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RISS 인기검색어
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- 저자 : Robert Lang (검색결과 5 건)
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The origin, evolution, and application of the megapolitan area concept
Robert E. Lang,임재원,Karen A. Danielsen 서울시립대학교 도시과학연구원 2020 도시과학국제저널 Vol.24 No.1
The article explores the origin and evolution of the ‘megapolitan concept', the idea of a super-sized region that began in 1961 in Jean Gottmann's ‘megalopolis,' which he developed to explain large-scale urbanization in the Northeastern U.S. Jerome Picard, a researcher at the Urban Land Institute took up the megalopolis idea in 1967 and applied it to the entire U.S. and projected large-scale urban growth to 2000. The Regional Plan Association (RPA) also applied the megalopolis concept to The Second Regional Plan for New York in 1968. Lang in 2000s, then working with his colleagues at Virginia Tech developed the megapolitan concept and definition-in part to differential the concept from work being done by the University of Pennsylvania for RPA. Lang defined ‘megapolitan clusters’ as multiple megapolitan areas that are networked either by commuting, logistics, or dense air links, but where there is no more than three times the distance used to define a Megapolitan Area between anchor metropolitan areas at their furthest distance. The recent evolution of megapolitan area and megapolitan cluster concepts by Lang and the colleagues is applied to a series of projects, including ‘Sun Corridor’ in 2006 (Phoenix-Tucson) and the Southwest Triangle (SoCal-Sun Corridor-Las Vegas) in 2014. The article ends with the future application of megapolitan area concept in the rapidly growing Southwest Triangle megapolitan cluster.
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Thilo Lang,Robert Nadler 한국노동연구원 2015 국제노동브리프 Vol.13 No.8
초국가적 프로젝트“ 리턴(Re-Turn)”의 컨소시엄에서는 유럽 내 귀환 이주 분야에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 기존의 귀환 대책에 관한 문헌 연구, 1,913명의 중부유럽 이주노동자를 대상으로 한 온라인 여론조사, 중부유럽 비도시 지역의 기업 및 기업연합 대표 109명과의 면담 내용을 바탕으로, 리턴 프로젝트의 파트너들은 귀환 이주 지원 대책을 수립하고 개선하기 위한 제안들을 구체화하였다. 이 글은 리턴 컨소시엄이 실시한 연구의 주요 결과들을 소개한다. 귀환 이주 지원대책이 해외에 있는 대상 집단에 전달되도록 하고 성공적인 귀환 이주노동자들의 긍정적 경험을 귀환을 희망하는 이주노동자들에게 널리 알리기 위해서는 더욱 효율적인 정보전달 전략이 필요하다는 주장이 제기되었다. 또한 사용자들도 귀환 대책에 참여하여야 이주노동자들이 귀환 후에 출신지역의 노동시장에 안정적으로 재편입될 수 있다. 끝으로, 정책 입안자들과 이해관계자들이 귀환 이주 정책을 수립하고자 할 때에는, 이주의 순환성 증가와 함께, 귀환 이주노동자들에게 긍정적 차별로 작용하는 귀환 대책의 규범적 측면을 고려해야 한다.
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Karol, Meryl H.,Matheson, Joanna M.,Lange, Robert W.,Lemus, Ranulfo,Luster, Michael I. The Korean Society of Toxicology Korea Environment 2001 Toxicological Research Vol.17 No.-
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is widely used in the manufacture of polyurethanes and is a recognized cause of occupational asthma. Although extensive investigations have been undertaken, the molecular mechanism(s) of the disease is still unclear. We hypothesized that inflammatory cytokines are required during both the sensitization and elicitation phases of the disease and have utilized TNF-R knock-out (KO) mice to address the hypothesis. Black C57 TNFR knock-out mice were exposed to TDI by sc injection and challenged by inhalation of 100 ppb TDI vapor. Control animals included: wild type C57 animals, sham-exposed animals that were challenged with TDI, and animals that were injected with anti-TNF antibodies prior to sensitization and again prior to challenge. Total IgE was increased in the knock-out animals compared with the wild type sensitized and challenged animals whereas TDI-specific IgG antibodies did not differ significantly in KO and wild type animals. There was less inflammation in the nares and trachea in KO animals compared with the wild type animals exposed to TD1 as well as less goblet cell hyperplasia and epithelial damage. Airway reactivity was assessed in animals treated with anti-TNF$\alpha$ antibody and found to be substantially reduced compared with that in sensitized and challenged animals. These results indicate that TNF$\alpha$ plays a role in the immunologic and physiologic responses and in airways inflammation in this animal model and suggests a role for TNF in occupational asthma due to TDI.
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Extensive Mammalian Ancestry of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Virus
Ilyushina, Natalia A.,Kim, Jeong-Ki,Negovetich, Nicholas J.,Choi, Young-Ki,Lang, Victoria,Bovin, Nicolai V.,Forrest, Heather L.,Song, Min-Suk,Pascua, Philippe Noriel Q.,Kim, Chul-Joong,Webster, Robert Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2010 Emerging infectious diseases Vol.16 No.2
<P>We demonstrate that the novel pandemic influenza (H1N1) viruses have human virus–like receptor specificity and can no longer replicate in aquatic waterfowl, their historic natural reservoir. The biological properties of these viruses are consistent with those of their phylogenetic progenitors, indicating longstanding adaptation to mammals.</P>
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김필남(Pilnam Kim),김덕호(Deok-Ho Kim),김병규(Byungkyu Kim),최성규(Seung Kyu Choi),이상호(Sang Ho Lee),Ali Khademhossei,Robert Lang,서갑양(Kahp Y. Suh) 대한기계학회 2005 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2005 No.5
We developed a method for fabricating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) nanostructures using capillary lithography mediated UV exposure. A PEG dimethacrylate (PEG-DMA) was used for crosslinking, which could be applied to other PEG polymers having a crosslinking group. In comparison to unstructured, planar PEG films, the hydrophobicity was significantly enhanced on PEG nanostructures presumably due to embedded air in the nanostructures, as confirmed by contact angle measurements of water. A number of proteins and cells were tested to examine the effects of the modification of surface properties on protein adsorption and cell adhesion. It was found that proteins and cells adhered on a nanostructured PEG surface slightly higher than on a bare PEG film, but much less than on glass control, which could be attributed to the increased surface area and hydrophobicity.
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