The Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC imprints phenotypic memory in <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> spores by phosphorylating the glycolytic enzyme enolase

Virmani, Richa,Sajid, Andaleeb,Singhal, Anshika,Gaur, Mohita,Joshi, Jayadev,Bothra, Ankur,Garg, Richa,Misra, Richa,Singh, Vijay Pal,Molle, Virginie,Goel, Ajay K.,Singh, Archana,Kalia, Vipin C.,Lee, Ju American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Bi 2019 The Journal of biological chemistry Vol.294 No.22

<P><I>Bacillus anthracis</I> is the causative agent of anthrax in humans, bovine, and other animals. <I>B. anthracis</I> pathogenesis requires differentiation of dormant spores into vegetative cells. The spores inherit cellular components as phenotypic memory from the parent cell, and this memory plays a critical role in facilitating the spores' revival. Because metabolism initiates at the beginning of spore germination, here we metabolically reprogrammed <I>B. anthracis</I> cells to understand the role of glycolytic enzymes in this process. We show that increased expression of enolase (Eno) in the sporulating mother cell decreases germination efficiency. Eno is phosphorylated by the conserved Ser/Thr protein kinase PrkC which decreases the catalytic activity of Eno. We found that phosphorylation also regulates Eno expression and localization, thereby controlling the overall spore germination process. Using MS analysis, we identified the sites of phosphorylation in Eno, and substitution(s) of selected phosphorylation sites helped establish the functional correlation between phosphorylation and Eno activity. We propose that PrkC-mediated regulation of Eno may help sporulating <I>B. anthracis</I> cells in adapting to nutrient deprivation. In summary, to the best of our knowledge, our study provides the first evidence that in sporulating <I>B. anthracis</I>, PrkC imprints phenotypic memory that facilitates the germination process.</P>

Performance Analysis of Fuzzy based RED for Congestion Control in MANET

Richa Rai,Laxmi Shrivastava,Sarita Singh Bhadauria 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.10 No.5

In today’s world, nothing seems to be impossible, due to the astonishing advancements in science and technology. Now days, many humans are dependent on internet for their daily chores. But, congestion is one of the major issues, which affects the performance of such data networks. Thus, in order to control congestion, various schemes have been developed. In this research paper, the active queue management (AQM) scheme i.e. random early detection (RED) AQM algorithm is modified using fuzzy logic MATLAB tool, in such a manner that the efficient and reliable performance of the network can be maintained and improved as well. The results are verified with the help of QualNet 6.1 network simulator.

Character based ASCII Encryption & Decryption on Cloud System

Richa Sharma,K. K. Parashar,Jitendra Singh Sengar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.5

This paper proposed a algorithm for automatic key generation which generate from an integer value to create more secure communication over cloud architecture. Character based ASCII encryption scheme is used to satisfy the current requirement to establish secure communication. In this work we have a byte level security at each level of data transmission. It helps to create batter security to perform encryption & decryption over cloud infrastructure i.e., from this work we have technique through which we generate private key which help to establish secure communication between two or more node while they are communicating over cloud system.

Performance Analysis of Cost Effective Portable Solar Photovoltaic Water Pumping System

Richa Parmar,Chandan Banerjee,Arun K. Tripathi 한국태양광발전학회 2021 Current Photovoltaic Research Vol.9 No.2

Solar water pumping system (SWPS) is reliable and beneficial for Indian farmers in irrigation and crop production without accessing utility. The capability of easy installation and deployment, makes it an attractive option in remote areas without grid access. The selection of portable solar based pumps is pertaining to its longer life and economic viability due to lower running cost. The work presented in this manuscript intends to demonstrate performance analysis of portable systems. Consequent investigation reveals PSWS as the emerging option for rural household and marginal farmers. This can be attributed to the fact that, a considerable portion (around 45.7%) of the country’s land is farmland and irrigation options are yet to reach farmers who entirely rely on rain water at present for harvesting of the crops. According to census 2010-2011 tube wells are the main source for irrigation amongst all other sources followed by canals. Out of the total 64.57-million-hectare net irrigation area, 48.16% is accounted by small and marginal holdings, 43.77% by semi-medium and medium holdings, and 8.07% by large holdings. As per 2015-16 census data, nearly 100 million farming households would struggle to make ends meet. The work included in this manuscript, presents the performance of different commercial brands and different technologies of DC surface solar water micro pumping systems have been studied (specifically, the centrifugal and reciprocating type pumps have been considered for analysis). The performance of the pumping systems has been analyzed and data is evaluated in terms of quantity of water impelled for specific head. The reciprocating pump has been observed to deliver the best system efficiency.

Effect of Fading on Performance of VANET in Realistic Scenarios Using NCTUns6.0

Richa Sharma,Jyoteesh Malhotra,Komal Sharma 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.1

Road safety and increasing transport efficiency are the important goals for intelligent transport system (ITS). Vehicular Ad hoc Network is such a network which can help to achieve these goals. VANET routing is a crucial task for reliable communication among vehicles. The impact of fading on network throughput and packet drop is explored in this paper. Interesting results show the performance evaluation of without fading environment and Rayleigh fading in different scenarios. NCTUns 6.0 (National Chiao Tung University Network Simulator) is used to justify our results that is a GUI based open source platform for vehicular Ad-Hoc network. Various performance issues are also surveyed with the help of this simulator.

Soluble and Membranous Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 in Pregnancies Complicated by Pre-Eclampsia

Richa Tripathi,Gayatri Rath,Ranju Ralhan,Sunita Saxena,Sudha Salhan 연세대학교의과대학 2009 Yonsei medical journal Vol.50 No.5

Purpose: There is a paucity of information on the serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) concentrations, membranous VEGFR-2 expression and the mechanism involved in their modulations during the clinical onset of pre-eclampsia. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of sVEGFR-2 in serum and to investigate the expression of membranous VEGFR-2 in placentae of pre-eclampsia group. Materials and Methods: The serum levels of sVEGFR-2 (n = 120) and the expression of membranous VEGFR-2 in placentae (n = 100) were analysed at third trimester of pregnancy by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry respectively. The diagnostic parameters of sensitivity, specificity and association of soluble and membranous VEGFR-2 in these patients were evaluated. Results: The serum levels of sVEGFR-2 in pre-eclampsia patients were found to be significantly reduced (p = 0.01, p = 0.001) in early and late pre-eclamptic sub-groups as compared to their respective third trimester control sub-groups. Also, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a cut-off value of 7350.4 pg/mL, higher sensitivity (76%) and specificity (76%) for sVEGFR-2 in late onset (> 34 weeks) pre-eclamptic group. Significant down-regulation of membranous VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in all the placental cells (p = 0.0001) at > 34 weeks preeclamptic group. Conclusion: The reduced serum levels of soluble VEGFR-2 and the down-regulated expression of membranous VEGFR-2 in the study group denoted abnormality in VEGF mediated placental function in all placental cells and thus VEGFR-2 may be a key factor, intimately associated with pre-eclampsia. This study shows the clinical utility of soluble and membranous VEGFR-2 in pre-eclampsia patients. Purpose: There is a paucity of information on the serum soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (sVEGFR-2) concentrations, membranous VEGFR-2 expression and the mechanism involved in their modulations during the clinical onset of pre-eclampsia. This cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the concentration of sVEGFR-2 in serum and to investigate the expression of membranous VEGFR-2 in placentae of pre-eclampsia group. Materials and Methods: The serum levels of sVEGFR-2 (n = 120) and the expression of membranous VEGFR-2 in placentae (n = 100) were analysed at third trimester of pregnancy by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry respectively. The diagnostic parameters of sensitivity, specificity and association of soluble and membranous VEGFR-2 in these patients were evaluated. Results: The serum levels of sVEGFR-2 in pre-eclampsia patients were found to be significantly reduced (p = 0.01, p = 0.001) in early and late pre-eclamptic sub-groups as compared to their respective third trimester control sub-groups. Also, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed a cut-off value of 7350.4 pg/mL, higher sensitivity (76%) and specificity (76%) for sVEGFR-2 in late onset (> 34 weeks) pre-eclamptic group. Significant down-regulation of membranous VEGFR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in all the placental cells (p = 0.0001) at > 34 weeks preeclamptic group. Conclusion: The reduced serum levels of soluble VEGFR-2 and the down-regulated expression of membranous VEGFR-2 in the study group denoted abnormality in VEGF mediated placental function in all placental cells and thus VEGFR-2 may be a key factor, intimately associated with pre-eclampsia. This study shows the clinical utility of soluble and membranous VEGFR-2 in pre-eclampsia patients.

Biotinylated polyethylene glycol anchored magnetotactic bacteria for enhanced biodistribution of drugs

Richa Chaturvedi,Yumin Kang,Yunji Eom,Sri Ramulu Torati,CheolGi Kim 한국자기학회 2022 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.32 No.1

An evaluation of the relative urbanisation in peri-urban villages affected by industrialisation: the case study of Bhiwandi in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India

Richa Kandpal,Izuru Saizen 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.2

The Mumbai Metropolitan Region in India has a history of uneven development with a concentration of population and employment in the urban core of Mumbai city. Recently, there has been an increased rate of development in other nodes outside Mumbai city. Evaluating the intra-regional inequalities will facilitate more focused planning based on contextual issues. The peri-urban villages of Bhiwandi Surrounding Notified Area are among the least planned areas within the metropolitan region, witnessing intensive industrial development and a host of other resultant problems. This study focuses on the calculation of a measure of relative urbanisation for these villages in order to identify areas that are at an advanced stage of transition from rural to urban. The measure is based upon demographic, social, economic, spatial and infrastructural parameters. Variables were selected with reference to existing research in the field of indices for urbanity and the definitions of ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ in context of India, and comprehensive scores were generated for each village. The results guide the theoretical analysis of the pattern of development in the region and the influence of urbanisation on the socio-economic changes and living conditions in the villages. Further, this study discusses the formulation of customised planning policies for different categories of peri-urban villages in the Indian context. Since the development in these villages is driven primarily by secondary and tertiary sector employment, it can be concluded that the traditional consideration of ‘rural’ as being predominantly agricultural should be reassessed for peri-urban villages.

Identification of the Regulatory Region Responsible for Vascular Tissue–Specific Expression in the Rice Hd3a Promoter

Richa Pasriga,조래현,윤진미,안진흥 한국분자세포생물학회 2018 Molecules and cells Vol.41 No.4

Flowering time is determined by florigens. These genes include, Heading date 3a (Hd3a) and Rice FT 1 (RFT1) in rice, which are specifically expressed in the vascular tissues of leaves at the floral transition stage. To study the cis-regulatory elements present in the promoter region of Hd3a, we generated transgenic plants carrying the 1.75-kb promoter fragment of Hd3a that was fused to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Plants expressing this construct conferred a vascular cell-specific expression pat-tern for the reporter gene. However, GUS was expressed in leaves at all developmental stages, including the early seedling stage when Hd3a was not detected. Furthermore, the reporter was expressed in roots at all stages. This suggests that the 1.75-kb region lackings cis-elements that regulate leaf-specific expression at the appropriate developmental stages. Deletion analyses of the promoter region indicated that regulatory elements determining vascular cell-specific expression are present in the 200-bp region between -245 bp and -45 bp from the transcription initiation site. By transforming the Hd3a-GUS construct to rice cultivar ‘Taichung 65’ which is defective in Ehd1, we observed that Ehd1 is the major regulatory element that controls Hd3a promoter activity.

Reliability analysis of an embedded system with multiple vacations and standby

Richa Sharma,Manju Kaushik,Gireesh Kumar 한국신뢰성학회 2015 International Journal of Reliability and Applicati Vol.16 No.1

This investigation deals with reliability and sensitivity analysis of a repairable embedded system with standby wherein repairman takes multiple vacations. The hardware system consists of ‘M’ operating and ‘S’ standby components. The repairman can leave for multiple vacations of random length during its idle time. Whenever any operating unit fails, it is immediately replaced by a standby unit if available. Moreover, governing equations of an embedded system are constructed using appropriate birth-death rates. The vacation and repair time of repairman are exponentially distributed. The matrix method is used to find the steady-state probabilities of the number of failed components in the embedded system as well as other performance measures. Reliability indexes are presented. Further, numerical experiments are carried out for various system characteristics to examine the effects of different parameter. Using a special class of neuro-fuzzy systems i.e. Adaptive Network-based Fuzzy Interference Systems (ANFIS), we also approximate various performance measures. Finally, the conclusions and future research directions are provided.