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The Effect of Lithium on Adenylyl Cyclase: Thirty-Five Years of Research (1975∼2010)
RH Belmaker,G Agam 대한정신약물학회 2010 CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE Vol.8 No.3
One of the first discovered effects of lithium was inhibition of adenylyl cyclase (AC). AC is linked to many brain receptors and transmits their message into the cell by catalyzing the formation of cyclic AMP from adenosine triphosphate. Since the original report found lithium inhibition at 2 mM we attempted to see whether this effect actually occurred in patients on lithium whose average blood levels are less than 1 mM. We were able to show this effect using subcutaneous adrenalin and measuring cyclic AMP in plasma over the course of 70 minutes. We then studied the specificity of the effect using the glucagon induced rise in plasma cyclic AMP and found no effect of lithium. In rat brain slices we could confirm the finding that lithium inhibition occurs only at 2 mM but we could show that chronic lithium treated rats had inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation ex vivo. Since the AC system is complex we attempted to find the site of lithium action. Lithium inhibited G-protein function induced by isoproterenol or carbachol as measured by increases in rat brain homogenate radioactive GTP binding. However, lithium inhibited forskolin induced rises in cAMP accumulation and forskolin is thought to stimulate the AC system directly at the enzyme even in the absence of G-protein. More recently, 10 different isozymes of AC have been described, each the product of a different gene and with differential location throughout the brain or peripheral tissues. We were able to show that lithium preferentially inhibits AC5 and to a lesser extent AC2 and AC7. Since AC5 is located mostly in dopamine rich areas in the basal ganglia, this suggested that lithium’s specific behavioral effects might be related to AC5. The effect of lithium on AC5 is magnesium dependent, similar to the effect of lithium in many other biochemical systems. AC remains a candidate for the therapeutic mechanism of lithium and AC5 inhibitors under development may be brought to clinical trial in bipolar illness.
A case report : Enterovirus associated with central nervous system malformation in early pregnancy
( Rh Kim ),( Jw Kim ),( Jy Hwang ),( Km Lee ),( Hs Park ),( Jh Hwang ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.98 No.-
The enterovirus infections during pregnancy have been associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirths, and fetal anomaly including central nervous system malformations in laboratory mouse model and humans. We report a 34-year-old woman who had no clinical symptoms and signs of any viral infections during pregnancy. Obstetric ultrasonograms at 14 weeks of gestation revealed an large encephalocele and anencephaly of the fetus. We investigated the presence of Herpes simplex virus-1(HSV-1), Herpes simplex virus-2(HSV-2), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), Cytomegalovirus(CMV), and enterovirus in the placenta after abortion by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR. The expression of enterovirus was strongly noted in placenta and aborted fetus and there were little expressions of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV, and CMV by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR. This result suggests that enterovirus may be playing an important role in central nervous system malformations in humans and the further study will be need.
김난희(RH Kim),박진배(JB Park),신용철(YC Shin),이위창(WC Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1975 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.18 No.8
저자등은 49세와 50세의 여자에서 우측난소의 점액 낭종으로 부터 생긴 복막점액종 2예를 경험하엿기에 보고하며 문헌고찰을 하였다. myxoma peritonei is a relatively rare condition in which massive gelationous accumulation in the peritioneal cavity and gelatinous infiltration of the serous tissue resulting from perforation of mucinous cystoma or mucocele. Two cases of myxoma peritonei originated from benign mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary were reported with a brief review of the literature.
김난희(RH Kim),박진배(JB Park),신용철(YC Shin),이위창(WC Lee) 대한산부인과학회 1975 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.18 No.10
1. The incidence of C/S showed a gradual significant decrease from the shorter to the longer stature group. 2. Although the incidence of C/S showed a gradual increase from the younger to the older age group in longer women, the most prominent result showed in shorter and older nullipara 3. Ture conjugate diameter was lower in shorter women. 4. The incidence of antepartum complications was higher in the shorter stature, but no difference was noted in postpartum complications 5. Duration of labor was significantly prolonged in short primiparas. 6. There was no sighnificant relationship between the maternal height and infant weight. 7. The premature delivery was more prevalent in short stature than other group.
이령혜(RH Lee),백영철(YC Bark),정성수(SS Chung),강경주(KJ Kang),제구화(KW Je) 대한산부인과학회 1984 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.27 No.9
The uterine inversion is one of the most serious complication in obstetrics, especially in all midwifery and it occurs rarely. We presented a case of chronic puerperal uterine inversion, with a brief review of literature concerned.
평판형 증발부를 갖는 루프히트파이프의 열유동 및 보상챔버의 역할
이석호(Seok-Ho Rh),김용만(Yong-Man Kim),장주찬(Ju-Chan Jang),황규동(Kyu-Dong Hwang),이충구(Chung-Gu Lee) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.5
The present study carried out experimental and analytical study of a Loop Heat Pipe(LHP), employing various working fluids, different system orientation modes and so on. This paper presents a LHP employed micro ceramic wicks and various working fluid such as Ammonia, Water and R-134a are used as working fluid. We observed how LHP was affected by different compensation chamber temperature and system mode. The best perpermance was achieved from CC-mode with R-134a. Futhermore, we simulated LHP in each various environments. As a result, an important fundamental data required for the establishment of the theoretical prediction of LHP performance was obtained.
Dal Yob Lee,Rh. D.,Hye-jeon Park,Seung-wook Lee 한국로고스경영학회 2004 한국로고스경영학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
This study has been commissioned to add to the knowledge base about employment and training in the region of Asian-Pacific and as a background information for the persons with disabilities in Korea. The Government has been preparing a “New Five-year plan for persons with Disabilities (2003-2207)”. This plan contains more advanced strategies and measures to in prove the welfare status for persons with disabilities. However, rehabilitation legislation is urgent.
안치석,성노현,정은환 대한산부인과학회 1996 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.39 No.2
본 연구결과 자궁경부암 환자군에서 factor VIII을 이용한 미세혈관의 발현정도는 대조군과 비교해 200배율하 현미경하에서만 각 군간에 통계학적 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 여러 임상적 예후인자 혹은 생화학적 예후인자와의 상호 관련성 미비 등의 문제때문에 자궁경부암과 맥관형성과의 연관성을 아직 확인할 수 없어 추후에 계속적인 연구가 필요하리라 판단된다. Angiogenesis, the formation of new vessels, has been associated with tumor growth. Experimental evidence suggests that the neovascularization increases the opportunity for tumor cells to enter the circulation and is correlated with metastasis. To investigate if angiogenesis is a related factor in carcinoma of the uterine cervix, we counted microvessles and graded the density of microvessels in 30 paients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. Tumor sections were stained immunohistochemically with factor VIII to identify all vessels. The microvessels were counted and graded in the most intense areas of neovascularization by light microscopy. Microvessel counts in patients with wquamous cell carcinoma were significantly different from those of normal cervix and chronic cervicitis in 200x field microscopy: 22.43 vs. 6.57 and 10.93 (p=0.0182). There was no correlation between microvessel count and clinical parameters such as tumor size or clinical FIGO stage. This study suggests that tumor angiogenesis could be involved in squmous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. However, microvessel counts may not be a prognostic value in patients having risk factors for poor clinical outcomes.