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Optimization of Tannase Production by Aspergillus niger in Solid-State Packed-Bed Bioreactor
( Rodriguez Duran Luis ),( Juan C. Contreras Esquivel ),( Raul Rodriguez ),( L. Arely Prado Barragan ),( Cristobal N. Aguilar ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2011 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.21 No.9
Tannin acyl hydrolase, also known as tannase, is an enzyme with important applications in the food, feed, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. However, despite a growing interest in the catalytic properties of tannase, its practical use is very limited owing to high production costs. Several studies have already demonstrated the advantages of solid-state fermentation (SSF) for the production of fungal tannase, yet the optimal conditions for enzyme production strongly depend on the microbial strain utilized. Therefore, the aim of this study was to improve the tannase production by a locally isolated A. niger strain in an SSF system. The SSF was carried out in packed-bed bioreactors using polyurethane foam as an inert support impregnated with defined culture media. The process parameters influencing the enzyme production were identified using a Plackett-Burman design, where the substrate concentration, initial pH, and incubation temperature were determined as the most significant. These parameters were then further optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The maximum tannase production was obtained with a high tannic acid concentration (50 g/l), relatively low incubation temperature (30oC), and unique low initial pH (4.0). The statistical strategy aided in increasing the enzyme activity nearly 1.97-fold, from 4,030 to 7,955 U/l. Consequently, these findings can lead to the development of a fermentation system that is able to produce large amounts of tannase in economical, compact, and scalable reactors.
Do Remittances Crowd Out the Government’s Redistributive Policy?
IKUHO KOCHI;RAUL ALBERTO PONCE RODRIGUEZ 경제연구소 2010 Journal of Economic Development Vol.35 No.4
In this paper, we develop a political economy model with a voting equilibrium to analyze the impact of remittances in the government’s redistributive policy. Remittances affect the distribution of income and the households’ demand for public redistribution. In this paper we consider the impact of remittances on two types of redistributive programs: a universal and a targeted transfer program. For an economy with targeted public transfers, we identify conditions in which an increase in remittances crowds out the social transfers of the government. If the redistributive program is universal then an increase in remittances actually increases the size of the government’s transfers.
Raul Gregor,Guido Valenzano,Jorge Rodas,Jose Rodriguez-Pineiro,Derlis Gregor 전력전자학회 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.2
This paper presents a digital hardware implementation of a real-time simulator for a multiphase drive using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The simulator was developed with a modular and hierarchical design using very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). Hence, this simulator is flexible and portable. A state-space representation model suitable for FPGA implementations was proposed for a dual three-phase induction machine (DTPIM). The simulator also models a two-level 12-pulse insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based voltage-source converter (VSC), a pulse-width modulation scheme, and a measurement system. Real-time simulation outputs (stator currents and rotor speed) were validated under steady-state and transient conditions using as reference an experimental test bench based on a DTPIM with 15 kW-rated power. The accuracy of the proposed digital hardware implementation was evaluated according to the simulation and experimental results. Finally, statistical performance parameters were provided to analyze the efficiency of the proposed DTPIM hardware implementation method.
( Hector Raul Ibarra Sifuentes ),( Carlos Javier Rodriguez Alvarez ),( Erick Joel Rendon Ramirez ),( Perla Rocio Colunga Pedraza ),( Iris Jazmin Colunga Pedraza ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1
Background: The Glasgow-Blatchford scale has been used to classify patients into low or high risk and the need for medical or endoscopic treatment Methods: A cross-sectional study, which retrospectively Blatchford scale is calculated for patients with nVUGIB, requiring blood transfusion, to determine the likelihood of blood transfusion, using Pearson correlation applying SPSS Statistics 18; in a period beginning from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013 Results: 42 patients with diagnosis of nVUGIB were studied, of which 26 patients (61.9%) required blood transfusion. By sex the highest percentage was 65% for men (17 men and 9 women). 95.3% of the patients had a Blatchford scored greater than 0 and 61.9% required blood transfusion. A Pearson correlation index of 0.815 was found. Conclusions: The Pearson correlation showed a positive relationship between the variables, finding that the Blatchford scale was useful in determining which patients required blood transfusion when a cutoff 3 was used.
Gregor, Raul,Valenzano, Guido,Rodas, Jorge,Rodriguez-Pineiro, Jose,Gregor, Derlis The Korean Institute of Power Electronics 2016 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.16 No.2
This paper presents a digital hardware implementation of a real-time simulator for a multiphase drive using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) device. The simulator was developed with a modular and hierarchical design using very high-speed integrated circuit hardware description language (VHDL). Hence, this simulator is flexible and portable. A state-space representation model suitable for FPGA implementations was proposed for a dual three-phase induction machine (DTPIM). The simulator also models a two-level 12-pulse insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based voltage-source converter (VSC), a pulse-width modulation scheme, and a measurement system. Real-time simulation outputs (stator currents and rotor speed) were validated under steady-state and transient conditions using as reference an experimental test bench based on a DTPIM with 15 kW-rated power. The accuracy of the proposed digital hardware implementation was evaluated according to the simulation and experimental results. Finally, statistical performance parameters were provided to analyze the efficiency of the proposed DTPIM hardware implementation method.
Presence of Transgenic Genes and Proteins in Commercial Soybean Foods from Mexican Grocery Stores
Yendi Arely Cruz-Flores,Raul Rodriguez-Herrera,Cristobal Noe Aguilar-Gonzalez,Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel,Maria de la Luz Reyes-Vega 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.5
Commercial food products from major cities of Coahuila, Mexico were screened to identify residues of transgenic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and/or proteins. After performed, an inventory on all products that contained a soybean-based ingredient in a commercial grocery store in the city of Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico, 245 food products were identified and grouped in 15 classes according to the soybean ingredient as well as the manufacturing process used for their elaboration. Similar sampling was made for the different food classes in the cities of Monclova, Piedras Negras, and Torreon. A total of 88 samples were analyzed and DNA was extracted by the hexadecyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) technique with slight modification to obtain better DNA quality (1). In addition, segments of the transgenic genes one that codifies for 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps), cry 1A, and the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) promoter were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The transgenic proteins 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) and insecticidal crystal protein (Cry 1Ab/Ac) were identified using double antibody sandwich-enzymatic linked immunoassay analysis (DAS-ELISA). Presence of transgenic genes and/or proteins was identified in 35.3% of the commercial products samples.
( Martin Humberto Munoz Ortega ),( Raul Wiliberto Llamas Ramirez ),( Norma Isabel Romero Delgadillo ),( Tania Guadalupe Elias Flores ),( Edgar De Jesus Tavares Rodriguez ),( Maria Del Rosario Campos E 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Gut and Liver Vol.10 No.1
Background/Aims: The development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cirrhosis has become an important focus for basic and clinical researchers. Adrenergic receptor antagonists have been evaluated as antifibrotic drugs in rodent models of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced cirrhosis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of carvedilol and doxazosin on fibrosis/cirrhosis in a hamster animal model. Methods: Cirrhotic-induced hamsters were treated by daily administration of carvedilol and doxazosin for 6 weeks. Hepatic function and histological evaluation were conducted by measuring biochemical markers, including total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and albumin, and liver tissue slices. Additionally, transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) immunohistochemistry was analyzed. Results: Biochemical markers revealed that hepatic function was restored after treatment with doxazosin and carvedilol. Histological evaluation showed a decrease in collagen type I deposits and TGF-β-secreting cells. Conclusions: Taken together, these results suggest that the decrease in collagen type I following treatment with doxazosin or carvedilol is achieved by decreasing the profibrotic activities of TGF-β via the blockage of α1- and β-adrenergic receptor. Consequently, a diminution of fibrotic tissue in the CCl4-induced model of cirrhosis is achieved. (Gut Liver 2016;10:101-108)