, K.,Chareonphaibul, V.,Rodrigues, C.,Chitins, D. S.,Dias, M.,Anandan, S.,Kanakapura, S.,Park, Y. J.,Lee, K.,Lee, H.,Kim, J. Y.,Lee, Y.,Lee, Oxford University Press 2016 The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy Vol.71 No.suppl1

<P>Objectives: To provide susceptibility data for community-acquired respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis collected in 2012-14 from four Asian countries. Methods: MICs were determined using Etest (R) for all antibiotics except erythromycin, which was evaluated by disc diffusion. Susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. For macrolide/clindamycin interpretation, breakpoints were adjusted for incubation in CO2 where available. Results: Susceptibility of S. pneumoniae was generally lower in South Korea than in other countries. Penicillin susceptibility assessed using CLSI oral or EUCAST breakpoints ranged from21.2% in South Korea to 63.8% in Singapore. In contrast, susceptibility using CLSI intravenous breakpointswasmuch higher, at 79% in South Korea and similar to 95% or higher elsewhere. Macrolide susceptibilitywas similar to 20% in South Korea and similar to 50%-60% elsewhere. Among S. pyogenes isolates (India only), erythromycin susceptibility (similar to 20%) was lowest of the antibiotics tested. In H. influenzae antibiotic susceptibility was high except for ampicillin, where susceptibility ranged from 16.7% in South Korea to 91.1% in India. South Korea also had a high percentage (18.1%) of beta-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant isolates. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid susceptibility for each pathogen (PK/PD high dose) was between 93% and 100% in all countries except for H. influenzae in South Korea (62.5%). Conclusions: Use of EUCAST versus CLSI breakpoints had profound differences for cefaclor, cefuroxime and ofloxacin, with EUCASTshowing lower susceptibility. Therewas considerable variability in susceptibilityamong countries in the same region. Thus, continued surveillance is necessary to track future changes in antibiotic resistance.</P>

Carcass Characteristics of Goats Fed Ammoniated Neem (Azadirachta indica) Seed Kernel Cake

S.Anandan,L.M.Musalia,V.R.B.Sastry,D.K.Agrawal 아세아·태평양축산학회 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.10

Cardioprotective Effect of Squalene on Lipid Profile in Isoprenaline-Induced Myocardial Infarction in Rats

R. Anandan,K.H. Sabeena Farvin,S. Hari Senthil Kumar,K.S. Shiny,Suseela Mathew,T.V. Sankar,P.G. Viswanathan Nair 한국식품영양과학회 2006 Journal of medicinal food Vol.9 No.4

We studied the cardioprotective effect of squalene on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in male al-bino rats with respect to changes in the levels of lipid components in plasma and heart tissue. Prior administration of 2% squa-lene in feed for 45 days significantly reduced the isoprenaline-induced elevation in the levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, andfree fatty acids in plasma and heart tissue of rats following myocardial infarction. It exerted an anitlipidemic effect by re-ducing the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with a parallel rise in the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterolin plasma of experimental rats. A tendency to prevent the isoprenaline-induced depletion of phospholipids in the myocardiumof experimental rats was also observed. In the present study, the pretreatment with squalene significantly counteracted the iso-prenaline-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the rats at near normal status. The results of the present study indicatethat the overall cardioprotective effect of squalene is probably related to an inhibition of lipid accumulation by its hypolipi-demic properties and/or its antioxidant properties.

Photocatalytic oxidation of ceftiofur sodium under UV–visible irradiation using plasmonic porous Ag-TiO2 nanospheres

N. Pugazhenthiran,S. Murugesan,H. Valdés,M. Selvaraj,P. Sathishkumar,P.G. Smirniotis,S. Anandan,R.V. Mangalaraja 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.105 No.-

In this study, 250 nm sized porous anatase TiO2 nanospheres (TiO2 NSPs) composed of 10 nm sized anataseTiO2 nanoparticles are obtained through a green synthetic route and their surfaces have been decoratedwith 3–4 nm sized plasmonic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Photoluminescence studies confirm thatthe AgNPs presence on TiO2 NSPs surface effectively inhibits the radiative charge recombination and thusfacilitates charge separation process at the Ag-TiO2 NSPs interface, causing an enhanced photocatalyticactivity. About 92% of the ceftiofur sodium (CFS) antibiotic taken initially is oxidized by Ag-TiO2 NSPsupon 90 min white light irradiation, while Ag loaded Degussa P25 TiO2 nanoparticles effects only 71%CFS oxidation. The synergistic effect given by plasmonic AgNPs and the continuous framework of anataseTiO2 NPs contributes to inhibit the electron-hole recombination in the Ag-TiO2 NSPs. Oxidation productsof CFS in different water sources and their eco-toxicity effects identified through LC-MS and microtoxbioassays,respectively, indicate that the obtained oxidation products are non-toxic compared to pureCFS. Therefore, porous Ag-TiO2 NSPs could be successfully applied in photocatalytic oxidation technologies,exploiting sunlight for the effective removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from wastewater.

Effect of Mg/Co on the properties of CdS thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique

R. Murugesan,S. Sivakumar,K. Karthik,P. Anandan,M. Haris 한국물리학회 2019 Current Applied Physics Vol.19 No.10

Mg, Co doped and (Mg, Co) co-doped CdS thin films were prepared using chemical spray pyrolysis method. It is observed from the X-ray diffraction study that the deposited film exhibit cubic phase of CdS with preferred orientation along the (111) plane and incorporation of Mg and Co has been confirmed form energy dispersive analysis and XPS analysis as well. The doped and codoped CdS thin films exhibit 1LO and 2LO vibrations as confirmed by Raman spectrum. The core level XPS spectra ensures the incorporation of doping elements precisely. The morphological variations due to the incorporation of Co and Mg in CdS thin films have been observed by FE-SEM. The particle sizes and crystalline nature have been revealed from HRTEM images and corresponding SAED patterns. The co-doped CdS thin films show a significant shift blue in absorption spectrum. Improved magnetic properties have been observed for the co-doped CdS thin films

Effect of Replacement of Groundnut Cake with Urea-treated Neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss) Seed Kernel Cake on Nutrient Utilisation in Lambs

Musalia, L.M.,Anandan, S.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Katiyar, R.C.,Agrawal, D.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.9

The effect of urea treatment on chemical composition of neem seed kernel cake (NSKC) was investigated by soaking the cake in 2.1% urea solution (1.2 l $kg^{-1}$ NSKC) for five days. The effect on utilisation of nutrients by replacing groundnut cake (GNC) (30%) with urea-treated neem seed kernel cake (UTNSKC) (33%) in a concentrate mixture fed to meet 70% of the protein requirements of lambs (8 males and 8 females), was monitored in a digestibility study. Following urea treatment of NSKC only 9.5% of urea was hydrolysed and the crude protein content of the cake was increased by 6.65%. The tannin content in depulped neem seeds was 37% catechin equivalent. Whereas feeding UTNSKC had no effect on intake of dry matter (72.5 vs 66.3 g/kg $BW^{0.75}day^{-1}$) and digestibility of crude fibre (41.3 vs 43.4%), the cake depressed (p<0.01) the percent digestibility of dry matter (63.7 vs 70.2), crude protein (63.2 vs 70.2), nitrogen free extract (73.8 vs 80.5) and gross energy (64.3 vs 69.1). Digestibility of ether extract (75.8 vs 70.9%) was higher (p<0.05) in animals offered UTNSKC. The nutritive value of the composite ration consumed by lambs offered UTNSKC was lower (p<0.01) in terms of total digestible nutrients (64.7 vs 70.2%) and digestible energy (2.8 vs 3.0 Kcal/g DM). Intake of digestible energy (199.8 vs 194.1 Kcal/kg $BW^{0.75}day^{-1}$) and retention of nitrogen (7.53 vs 8.23 g $day^{-1}$) and calcium (2.12 vs 1.84 g $day^{-1}$) were comparable on the 2 rations. Animals fed UTNSKC retained less (p<0.01) phosphorus (0.37 vs 1.05 g $day^{-1}$). The results indicate that urea treatment increased the protein level of NSKC whereas feeding the treated cake as a replacement of GNC, lowered the digestibility of nutrients and retention of phosphorus.