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- 저자 : Robert Iljic (검색결과 3 건)
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Le Nombre et la Personne : Le Cas du Suffixe -men en Chinois
Iljic, Robert 서울대학교 어학연구소 2004 語學硏究 Vol.40 No.3
The plural suffix -men in Mandarin Chinese affords a remarkable example of the interaction between the grammatical categories of number and person. While it is regularly added to personal pronouns, it is non-obligatory and highly constrained with nouns (humanness, definiteness, nouns may not be preceded by numerals). It is a necessary condition for -men to occur that n_>1, but this is not sufficient. Other more subjective factors (involving the speaker) are also at work. Indeed, the presence of the suffix induces modal effects. This article offers a detailed analysis of -men in Chinese. It shows that it has a collective meaning and that it is pronominal or deictic in nature. The group referred to is constructed either relative to the speaker (narrator) or a third party whose point of view the narrator provisionally adopts. What actually triggers the occurrence of -men is the conjunction of number(n_>1) and person (reference to a subject-origin). In narrative contexts, the contrast between N and N-men is founded upon a shift of perspective. Accordingly, whenever more than one entity is at issue, the opposition is not one of number but of point of view: external versus internal narrative point of view. This study has major implications for both linguistic theory and typology of languages. It demonstrates that, beside the familar nominal plural based on number, there exists another type of plural, namely the pronominal one, built with reference to a subject-origin and reflecting a particular viewpoint.
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Indefinite Quantification of Nouns Having a Unique Reference : Evidence from Vernacular Chinese
Robert Iljic 서울대학교 언어교육원 2012 語學硏究 Vol.48 No.3
This article focuses on nouns referring to previously identified entities and yet preceded by an indefinite quantifier. Particular attention is given to the fact that such quantification produces modal effects, an aspect of the problem conspicuously neglected by our predecessors. The intransitive băconstruction in Chinese serves as an illustration of this phenomenon. In Mandarin Chinese the so-called ‘pretransitive’ construction consists in the placement of the direct object before the verb by means of the preposition bă. However, bă does sometimes occur in sentences with intransitive verbs. Moreover, the bă noun phrase, which normally should be definite, is in this case usually preceded by the classifier ge, representing a counting unit and associated with indefinite reference. This type of sentence, which can be traced back to vernacular baihua texts, is still in use, although comparatively rare. The present study demonstrates that in such a configuration, as in all pretransitive constructions, bă marks the patient, even if the latter is the subject of an intransitive verb. Furthermore a certain agentivity is bestowed upon the noun in topic position (before bă), which may boil down to a mere desire to avert an (unpleasant) event, such as the death of a close relative. Finally, the purpose of putting ge in front of a proper or a uniquely determined common noun is not to count, that is, express quantity, but rather to place accent on quality. By referring to an individual occurrence as a member of the notional class denoted by the noun, one highlights the property which defines its elements : for instance, the father insofar as he is a father. Hence the special modal flavor attached to this structure.
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