Standards of architectural design for the ecological certification of the rural settlements

Kavas, Kemal Reha,Danaci, Hacer Mutlu,Cal, Isa Techno-Press 2020 Advances in energy research Vol.7 No.1

Before the industrial revolution architecture has been shaped by the natural and cultural inputs. Local constraints become more effective determinants of architecture in the rural contexts because by being disengaged from the webs of transportation and communication, rural settlements have achieved sustainability in difficult conditions. The examples of rural settlement and architecture have provided sustainability through integration with natural inputs within the geographical context because they have reached the goals of ecological design within the local constraints. Although this feature of the rural cultural landscapes has been emphasized frequently, tangible standards could not be developed in order to interpret their ecological design principles from the perspectives of the contemporary building sector and planning. However, the historical experience indicates that the sustenance of ecological performance can be possible as a result of integrated planning at the overall scale of the settlement. Therefore, the existing standards are not qualified for interpreting the rural contexts. This study develops a method for analysing, interpreting and evaluating traditional rural settlements and certifying new implementations in the rural environments in the light of the given literature review, discussion and methodological proposal.

멀티미디어 데이터의 동기를 위한 서버에서의 스케쥴링 방식 ( Server-Based Scheduling for Synchronization of Multimedia Data )

우미애,Reha Uzsoy,Arif Ghafoor 대한전자공학회 1996 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.1

Azerbaijan's Far Eastern orientation and South Korea

Bulent Arasa,Reha Yilmaz 한국국방연구원 2009 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.21 No.3

This paper focuses on Azerbaijan's outreach toward East Asian countries and its relationship with South Korea. Despite their geographical distance from Azerbaijan, countries in the Far East, especially China, Japan, and South Korea, have demonstrated an interest in engagement and explored potential avenues of cooperation. Azerbaijan established support for its political priorities and for its stance on the Karabakh issue as prerequisites and confidence-building measures for potential investors. East Asian states easily fulfilled these two criteria, due to their geographical and ideological distance from the political dynamics of the Caucasus. South Korea showed a genuine concern for Azerbaijan's national interests and problems and played a key role in its economic development. While South Korea was a latecomer, mutual political trust and fruitful economic relations were quickly established. The Azeri administration has entrusted South Korean public and private investors with many significant current and future projects in the oil- and non-oil-related fields. This paper concludes that these projects are indicators of the central role that South Korea will play in Azerbaijan's future.

Investigation of Efficacy of Lidocaine Spray for Sedated Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Children

Ahmet Basturk,Reha Artan,Aygen Yılmaz 대한소아소화기영양학회 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: Our aim in this study is to investigate efficacy of topical lidocaine spray for sedated esophagogas-troduodenoscopy (EGD) in children.Methods: The endoscopy of children aged between 3-18 years who underwent EGD in our endoscopy unit. Intravenous (IV) midazolam and ketamine were used for sedation. Prior to sedation, endoscopy nurse applied topical lidocaine 10% with pump spray at 1 mg/kg dose in group 1, and distilled water via identically scaled pump spray in group 2, in a double blinded fashion.Results: Sedation was not applied in 24.1% of the cases in topical lidocaine spray group (LS group) and in 5.7% of the cases in distilled water spray group (DS group). Gag reflex was observed in 6.5% of cases in LS group and 33.3% of cases in DS group (p=0.024), increased oral secretion was observed in 9.3% of cases in LS group and 51.7% of cases in DS group (p=0.038), sore throat was observed in 3.7% of cases in LS group and 35.6% of cases in DS group (p=0.019) and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed that topical pharyngeal lidocaine reduces both requirement and amount of IV sedation before EGD in children and sore throat, gag reflex and decreased oral secretion increase.

Gastritis Associated with Initially Pediatric Crohn’s Disease andUlcerative Colitis

Ahmet Basturk,Reha Artan,Aygen Yılmaz,Mustafa T. Gelen 대한소아소화기영양학회 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the involvement of the upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) in patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to com-pare their differences. Methods: This study included patients aged between 2 and 18 years who underwent colonoscopy and esophagogas-troduodenoscopy (EGD) for the first time due to the prediagnosis of IBD. In EGD, samples were taken from duodenum, antrum, corpus, and esophagus; and gastritis, duodenitis, and esophagitis were identified through histopathologic examination. The data gathered the ends of the research were compared between IBD with non-IBD groups and between CD-UC with non-IBD groups, and the presence of significant differences between groups were determined. Results: In our study, 16 patients were diagnosed with CD, 13 with UC, 3 with undeterminate colitis, and 13 with non-IBD. In the histopathological examination of the groups, GIS involvement was found in 94.1% of patients diag-nosed with IBD and in 38.5% of non-IBD patients. Moreover, the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.032). No significant difference was found between the CD and UC groups. Gastritis was mostly observed in 93.8% of CD-diagnosed patients, 76.8% of UC-diagnosed patients, 81.2% of IBD-diagnosed patients, and 38.5% of non-IBD–diagnosed patients. On the other hand, significant differences were found between CD and non-IBD groups (p=0.03), UC and non-IBD groups (p=0.047), and IBD and non-IBD groups (p=0.03). Conclusion: The results of the study show that gastritis was highly observed in UC- and CD-diagnosed patients than in non-IBD–diagnosed patients.

Investigation of Efficacy of Lidocaine Spray for Sedated Esophagogastroduodenoscopy in Children

Basturk, Ahmet,Artan, Reha,Yilmaz, Aygen The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2017 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.20 No.2

Purpose: Our aim in this study is to investigate efficacy of topical lidocaine spray for sedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in children. Methods: The endoscopy of children aged between 3-18 years who underwent EGD in our endoscopy unit. Intravenous (IV) midazolam and ketamine were used for sedation. Prior to sedation, endoscopy nurse applied topical lidocaine 10% with pump spray at 1 mg/kg dose in group 1, and distilled water via identically scaled pump spray in group 2, in a double blinded fashion. Results: Sedation was not applied in 24.1% of the cases in topical lidocaine spray group (LS group) and in 5.7% of the cases in distilled water spray group (DS group). Gag reflex was observed in 6.5% of cases in LS group and 33.3% of cases in DS group (p=0.024), increased oral secretion was observed in 9.3% of cases in LS group and 51.7% of cases in DS group (p=0.038), sore throat was observed in 3.7% of cases in LS group and 35.6% of cases in DS group (p=0.019) and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: The study showed that topical pharyngeal lidocaine reduces both requirement and amount of IV sedation before EGD in children and sore throat, gag reflex and decreased oral secretion increase.

Gastritis Associated with Initially Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis

Basturk, Ahmet,Artan, Reha,Yilmaz, Aygen,Gelen, Mustafa T. The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2018 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.21 No.3

Purpose: The aim of this study is to determine the involvement of the upper gastrointestinal system (GIS) in patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to compare their differences. Methods: This study included patients aged between 2 and 18 years who underwent colonoscopy and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for the first time due to the prediagnosis of IBD. In EGD, samples were taken from duodenum, antrum, corpus, and esophagus; and gastritis, duodenitis, and esophagitis were identified through histopathologic examination. The data gathered the ends of the research were compared between IBD with non-IBD groups and between CD-UC with non-IBD groups, and the presence of significant differences between groups were determined. Results: In our study, 16 patients were diagnosed with CD, 13 with UC, 3 with undeterminate colitis, and 13 with non-IBD. In the histopathological examination of the groups, GIS involvement was found in 94.1% of patients diagnosed with IBD and in 38.5% of non-IBD patients. Moreover, the difference was found to be statistically significant (p=0.032). No significant difference was found between the CD and UC groups. Gastritis was mostly observed in 93.8% of CD-diagnosed patients, 76.8% of UC-diagnosed patients, 81.2% of IBD-diagnosed patients, and 38.5% of non-IBD-diagnosed patients. On the other hand, significant differences were found between CD and non-IBD groups (p=0.03), UC and non-IBD groups (p=0.047), and IBD and non-IBD groups (p=0.03). Conclusion: The results of the study show that gastritis was highly observed in UC- and CD-diagnosed patients than in non-IBD-diagnosed patients.

Highly efficient removal from aqueous solution by adsorption of Maxilon Red GRL dye using activated pine sawdust

İlknur Şentürk,Muhammed Reha Yıldız 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.6

Pine sawdust, to which sulfuric acid was applied (APSD), was utilized as an inexpensive adsorbent to perform the batch adsorptive removal from a synthetic dye solution of Maxilon Red GRL (MR GRL). The activated adsorbent was characterized by the points of zero charge, FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption, SEM, and SEM-EDX analyses. According to the removal results, the highest efficiency of the dye adsorption was reached at 180min. MR GRL removal of 99.35% was achieved using APSD under the optimum conditions (pH=5.7-6.0, temperature=298 K, dye concentration= 250mg/L, and adsorbent dosage=8 g/L). The Langmuir isotherm represents the best explanation model for the experimental data, which has the highest adsorption capacity of 312.5mg/g at 318 K. The compatibility of adsorption with the Langmuir isotherm showed that adsorption was reversible and physical. The other results obtained confirmed this situation. The kinetic research demonstrated that the sorption process was realized in accordance with the pseudo-second- order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the MR GRL adsorption occurred spontaneously and was exothermic. The findings of the present research confirm that acid-activated pine sawdust may be utilized to remove MR GRL dye from aqueous solutions as a low-cost and efficient adsorbent.

Role of Soluble Adiponectin Receptor 2 in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Aksoy, Gulsah Kaya,Artan, Reha,Aksoy, Cihat,Ozdem, Sebahat,Atalay, Atike,Yilmaz, Aygen The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.5

Purpose: The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children is gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of serum adiponectin and soluble adiponectin receptor 2 (soluble Adipo R2) levels for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease in obese and overweight children. Methods: The study included 51 obese and overweight children between the ages of 6 and 18 years diagnosed with NAFLD using ultrasonography and 20 children without fatty liver disease. Patients whose alanine transaminase level was two times higher than normal (${\geq}80U/L$) were included in the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group. Results: NASH was observed in 11 (21.6%) of the patients with NAFLD. The incidence of obesity was higher in patients with NASH (80% and 45%, p=0.021). While the adiponectin levels were similar in patients with NAFLD and those without, they were below the normal level in the whole study group. Adiponectin and soluble Adipo R2 levels of patients with NASH were lower than those in patients without NASH; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.064 and p=0.463). Soluble Adipo R2 levels in obese patients with NAFLD were higher than those in obese children without NAFLD (p<0.001). Conclusion: Soluble adiponectin receptor 2 level is a noninvasive marker that can be used for the diagnosis of NAFLD in obese children.

Role of Soluble Adiponectin Receptor 2 in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Children

Gulsah Kaya Aksoy,Reha Artan,Cihat Aksoy,Sebahat Özdem,Atike Atalay,Aygen Yılmaz 대한소아소화기영양학회 2019 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.22 No.5

Purpose: The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children is gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of serum adiponectin and soluble adiponectin receptor 2 (soluble Adipo R2) levels for the diagnosis of fatty liver disease in obese and overweight children. Methods: The study included 51 obese and overweight children between the ages of 6 and 18 years diagnosed with NAFLD using ultrasonography and 20 children without fatty liver disease. Patients whose alanine transaminase level was two times higher than normal (≥80 U/L) were included in the non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) group. Results: NASH was observed in 11 (21.6%) of the patients with NAFLD. The incidence of obesity was higher in patients with NASH (80% and 45%, p=0.021). While the adiponectin levels were similar in patients with NAFLD and those without, they were below the normal level in the whole study group. Adiponectin and soluble Adipo R2 levels of patients with NASH were lower than those in patients without NASH; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.064 and p=0.463). Soluble Adipo R2 levels in obese patients with NAFLD were higher than those in obese children without NAFLD (p<0.001). Conclusion: Soluble adiponectin receptor 2 level is a noninvasive marker that can be used for the diagnosis of NAFLD in obese children.