The North Korean Human Rights Act and U.S. Perspectives on Human Rights in North Korea

Ray Sudweeks 인권법연구소 가톨릭대학교 법학부 2005 인권법연구 Vol.- No.1

Spreen의 方法을 利用한 韓國 南東部 地方의 春季 輻射霧 豫報法에 관하여

李來英 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1976 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.17 No.-

釜山, 蔚山, 그리고 浦項을 包含하는 韓國 南東部 地方에서 봄 철에 자주 發生하는 輻射霧에 對한 客觀的인 豫保法이 Spreen의 方法을 應用하여서 考案되었다. 南東部地方의 輻射霧 豫想圖 作成에는 그 豫想因子로서 (1) 日最高氣溫, (2) 日沒時 氣溫, (3) 日沒時 露點, (4) 日沒時의 風向과 風速等이 適合함이 밝혀졌다. 이 豫想圖의 評價를 爲해 1971年과 1972年의 獨立的인 資料가 使用되었으며, 그 結果, 熟練度는 0.69∼0.79, 的中率은 94.9∼96.4$나 됨이 밝혀졌다. 따라서 한 두 개의 豫想因子를 使用하여 만든 豫想圖보다는 많은 豫想因子를 使用하여 만든 豫想圖가 훨씬 그 熟練度와 的中率이 높을 것이라는 一般的인 見解가 合理化된 셈이다. An objective method of forecasting radiation fog at south-east tegion of Korea in spring season is developed using the Spreen's scatter-diagram technique, and the prediction diagram for fog-phenomena is constructed to help the forecaster. The parameters used for prediction diagram are (1) daily maximum temperature, (2) sunset temperature, (3) sunset dewpoint temperature, (4) sunset wind direction and wind vwlocity at Pusan, Ulsan, and Pohang. Based on two years (1971-1972) of independent data, skill scores and percent corrects through that diagram have the range of 0.69-0.79, 94.9-96.4% respectively. It is also made clear that prediction diagram using many predictants was useful than a single scatter-diagram using only two predictants.

晴天時의 日最低氣溫과 輻射霧의 經驗的 豫報法에 關한 硏究 : 全州 地方을 中心으로

李來英 梨花女子大學校 韓國生活科學硏究院 1976 韓國生活科學硏究院 論叢 Vol.17 No.-

晴天의 日氣狀態로 夜間載冷却이 아주 顯著하여, 그 翌日 輻射霧가 잘 形成된 27境遇를 골라서 全州地方의 春季(9∼2月) 輻射霧가 調査硏究되었다. 그 調査硏究의 結果로 全州地方의 春季輻射霧 豫想圖와 豫想表에 使用된 豫想因子는 (1) 日最底氣溫 (2) 平均 氣溫 下降率 그리고 (3) 안개 發生時刻等이며, 이러한 값들을 晴天時 夜間輻射冷却이 顯著한 때에 豫想圖 및 豫想表에 適用하면 좋은 成果를 얻을 수 있을 것이다. 또 豫報者는 이 論文의 結果를 利用함으로써 現象前日 冷却率의 推定 값과 實際 값을 알수 있게 되는데, 그러한 값들은 豫想圖를 더 쓸모있게 改善하고 또, 前日의 氣象條件의 變化를 아는데 필요한 것이다. Belhouse의 方法에 따라 日沒時 資料, 즉 日沒時 氣溫과 露點을 主로 使用하였으며, 더 많은 期間의 더 많은 資料가 蓄積된다면 이 豫想圖와 豫想表는 豫報者에게 實用化 되어질 것으로 思慮된다. 27 cases of nightting cooling under clear-sky conditions were investigated at Chunju area during the season of radiation fog (September-February). A prediction diagram was developed and incorp(rated into a working chart which gave the forecaster objective estimates of the daily minimum temperature, the mean pattern of temperature decline, and the earliest and latest times of fog occurrence. The parameters used for prediction table and diagram were minimum temperature, sunset dewpoint temperature, temperature at 22: 00KST, time of minimum temperature, under all clear-sky conditions at Chunju. The approach was based primarily on the sunset values, temperature and dewpoint temperature, after Belhouse's method. The prediction diagram should be useful practically to forecaster, as more predictants and more previouse data are accumulated.

Ag-BaMoO₄: Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ photocatalyst for antibacterial application

Ray, Schindra Kumar,Dhakal, Dipesh,Pandey, Ramesh Prasad,Lee, Soo Wohn Elsevier S.A. 2017 Materials Science and Engineering C Vol. No.

<P>Silver loaded and Er3+/Yb3+ doped BaMoO4 octahedron microcrystals were fabricated by microwave hydrothermal process. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The antibacterial application of samples were investigated by visible light irradiation and disk-diffusion method towards representative Gram-negative pathogen (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive pathogen (methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus). The complete inactivation of Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus were observed by Ag-BaMoO4: Er3+/Yb3+ photocatalyst within 1 h, 4 h, and 5 h, respectively, under visible light irradiation. The high killing percentage and superior zone of inhibition revealed the excellent antibacterial performance. The FESEM images were used to visualize the morphology with the extent of damage in the phospholipid layer present in the cell membrane of bacteria. The synergistic effect of loaded silver particles and doped Er3+/Yb3+ ions in BaMoO4 contributed for efficient antibacterial performance in visible light as well as in the dark. The excellent antibacterial performance of Ag-BaMoO4: Er3+/Yb3+ photocatalyst makes the material suitable for smart weapon for multidrug-resistant microorganisms and disinfectants in biomedical application. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Enhancement of Upconversion Luminescence in BaMoO₄: Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ Microcrystals by the Addition of KCl

Ray, Schindra Kumar,Adhikari, Rajesh,Joshi, Bhupendra,Gyawali, Gobinda,Kshetri, Yuwaraj K.,Regmi, Chhabilal,Tripathi, Khagendra,Lee, Soo Wohn American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.11

<P>BaMoO4, co-doped with Er3+, Yb3+ and K+, microcrystals were synthesized by the microwave hydrothermal process. The crystal structure and particle morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The XRD pattern revealed the tetragonal scheelite structure of BaMoO4. In addition, octahedron microcrystals around 0.5-2 mu m were found by SEM analysis. Compositional analysis and the chemical states of the samples were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra and luminescence properties were also analyzed by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Two strong green emission peaks (526 nm and 554 nm) and one weak red emission peak (661 nm) were observed, which are related to the H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of the Er3+ ions, respectively, under 980 nm (CW) laser diode excitation. The green upconversion luminescence intensity was enhanced two times with the KCl addition.</P>

Plasmon and Upconversion Behavior in Ag—BaMoO₄: Er³⁺/Yb³⁺ Microcrystals

Ray, Schindra Kumar,Adhikari, Rajesh,Gyawali, Gobinda,Joshi, Bhupendra,Kshetri, Yuwaraj K.,Regmi, Chhabilal,Tripathi, Khagendra,Lee, Soo Wohn American Scientific Publishers 2016 Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology Vol.16 No.11

<P>Ag-BaMoO4 co-doped with Er3+/Yb3+ microcrystals were synthesized by the microwave hydrothermal process. The crystal structures and particle morphology were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. XRD patterns indicate the tetragonal scheelite structure of BaMoO4. Elemental composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra, Raman spectra and photoluminescence spectra were analyzed by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy, respectively. Two strong green emission peaks (526 nm and 554 nm) and a weak red emission peak (661 nm) were identified, which were associated to the H-2(11/2) -> I-4(15/2), S-4(3/2) -> I-4(15/2) and F-4(9/2) -> I-4(15/2) transitions of the Er3+ ions, respectively. Moreover, two photonic processes were observed. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) with upconversion luminescence behavior of the Ag-BaMoO4: Er3+/Yb3+ samples were clearly described.</P>

Observation of the Talbot effect using broadband hard x-ray beam

Kim, Jae Myung,Cho, In Hwa,Lee, Su Yong,Kang, Hyon Chol,Conley, Ray,Liu, Chian,Macrander, Albert T.,Noh, Do Young The Optical Society 2010 Optics express Vol.18 No.24

<P>We demonstrated the Talbot effect using a broadband hard x-ray beam (?관/관 ~1). The exit wave-field of the x-ray beam passing through a grating with a sub micro-meter scale period was successfully replicated and recorded at effective Talbot distance, Z(T). The period was reduced to half at Z(T)/4 and 3/4Z(T), and the phase reversal was observed at Z(T)/2. The propagating wave-field recorded on photoresists was consistent with a simulated result.</P>

Ray C. Petry : Christian Eschatology and Social Thought to A. D. 1500, 1956

Ray C. Petry 한신대학교 한신신학연구소 1960 신학연구 Vol.6 No.-

Investigation of thermal energy potential, pyroelectric, and electrocaloric performance of Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 ceramic

Ray A.,Nayak B.,Elorika P.,Barman R.,Sharmistha A.,Badapanda T.,Anwar S. 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.5

In the current work, the structural, dielectric, and electrocaloric performance of Ba0.7Ca0.3TiO3 ceramic synthesized by solid-state reaction route is presented. The structural analysis was examined by X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, which confirms the existence of a combined phase of tetragonal structure with P4mm symmetry and orthorhombic structure with Amm2 symmetry. The scanning electron micrograph shows well-defined and pore-free grains. The temperature-dependent dielectric performance shows diffuse phase transition behavior. The temperature-dependent ferroelectric hysteresis behavior was examined under the application of various amplitudes of an applied electric field. The energy storage density, energy loss density, and energy storage efficiency of the composition at different temperature were calculated using the standard formula. The thermal energy potential has been calculated by employing the Olsen cycle. Also, pyroelectric figures of merit (FOMs) for voltage responsivity (Fv), current responsivity (Fi), energy harvesting (Fe), new energy harvesting (F*e), and detective (Fd) were calculated. Adiabatic temperature change, isothermal entropy change, and electrocaloric strength are evaluated using an indirect technique based on the thermodynamic Maxwell's relation.

Characterization and multicolor upconversion emission properties of BaMoO₄: Yb³⁺, Ln³⁺ (Ln = Tm, Ho, Tm/Ho) microcrystals

Ray, Schindra Kumar,Kshetri, Yuwaraj K.,Yamaguchi, Tokutaro,Kim, Tae-Ho,Lee, Soo Wohn Elsevier 2019 Journal of solid state chemistry Vol.272 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrothermal process was employed to synthesize the Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>/Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>, Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>/Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> and Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>/Tm<SUP>3+</SUP>/Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> doped BaMoO<SUB>4</SUB> octahedron microcrystals (0.50–5.0 µm). The synthesized phosphors have scheelite tetragonal structure. The elemental mapping suggests the uniform distribution of elements in the samples. The oxidation state of samples were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) which indicates the existence of Ba<SUP>2+</SUP>, Mo<SUP>6+</SUP>, O, Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>, Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> in samples. The presence of rare earth ions was also verified by observation of specific absorption peaks in diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). The tunable multicolor upconversion (UC) emissions were successfully obtained under 980 nm NIR excitation by precisely adjusting the concentration of rare earth ions. The as prepared sample exhibits blue, green and red emission as a result of energy transfer from the Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> to Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> ions. The power dependent UC emission spectra show the two photonic processes. The energy transfer mechanism from Yb<SUP>3+</SUP> to Tm<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ho<SUP>3+</SUP> was explained <I>via</I> an energy level analysis.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Synthesis of BaMoO<SUB>4</SUB>: Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>, Ln<SUP>3+</SUP> (Ln = Tm, Ho, Tm/Ho) by hydrothermal process. </LI> <LI> Investigation of upconversion luminescence of phosphors under 980 nm excitation. </LI> <LI> Obtaining the multicolor emission by adjusting doped rare-earth ions concentration. </LI> <LI> Explanation of photonic process and energy transfer mechanism. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>Multicolor upconversion emission properties of BaMoO<SUB>4</SUB>: Yb<SUP>3+</SUP>, Ln<SUP>3+</SUP> (Ln = Tm, Ho, Tm/Ho) octahedrons</P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>