Identification of the Anopheles gambiae ATP-binding Cassette Transporter Superfamily Genes

Charles W. Roth,Inge Holm,Marine Graille,Pierre Dehoux,Andrey Rzhetsky,Patrick Wincker,Jean Weissenbach,Paul T. Brey 한국분자세포생물학회 2003 Molecules and cells Vol.15 No.2

THE ROLE OF PRODUCT ETHNICITY IN HOME COUNTRY BIAS

Peter Mathias Fischer,Katharina P. Zeugner-Roth 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.7

Research on country-of-origin (COO) effects, or the impact that stereotyped perceptions about nations have on product evaluations and purchase intentions (Nebenzahl, Jaffe, and Lampert 1997), has been heralded as one of the most widely researched topics in international marketing. Whereas the vast majority of studies focused on the general image of a country that triggers the COO effect (Roth and Diamantopoulos 2009; Usunier and Cestre 2007), in light of recent criticisms (e.g., Samiee 2010; 2011; Usunier 2006; 2011), latest literature takes on a narrower perspective by arguing that a company can primarily benefit from the COO effect if consumers believe that the country is a prototypical origin of products in that category (e.g., Switzerland for watches, France for fashion, Germany for engineering). This concept is also referred to as product ethnicity, or the extent of product-country matches (Roth and Romeo 1992; Tseng and Balabanis 2011; Usunier and Cestre 2007). Apart from country characteristics, recent research suggests to consider consumer characteristics at the same time (Josiassen 2011; Riefler, Diamantopoulos, and Siguaw 2012). Indeed, some scholars even argue that COO only matters for certain consumer segments such as ethnocentric consumers (Samiee 2010; 2011). For ethnocentric consumers, knowing the origin of the products they purchase is important because not buying domestic is considered as inappropriate because it causes harm to the domestic economy (Shimp and Sharma 1987). This research aims to clarify how product ethnicity as a form of typicality influences and interacts with consumer ethnocentrism on preferences for domestic products. A controlled experiment with data drawn from a representative US household panel indicates that COO does matter, but, as expected, is contingent on both product typicality and consumer ethnocentrism. Based on realistic choices among several rental car options with varying degrees of typicality, we find that product typicality moderates the impact of consumer ethnocentrism on preferences towards domestic such that domestic country bias will be particularly strong when foreign products have a higher typicality. Furthermore, consumers prefer foreign products with a high typicality over foreign products with a low typicality if they are not ethnocentric. While such behaviour is rational, consumer ethnocentrism eventually neutralizes and even reverses the influence of foreign typicality on consumers’ preferences in that highly ethnocentric consumers rather choose foreign products of lower typicality than foreign products of higher typicality. The main contribution of our paper is three-fold. On the theoretical front, our paper extends research on home country bias and product ethnicity by offering insights related to the boundary conditions of COO effects, in light of special consumer segments such as ethnocentric consumers. On the methodological front, we offer an innovative way of analyzing COO effects that can overcome many criticisms raised on extant COO research. We thus offer a solution to Samiee’s (2009) call for more research using ecologically appropriate designs when analyzing COO effects. Finally, our paper has clear managerial implications. More concretely, our findings imply that also firms originating from countries with a favorable origin have to be careful when actively marketing their origin abroad, as they might be rejected by certain consumer segments.

THE ROLE OF PRODUCT ETHNICITY IN HOME COUNTRY BIAS

Peter Mathias Fischer,Katharina P. Zeugner-Roth 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.1

Research on country-of-origin (COO) effects, or the impact that stereotyped perceptions about nations have on product evaluations and purchase intentions (Nebenzahl, Jaffe, and Lampert 1997), has been heralded as one of the most widely researched topics in international marketing. Whereas the vast majority of studies focused on the general image of a country that triggers the COO effect (Roth and Diamantopoulos 2009; Usunier and Cestre 2007), in light of recent criticisms (e.g., Samiee 2010; 2011; Usunier 2006; 2011), latest literature takes on a narrower perspective by arguing that a company can primarily benefit from the COO effect if consumers believe that the country is a prototypical origin of products in that category (e.g., Switzerland for watches, France for fashion, Germany for engineering). This concept is also referred to as product ethnicity, or the extent of product-country matches (Roth and Romeo 1992; Tseng and Balabanis 2011; Usunier and Cestre 2007). Apart from country characteristics, recent research suggests to consider consumer characteristics at the same time (Josiassen 2011; Riefler, Diamantopoulos, and Siguaw 2012). Indeed, some scholars even argue that COO only matters for certain consumer segments such as ethnocentric consumers (Samiee 2010; 2011). For ethnocentric consumers, knowing the origin of the products they purchase is important because not buying domestic is considered as inappropriate because it causes harm to the domestic economy (Shimp and Sharma 1987). This research aims to clarify how product ethnicity as a form of typicality influences and interacts with consumer ethnocentrism on preferences for domestic products. A controlled experiment with data drawn from a representative US household panel indicates that COO does matter, but, as expected, is contingent on both product typicality and consumer ethnocentrism. Based on realistic choices among several rental car options with varying degrees of typicality, we find that product typicality moderates the impact of consumer ethnocentrism on preferences towards domestic such that domestic country bias will be particularly strong when foreign products have a higher typicality. Furthermore, consumers prefer foreign products with a high typicality over foreign products with a low typicality if they are not ethnocentric. While such behaviour is rational, consumer ethnocentrism eventually neutralizes and even reverses the influence of foreign typicality on consumers’ preferences in that highly ethnocentric consumers rather choose foreign products of lower typicality than foreign products of higher typicality. The main contribution of our paper is three-fold. On the theoretical front, our paper extends research on home country bias and product ethnicity by offering insights related to the boundary conditions of COO effects, in light of special consumer segments such as ethnocentric consumers. On the methodological front, we offer an innovative way of analyzing COO effects that can overcome many criticisms raised on extant COO research. We thus offer a solution to Samiee’s (2009) call for more research using ecologically appropriate designs when analyzing COO effects. Finally, our paper has clear managerial implications. More concretely, our findings imply that also firms originating from countries with a favorable origin have to be careful when actively marketing their origin abroad, as they might be rejected by certain consumer segments.

Teaching and Learning Proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem during Distance Learning and in the Flipped Classroom

Rothe Jennifer 대한수학교육학회 2022 수학교육학연구 Vol.32 No.4

This paper presents the findings of two design research cycles on learning and teaching different proofs of the Pythagorean theorem in German secondary schools during distance learning in the first research cycle and a flipped classroom in the second research cycle. The study explores students’ difficulties when learning proofs in the different scenarios by analyzing students’ proof schemes, occurring error patterns, the students’ descriptions of their proof comprehension, and evaluations of the learning scenarios. The findings indicate that typical difficulties occur less in the flipped setting, especially for students with a low or average level of prior knowledge. Further analysis of the evaluation of the learning activities suggests that this can be attributed to the implemented adaptations of the learning scenario when changing it from a distance learning setting to a flipped learning setting, in particular, the opportunity to work collaboratively and direct support the teacher. These results have implications regarding the potential of the flipped classroom as a way for educators to integrate instructional approaches they developed during the COVID-19 pandemic into their in-person teaching in the future.

Salicylated Revisited : Are They Still the Hallmark of Anti-Inflammatory Therapy?

Roth, Sanford H. Medical Publications Korea 1988 Medical Progress Vol.10 No.11

Nonlocal Transport in the Quantum Spin Hall State

Roth, A.,Brune, C.,Buhmann, H.,Molenkamp, L. W.,Maciejko, J.,Qi, X.-L.,Zhang, S.-C. American Association for the Advancement of Scienc 2009 Science Vol.325 No.5938

<P>Nonlocal transport through edge channels holds great promise for low-power information processing. However, edge channels have so far only been demonstrated to occur in the quantum Hall regime, at high magnetic fields. We found that mercury telluride quantum wells in the quantum spin Hall regime exhibit nonlocal edge channel transport at zero external magnetic field. The data confirm that the quantum transport through the (helical) edge channels is dissipationless and that the contacts lead to equilibration between the counterpropagating spin states at the edge. The experimental data agree quantitatively with the theory of the quantum spin Hall effect. The edge channel transport paves the way for a new generation of spintronic devices for low-power information processing.</P>

Hetero-Telechelic Dye-Labeled Polymer for Nanoparticle Decoration

Roth, Peter J.,Kim, Ki-Se,Bae, Su Hak,Sohn, Byeong-Hyeok,Theato, Patrick,Zentel, Rudolf WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular Rapid Communications Vol.30 No.14

<P>The synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) exhibiting one fluorescent dye (Texas Red) and one methyl disulfide end group is described. It is shown that the latter end group enabled the exchange of both oleic amine on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and of oleic acid on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QD), allowing for a phase transfer of both types of nanoparticles (NP) from hexane into dimethylformamide due to the solubility provided by the PMMA chains. For AuNP, a fluorescence quenching of the dye was found due to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the dye to the AuNP, while QDs caused a fluorescence enhancement by FRET from the QD to the attached dyes. Due to the hetero-telechelic geometry of the polymer, the separation between NP and dye is governed by the end-to-end distance of the polymer.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900254-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900254-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A PMMA with a methyl disulfide and a fluorescent dye end group, synthesized by the RAFT process was used to functionalize the surfaces of gold nanoparticles and of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots. The fluorescence of the dye was quenched when tethered to gold nanoparticles, while quantum dots caused an increased dye emission. <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900254-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900254-content'> </P>

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases for 10 Causes, 1990 to 2015

Roth, Gregory A.,Johnson, Catherine,Abajobir, Amanuel,Abd-Allah, Foad,Abera, Semaw Ferede,Abyu, Gebre,Ahmed, Muktar,Aksut, Baran,Alam, Tahiya,Alam, Khurshid,Alla, Franç,ois,Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Elsevier Biomedical 2017 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.70 No.1

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remains unclear in many regions of the world.</P><P><B>Objectives</B></P><P>The GBD (Global Burden of Disease) 2015 study integrated data on disease incidence, prevalence, and mortality to produce consistent, up-to-date estimates for cardiovascular burden.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>CVD mortality was estimated from vital registration and verbal autopsy data. CVD prevalence was estimated using modeling software and data from health surveys, prospective cohorts, health system administrative data, and registries. Years lived with disability (YLD) were estimated by multiplying prevalence by disability weights. Years of life lost (YLL) were estimated by multiplying age-specific CVD deaths by a reference life expectancy. A sociodemographic index (SDI) was created for each location based on income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>In 2015, there were an estimated 422.7 million cases of CVD (95% uncertainty interval: 415.53 to 427.87 million cases) and 17.92 million CVD deaths (95% uncertainty interval: 17.59 to 18.28 million CVD deaths). Declines in the age-standardized CVD death rate occurred between 1990 and 2015 in all high-income and some middle-income countries. Ischemic heart disease was the leading cause of CVD health lost globally, as well as in each world region, followed by stroke. As SDI increased beyond 0.25, the highest CVD mortality shifted from women to men. CVD mortality decreased sharply for both sexes in countries with an SDI >0.75.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>CVDs remain a major cause of health loss for all regions of the world. Sociodemographic change over the past 25 years has been associated with dramatic declines in CVD in regions with very high SDI, but only a gradual decrease or no change in most regions. Future updates of the GBD study can be used to guide policymakers who are focused on reducing the overall burden of noncommunicable disease and achieving specific global health targets for CVD.</P>

SURFACE WAVES IN SOLAR GRANULATION OBSERVED WITH SUNRISE

Roth, M.,Franz, M.,Bello Gonzá,lez, N.,Martí,nez Pillet, V.,Bonet, J. A.,Gandorfer, A.,Barthol, P.,Solanki, S. K.,Berkefeld, T.,Schmidt, W.,del Toro Iniesta, J. C.,Domingo, V.,Knö,lker IOP Publishing 2010 ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS - Vol.723 No.2

Nanocarbonic transparent conductive films

Roth, Siegmar,Park, Hye Jin Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Chemical Society reviews Vol.39 No.7

<P>This <I>tutorial review</I> discusses the contradictory material properties of electrical conductivity and optical transparency for the examples of graphene films and carbon nanotube networks. It is argued that for homogeneous films both properties are linked by basic laws of physics and that for perfect monoatomic layers conductivity and transparency can be calculated from the fine structure constant. To beat these limitations, inhomogeneous films are required, such as graphene with an array of holes or nanotube networks. An overview is given on literature values of transparency and conductivity, both for graphene films and for nanotube networks.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Light emitting diode behind electrically contacted large area graphene film to demonstrate transparency and conductivity at the same time. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c003813j'> </P>